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90 results for “fens”
Water table level data from APEX Fen plots, 2005-2006
Water table level data from a soil climate manipulation experiment in an Alaskan rich fen (APEX). APEX Fen is located in the Bonanza Creek LTER outside of Fairbanks, AK. APEX Fen uses a full-factorial water table (flooded or raised- APEXele, lowered or drained- APEXlow, and control treatments- APEXcon, as well as a moisture gradient) by warming manipulation (warmed, unwarmed treatment). Automated water table measurements were collected in each plot using a pressure transducer and a datalogger.
Data from: Can Sphagnum removal reverse undesired succession of rich fens under different alkalinity and fertility levels?
<p>Dataset, PCA results and species responses to both experiments as an addition to paper with the title "Can <em>Sphagnum</em> removal reverse undesired succession of rich fens under different alkalinity and fertility levels?"</p>
Fine-root biomass production, sedge root, sedge leaf, and moss shoot decomposition, soil water-table level, and temperature data from two sedge fens in Finland
<p>Dataset including fine-root biomass production, mass loss of sedge (<em>Carex rostrata</em>) roots and leaves, and moss (<em>Sphagnum</em> <em>fallax</em>) shoots, along with environmental data (soil water-table level, air temperature, soil temperature at 5 cm, and soil temperature at 15 cm) from two sedge fens located in southern Finland (Lakkasuo, Orivesi, 61°48' N 24°19'E) and northern Finland (Lompolojänkkä, Kittilä, 68°N 24°12'E). Data are from a climate change experiment, where warming was induced with open top chambers (OTCs) and drying with shallow ditching. Data are from years 2011-2013.</p>
Fig. 2 in Testate Amoeba Diversity of a Poor Fen on Mineral Soil in the Hilly Area of Central Honshu, Japan
Fig. 2. Sample-based testate amoeba species accumulation curve for all three samples collected in the sampling site of the poor fen on mineral soil. The bars are standard deviations.
Nitrogen Fixation Responses in Sphagnum Mosses to N-Additions to an Alberta Poor Fen, 2012-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). Between June and August of each year, we measured N2-fixation using the acetylene reduction technique between 2012 and 2015Averaged across all measurement dates, whether described by a linear or segmented regression, N2-fixation rates decreased with increasing N addition. N2-fixation rates were not different between the water addition only treatments and the control treatments (p = 0.44). While increasing N deposition may not substantively change total inputs of new N to bogs, the form of new N inputs shifts to inorganic N in deposition, rather than organic N produced by the microorganisms that are fixing N2.
Cellulose, Peat, and Mixed Vegetation in situ Decomposition in a Fen Exposed to Increasing Nitrogen Treatments, 2012-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). We examined the effects of N addition on cellulose, peat, and mixed vegetation placed in the fen from 2012-2015 and collected after 5 and 17 months. Decomposition of cellulose filter paper increased with increasing N addition; the slopes of the responses did not differ between years, although decomposition was faster for filter paper placed in the field in 2014 than in either 2012 or 2013. In contrast, decomposition of Sphagnum moss was unaffected by N addition. Vascular plant litter decomposition decreased with N addition in 2015, but not 2014, Water addition alone had no significant effect on cellulose decomposition k values in any of the three years (p > 0.26) or on vascular plant litter mass in either year (p = 0.81). However, Sphagnum mass loss was significantly higher in the control treatment than in 0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 treatment (p = 0.0046) averaged over the two years of decomposition. Assessment of decomposition and its controls may be especially important in peatlands, as the development and persistence of peat depends on an excess of NPP over decomposition throughout the peat profile. There is evidence that increasing N deposition/availability stimulates cellulose decomposition in surface fen peat, as we found previously at Mariana Lake Bog, however, bog material decomposition appears to be more complicated.
Net N mineralization rates in peat from N-Addition plots in an Alberta Poor Fen, 2011-2014
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). From 2011 through 2014, we quantified net N mineralization in each plot using the in situ buried polyethylene bag technique. Concentrations of initial KCl-extractable NH4+-N, NO3--N, and DIN in the top 10 cm of peat were unaffected by N inputs. We hypothesized that as N deposition increases to a level that exceeds the capacity of the fen vegetation to take up N, net N mineralization in surface peat would be inhibited by higher NH4+-N availability, net nitrification would be stimulated by higher NH4+-N availability, and concentrations of DIN in porewater at the top of the water table would increase, as DIN bypasses interception by the ground layer vegetation. None of these hypotheses was supported. Experimentally added NH4+-N and NO3--N apparently appear to be rapidly immobilized. This immobilization prevents experimentally added DIN from moving downward through the peat to the bog water table.
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Bacteria and Fungi in Poor Fen Peat Exposed to Experimentally Increased N Deposition, 2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). In July of 2015 we measured PLFA markers in two depths in each plot. Fungal abundance increased at N addition levels above 16.6 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and total bacterial abundance also increased at N addition levels above 17.1 kg N ha-1 yr-1, such that the fungal:bacterial ratio was not significantly affected by N addition. Total microbial, gram-negative bacterial, and actinomycete abundance also showed an apparent threshold responses to N addition at 16-17 kg N ha-1 yr-1 addition levels.It may be that more sensitive/targeted techniques, such as high-throughput pyrosequencing, 16s RNA clone library analysis and rRNA-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or whole genome shotgun sequencing may be required to reveal detailed fen microbial community responses to N loading.
Point Frame Measurements of Poor Fen Moss and Vascular Frequencies Under Increasing N Deposition Over Five Years, 2011-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). Anchored point frames were established at each plot and measure at 30 points along the frame each year in July. We used absolute frequencies of Sphagna and vascular plants to examine species and community responses to N treatment. Increasing N input led to led to decreased abundance of S. fuscum and increased abundance of S. angustifolium, S. magellanicum, Andromeda polifolia, Vaccinium oxycoccos, and of vascular plants in general. For dominant shrubs and all vascular species combined, N addition had no effect in the first two years, but frequencies increased with increasing N addition in 2013-2015. Pairwise year comparisons indicated a gradual change in plant species composition as the experiment progressed. Of the 21 pairwise comparisons between nominal N treatments, 18 were significant, indicating a clear influence of N addition on plant community composition. These results suggest that bogs that have persisted under very low ambient N deposition may be especially sensitive to increasing N deposition, in terms of plant species’ relative abundances and plant community composition.
Nitrogen Deposition to an Alberta Poor Fen as Measured with Mixed-bed Ion Exchange Resin Tube Collectors, 2011-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). Resin tubes filled with mixed-bed ion exchange resin were swapped in and out at each collection/deployment date (mid-May and mid-October of each year). Upon collection, resins were extracted with 1M KI and analyzed for inorganic N concentrations. Over all ion exchange resin tube collection dates, deposition of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and dissolved inorganic N (DIN; NH4+-N + NO3--N) averaged 240 ± 29, 318 ± 27, and 557 ± 41 µg m-2 da-1, values that are equivalent to 0.87 ± 0.10, 1.16 ± 0.10, and 2.03 ± 0.15 kg N ha-1 yr-1. While NH4+-N deposition was higher in the growing season than in non-growing season (p = 0.0006), NO3--N deposition was higher in non-growing season than during the growing season (p = 0.0052), with the net result being no seasonal difference in DIN deposition (p = 0.6428).
Vascular Root Biomass and Production at Two Depths in an Alberta Poor Fen Subjected to Increasing Nitrogen Deposition, 2014-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). From 2014-2015, we examined the effects of N addition on root production by measuring root biomass at two depths and root production over one and two years. Root biomass, measured in 2014, increased with increasing N addition in the 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth increments. Root production increased with increasing N addition in the 0-15 cm, but not the 15-30 cm depth increment; annual root production in the 0-15 cm depth increment was higher when ingrowth bags remained in the peat for two growing seasons, compared to first-year root production. As a result, over the top 30 cm, annual root production was greater when ingrowth bags were in the peat for two growing seasons. We expected a threshold N addition level associated with stimulation of root production but found no evidence of such a threshold at Mariana Lake Poor Fen. Given the rather consistent finding increasing N deposition stimulates aboveground vascular plant biomass and production, and our results that root biomass and production at Mariana Lakes Bog are stimulated as well, further work on belowground responses seems warranted.
Sphagnum fuscum Growth and N Concentration in an Alberta Poor Fen Subjected to Increasing Nitrogen Deposition, 2011-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). Data collected of the growing season using the crank wire method allowed for the calculation of NPP of the dominant 3 mosses. Tissues were also collected and analyzed for total Nitrogen and Carbon. While we found a modest increase in linear growth and net primary production of S. magellanicum with increasing N addition in three of the 5 years, S. fuscum and S. angustifolium growth were unaffected by N addition. At Mariana Lake Bog, S. fuscum linear growth was unaffected by N addition, although there was evidence for inhibition of NPP S. angustifolium linear growth and NPP were stimulated by fertilization in the first year of fertilization, but by the fourth year fertilization had no effect. Sphagnum capitulum N concentrations were also unaffected by N addition. Given the paucity of data on Sphagnum growth in boreal acidic poor fens, with or without experimental N addition, it is difficult to make generalizations, although it appears that S. fuscum, S. magellanicum, and S. angustifolium responses to increasing N deposition may be species-specific and may differ between bogs and acidic poor fens with much of the N coming from N-fixation.
Peatland Vascular Plant Leaf N Concentrations (5 species) From Leaves collected from N-Addition plots in an Alberta Poor Fen, 2011-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). In July of each year, we collected new growth of 5 species of vascular plants, returned them to the lab, cleaned them, dried and ground them, and ran them on a Flash EA 1112 Series CN Soil Analyzer Leaf N concentrations in C. calyculata, A. polifolia, and V. oxycoccos increased significantly with increasing N addition (Fig. 5). For C. calyculata and A. polifolia, there were differences in N concentrations between years, but the regression slopes describing the response to N addition were consistent across all years. Leaf N concentrations were unaffected by N addition for E. vaginatum and S. palustris, with the latter exhibiting interannual differences in leaf N concentrations. Water addition alone had no significant effect on N concentrations for any of the vascular plant species (p >= 0.67).
Pore water concentrations of Nitrogen from N-Addition plots in an Alberta Poor Fen, 2011-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). We collected surface pore water from all plots several times a year throughout the 5 year experiment. Over the 5 years of the study, porewater NH4+-N, NO3--N, and DON concentrations at the top of the poor fen water table were unaffected by N addition (p = 0.06, 0.30, 0.16, respectively). However, porewater NH4+-N, NO3--N, and DON concentrations were substantially higher in 2011 than in 2012-2015 (Fig. 11). Water addition alone had no significant effect on porewater concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3--N, or DON (p > 0.99). We hypothesized that as N deposition increases to a level that exceeds the capacity of the fen vegetation to take up N, net N mineralization in surface peat would be inhibited by higher NH4+-N availability, net nitrification would be stimulated by higher NH4+-N availability, and concentrations of DIN in porewater at the top of the water table would increase, as DIN bypasses interception by the ground layer vegetation. None of these hypotheses was supported with nitrogen being immediately taken up by vegetation. It is unclear if longer term study would reveal similar responses.
APEX fen control plot soil temperatures, 2005-Present
Soil temperature measurements were recorded hourly at an array of depth at APEX alpha Fen from June 2005-Dec 2006. APEX Fen is located in the Bonanza Creek LTER outside of Fairbanks, AK. APEX Fen uses a full-factorial water table (flooded or raised, lowered or drained, and control treatments, as well as a moisture gradient) by warming manipulation (warmed, unwarmed treatment).
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) data from APEX Fen, 2005 - 2006
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) data from the all plots of a soil climate manipulation experiment in an Alaskan rich fen (APEX). APEX Fen is located in the Bonanza Creek LTER outside of Fairbanks, AK. APEX Fen uses a full-factorial water table (flooded or raised, lowered or drained, and control treatments, as well as a moisture gradient) by warming manipulation (warmed, unwarmed treatment). We predicted that successional changes in vegetation due to our experiment would change incident PAR levels at the soil surface.
Core Meteorological Measurements for the APEX Alpha Fen Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest: 2007-Present
Air temperature, relitive humidity, barometric pressure, net radiation, and precipitation were recorded every half hour at the APEX alpha Fen. APEX Fen is located in the Bonanza Creek LTER outside of Fairbanks, AK. APEX Fen uses a full-factorial water table (flooded or raised, lowered or drained, and control treatments, as well as a moisture gradient) by warming manipulation (warmed, unwarmed treatment).
Ground temperature & ground water content (20, 40, 60cm depth) in Katterjokk fen site, 2019-2020
<p>Sub-hourly ground temperature (GT) and water content (GWC) collected in a fen site in Katterjokk, northern Sweden, for 2019 and 2020. Depths are 20cm (Port 3), 40 cm (Port 2) and 60cm (Port 1).</p> <p>The data was collected with Teros 12 sensors, and is provided as raw data and calibrated (configured.xlsx file) for organic soils as described by the seller. (<a href="https://www.metergroup.com/en/meter-environment/products/teros-12/teros-12-resources">https://www.metergroup.com/en/meter-environment/products/teros-12/teros-12-resources</a><br><br><br></p>
Neighboring edges: interacting edge effects of linear disturbances on vegetation in treed fens
<p>The influence of edges on forest biodiversity is an important environmental effect associated with habitat fragmentation, as edge effects can further reduce the remaining 'interior' habitat. However, extrapolating the influence of edges across the broader landscape has been difficult, especially regarding how to treat multiple edges in close proximity, where edge effects might interact. In this study, we examined the interaction of edge effects for multiple edges from a dense network of narrow (3-8 m wide) and low-severity linear disturbances called 'seismic lines'. Seismic lines are created during oil and gas exploration and are responsible for severe dissection of boreal forests in western Canada. Specifically, our objectives were to: (1) to compare the edge influence of "wide" (~8 m) and "narrow" (~3 m) seismic lines; and (2) to determine whether edges in close proximity show interaction of edge influences, i.e. do multiple narrow seismic lines have a stronger or weaker edge influence than a single narrow seismic line. We sampled vegetation along transects perpendicular to seismic lines in treed moderate-rich and poor fens. We used randomization tests of edge influence to calculate the magnitude and distance of edge effects. In moderate-rich fens, we found a positive edge influence on understory diversity from both wide and narrow seismic lines. We also found a weakening edge interaction on diversity, i.e., single narrow seismic lines had a stronger edge influence on diversity than multiple narrow seismic lines. In treed poor fens, multiple narrow seismic lines had a negative edge effect on tree density, understory abundance, richness, and composition. In addition, we found strengthening edge interactions in treed poor fens on tree density, graminoid cover, and understory composition. Our results show how assessing the edge influence of multiple disturbances can provide a better understanding of the cumulative effects of habitat fragmentation.</p>
Physiological responses of fen mosses along a nitrogen gradient point to competition restricting their fundamental niches
<p>Nutrient availability determines vegetation patterns and ecological functioning of intact groundwater-fed peatlands (fens). Bryophytes, commonly referred to as 'brown mosses', dominate calcareous fens (rich fens), are an integral part of their unique biodiversity and contribute significantly to peat formation and carbon sequestration. Brown mosses are replaced by vascular plants as nutrient availability increases. The decline of brown mosses may either be due to their physiological intolerance of high nutrient levels or to them being outcompeted by vascular plants. We aimed to distinguish between these two hypotheses by investigating whether the ecological optima reflect the physiological optima of brown mosses. Eight brown moss species, common in calcareous fens of the northern hemisphere, were grown under a gradient of nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Biomass increment, chlorophyll content and biomass nutrient concentration were measured. All brown moss species studied achieved the highest growth rates and chlorophyll contents when grown under conditions of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations higher than those where they occur naturally at the highest frequency. Two of the species showed no growth saturation even at the highest levels of nutrient availability, while the others appeared potassium-limited at the highest N and P levels. Brown mosses dominate natural fens at the lower edge of their physiological optimum in terms of nutrient availability, i.e., their realized niche is much narrower than the fundamental one. Based on the literature, we argue that it is the competition for light with vascular plants which limits the occurrence of brown mosses in nutrient-rich habitats and prevents them from occupying their entire fundamental niche.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.