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97 results for “fences”
Chain Link Fence
A chain linked fence, and old rusted fence that is relitively reasonably priced to build and classic look. Made in Blender and Textured in Quixel Mixer Made for Unreal Engine 5 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: Inter- and intrapopulation resource use variation of marine subsidized western fence lizards
<p>Marine resource subsidies can alter consumer dynamics of recipient populations in coastal systems. The response to these subsidies by generalist consumers is often not uniform, resulting in inter- and intrapopulation diet variation and niche diversification that may be intensified across heterogeneous landscapes.</p> <p>We sampled western fence lizards, <em>Sceloporus occidentalis</em>, from Puget Sound beaches and from coastal and inland forest habitats, as well as the lizards' marine and terrestrial prey items to quantify marine and terrestrial resource use with stable isotope analysis (SIA) and mixing models.</p> <p>Isotopic results reveal beach lizards had higher average δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values compared to coastal and inland forest lizards, exhibiting a strong mixing line between marine and terrestrial prey items. Across five beach sites, lizard populations received 20 to 51% of their diet from marine resources, on average, with individual lizards ranging between 7% and 86% marine diet.</p> <p>The hillslope of the transition zone between marine and terrestrial environments at beach sites was positively associated with marine-based diets, as beach sites with the steepest slopes had the highest percent marine diets. Additionally, within-beach variation in transition zone slope was positively correlated with the isotopic niche space of beach lizard populations. Together, these results demonstrate that the physiography of transitional landscapes can mediate resource flow between environments, and variable habitat topography promotes niche diversification within a lizard population.</p> <p>Marine resource subsidization of Puget Sound beach <em>S. occidentalis </em>populations may facilitate occupation of the northwesternmost edge of the species range. </p> <p>Human impacts to the physiography of Puget Sound beaches, such as shoreline armoring, may influence the quantity of driftwood habitat available to support the unique ecology of beach-dwelling <em>S. occidentalis</em>. This highlights the importance of shoreline restoration, and conservation of intact beach habitat.</p>
Data from: Do ditch-side electrical fences improve the breeding productivity of ground-nesting waders?
<p class="MsoNormal">I<span>nsufficient reproduction as a consequence of predation on eggs and chicks is a major determinant of population decline in ground-nesting birds, including waders. For many populations, there is an urgent need to maintain breeding populations at key sites, and conservation practitioners need to find viable management solutions to reduce predation.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">One tool available to the practitioner are fences that exclude key predators from areas containing breeding birds. Temporary electric fencing is an increasingly popular predator exclusion intervention, but such fences have costs associated with purchase and the time needed to erect and maintain them. Their effectiveness and optimal application are also frequently questioned.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">We evaluate the use of temporary ditch-side four-strand electric fences in lowland grasslands in two countries, The Netherlands and England, in areas containing high densities of breeding waders.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In both countries and in all years, godwit and lapwing nest survival was significantly higher within areas enclosed by ditch-side electric fences. Brood survival, assessed for godwits in The Netherlands, was also higher within fenced areas in all years. This demonstrates that using temporary electric fences to enclose ground-nesting birds can be an effective tool for improving breeding productivity.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In our study, closely managed electric fences were effective at excluding red foxes <em>Vulpes vulpes</em>, but not avian and other mammalian predators. The positive effect that electric fencing had on nest and brood survival therefore likely results from a reduction in the total number of visits by mammalian predators, and especially visits by foxes.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Although it requires a substantial time investment throughout the period of use, our temporary electric fence design provides flexibility compared to other fence designs when it comes to enclosing different areas within a season and between years, as the targets for protection change or as land and flood management dictate. <span>This conservation intervention can help buy the time required to develop and implement longer term solutions for application at larger scales.</span></p>
Population expansion, divergence, and persistence in western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) at the northern extreme of their distributional range
<p>Population dynamics within species at the edge of their distributional range, including the formation of genetic structure during range expansion, are difficult to study when they have had limited time to evolve. Western Fence Lizards (<em>Sceloporus occidentalis</em>) have a patchy distribution at the northern edge of their range around the Puget Sound, Washington, where they almost exclusively occur on imperiled coastal habitats. The entire region was covered by Pleistocene glaciation as recently as 16,000 years ago, suggesting that populations must have colonized these habitats relatively recently. We tested for population differentiation across this landscape using genome-wide SNPs and morphological data. A time-calibrated species tree supports the hypothesis of a post-glacial establishment and subsequent population expansion into the region. Despite a strong signal for fine-scale population genetic structure across the Puget Sound with as many as 8–10 distinct subpopulations supported by the SNP data, there is minimal evidence for morphological differentiation at this same spatiotemporal scale. Historical demographic analyses suggest that populations expanded and diverged across the region as the Cordilleran Ice Sheet receded. Population isolation, lack of dispersal corridors, and strict habitat requirements are the key drivers of population divergence in this system. These same factors may prove detrimental to the future persistence of populations as they cope with increasing shoreline development associated with urbanization.</p>
Data From: Advancing fence datasets: Comparing approaches to identify fence locations and specifications in southwest Montana
<p>Fencing is a major anthropogenic feature affecting human relationships, ecological processes, and wildlife distributions and movements, but its impacts are difficult to quantify due to a widespread lack of spatial data. We created a fence model and compared outputs to a fence mapping approach using satellite imagery in two counties in southwest Montana, USA to advance fence data development for use in research and management. The model incorporated road, land cover, ownership, and grazing boundary spatial layers to predict fence locations. We validated the model using data collected on randomized road transects (n = 330). The model predicted 34,706.4 km of fences with a mean fence density of 0.93 km/km<sup>2</sup> and a maximum density of 14.9 km/km<sup>2</sup>. We also digitized fences using Google Earth Pro in a random subset of our study area in survey townships (n = 50). The Google Earth approach showed greater agreement (K = 0.76) with known samples than the fence model (K = 0.56) yet was unable to map fences in forests and was significantly more time intensive. We also compared fence attributes by land ownership and land cover variables to assess factors that may influence fence specifications (e.g., wire heights) and types (e.g., number of barbed wires). Private lands were more likely to have fences with lower bottom wires and higher top wires than those on public lands with sample means at 22 cm and 26.4 cm, and 115.2 cm and 110.97, respectively. Both bottom wire means were well below recommended heights for ungulates navigating underneath fencing (≥ 46 cm), while top wire means were closer to the 107 cm maximum fence height recommendation. We found that both fence type and land ownership were correlated (χ<sup>2 </sup>= 45.52, df = 5, p = 0.001) as well as fence type and land cover type (χ<sup>2 </sup>= 140.73, df = 15, p = 0.001). We provide tools for estimating fence locations, and our novel fence type assessment demonstrates an opportunity for updated policy to encourage the adoption of "wildlife-friendlier" fencing standards to facilitate wildlife movement in the western U.S. while supporting rural livelihoods.</p>
Animal use of fence crossings in Southwestern Rangelands
<p><span>Net-wire fencing built to confine livestock is common on rangelands in the Southwestern USA, yet the impacts of livestock fencing on wildlife are largely unknown. Many wildlife species cross beneath fences at defined crossing locations because they prefer to crawl underneath rather than jump over fences. Animals occasionally become entangled jumping or climbing over fences, leading to injury or death. More commonly, repeated crossings under net-wire fencing by large animals lead to fence damage, though the damage is often tolerated by landowners until the openings affect the ability to enclose livestock. The usage, placement, characteristics, and passage rates of fence crossings beneath net-wire fencing are poorly understood. We monitored 20 randomly selected fence crossings on net-wire livestock fencing across two study sites on rangelands in South Texas, USA, from April 2018–March 2019. We assessed characteristics of fence-crossing locations (openings beneath the fence created by animals to aid in crossing) and quantified crossing rates and probability of crossing by all species of animals via trail cameras. We documented 10,889 attempted crossing events, with 58% (n = 6,271) successful. Overall, 15 species of medium- and large-size mammals and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) contributed to crossing events. Crossing locations received 3–4 crossing attempts per day on average, but the number of attempts and probability of successful crossing varied by location and fence condition. Probability of crossing attempts was most consistently influenced by opening size of the crossing and season; as crossing size (opening) increased, the probability of successful crossing significantly increased for all species. Peaks in crossing activity corresponded with species' daily and seasonal movements and activity. Density and size of fence-crossing locations were dependent on fence maintenance and not associated with vegetation communities or habitat variables. However, crossing locations were often re-established in the same locations after fence repairs. This is one of the few studies to monitor how all animal species present interacted with net-wire livestock fencing in rangelands. Our results will help land managers understand the impact of net-wire livestock fencing on animal movement. </span></p>
Figure 98. Four localities where Saratus hesperus has been found. 1, Fence near Canberra. 2, Vineyard near Canberra. 3 in Five new peacock spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878 and Saratus, new genus)
Figure 98. Four localities where Saratus hesperus has been found. 1, Fence near Canberra. 2, Vineyard near Canberra. 3, Enfield, NSW. 4, Girraween National Park, QLD. Photos 1-2 by Stuart Harris, 3-4 by Michael Doe.
Fence #3 [Photogrammetry]
RealityCapture > Houdini workflow using a node I'm slowly chipping in and creating quick and optimal bakes and previews ! Slowly coming in and getting the workflow more and more automated <3 As usual, free to download, don't forget to mention me if you use it please ! Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
old wooden fence
old wooded fence .you can use it freely . im super new so dont expect too much and if i did somthing wrong let me know pls Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data for: Compensating for a stressful pregnancy? Glucocorticoid treatment during gravidity reduces metabolic rate in female fence lizards post-parturition (In press: Hormones and Behavior)
<p>This dataset accompanies the paper "Compensating for a stressful pregnancy? Glucocorticoid treatment during gravidity reduces metabolic rate in female fence lizards post-parturition" (In press: Hormones and Behavior). A READ_ME/metadata explanation is available in Sheet 1. Address any queries to Dr. K. MacLeod, kirstyjmacleod@gmail.com.</p> <p>Abstract: Reproduction is a critical part of an animal’s life history, but one which incurs significant costs to survival and future reproductive potential. These physiological consequences are likely to be influenced by context – for example, if an individual is subject to environmental stressors, physiological and behavioral changes associated with reproduction may be altered. Glucocorticoids, hormones produced as part of the physiological response to stressors, may alter how reproduction affects female physiology and behavior, and therefore the outcomes of reproductive trade-offs. Glucocorticoids prioritize immediate survival over reproduction, for example through changes in immune function, metabolic rate, and foraging, which may reduce energy expenditure or increase energy gain. However, we previously found that female eastern fence lizards (<em>Sceloporus undulatus</em>) experiencing elevated glucocorticoid levels during gestation were nevertheless able to maintain reproductive output and body condition. Here we investigate compensatory mechanisms by which eastern fence lizard females may maintain reproduction under experimental increases in a glucocorticoid, corticosterone (CORT). We found that, although CORT-treated females had similar immune function and behavior, they had reduced metabolic rates 3-5 days post-parturition compared to control females. Given that CORT-treated females spent a similar time basking and had equal food intake compared to control females, we suggest that the reduced metabolic rate is a mechanism by which CORT-treated females maintain their energy balance and reduce the energetic costs of gestation during periods of stress. This study suggests that physiological responses to reproduction may be context-dependent and could act to minimize costs of reproduction in situations where CORT is elevated (such as during periods of environmental stress). </p>
Fencing farm dams to exclude livestock halves methane emissions and improves water quality
<p>Agricultural practices have created tens of millions of small artificial water bodies ("farm dams" or "agricultural ponds") to provide water for domestic livestock worldwide. Among freshwater ecosystems, farm dams have some of the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per m<sup>2</sup> due to fertilizer and manure run-off boosting methane production – an extremely potent GHG. However, management strategies to mitigate the substantial emissions from millions of farm dams remain unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that installing fences to exclude livestock could reduce nutrients, improve water quality, and lower aquatic GHG emissions. We established a large-scale experiment spanning 400 km across south-eastern Australia where we compared unfenced (N = 33) and fenced farm dams (N = 31) within 17 livestock farms. Fenced farm dams recorded 32% less dissolved nitrogen, 39% less dissolved phosphorus, 22% more dissolved oxygen, and produced 56% less diffusive methane emissions than unfenced dams. We found no effect of farm dam management on diffusive carbon dioxide emissions and on the organic carbon in the soil. Dissolved oxygen was the most important variable explaining changes in carbon fluxes across dams, whereby doubling dissolved oxygen from 5 to 10 mg L<sup>-1</sup> led to a 74% decrease in methane fluxes, a 124% decrease in carbon dioxide fluxes, and a 96% decrease in CO<sub>2</sub>-eq (CH<sub>4</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes. Dams with very high dissolved oxygen (>10 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) showed a switch from positive to negative CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. (CO<sub>2</sub> + CH<sub>4</sub>) fluxes (i.e., negative radiative balance), indicating a positive contribution to reducing atmospheric warming. Our results demonstrate that simple management actions can dramatically improve water quality and decrease methane emissions while contributing to more productive and sustainable farming.</p>
wooden fence
wooden fence you can use it freely . im super new so dont expect too much and if i did somthing wrong let me know pls Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Colorbond Fence, Open
Based off the 'Woodland Grey' colour. Dimensions accurate. Exported from Rhino 7. Designed to be strung together Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Bats use live fences to move between tropical dry forest remnants
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Hybrid zone analysis using coalescent-based estimates of introgression and migration in plateau fence lizards (Sceloporus tristichus)
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Population expansion, divergence, and persistence in western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) at the northern extreme of their distributional range
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Fencing farm dams to exclude livestock halves methane emissions and improves water quality
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Evaluating the feasibility of using downwind methods to quantify point source oil and gas emissions using continuous monitoring fence-line sensors
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Data from: Do ditch-side electrical fences improve the breeding productivity of ground-nesting waders?
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Seasonal distribution and fencing effect for water deer and wild boar in an urban forest fringe area
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OpenNeuro
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