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Fig. 1 in Nocturnal floral scent profiles of Myrtaceae fruit crops

Fig. 1. Total absolute amount of scent (ng of scent per hour and per flower) trapped from the studied species of Myrtaceae. Different letters indicate significant differences among species (Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA followed by post hoc tests). * Data of C. phaea are from Cordeiro et al. (2017).

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Fig. 4 in Nocturnal floral scent profiles of Myrtaceae fruit crops

Fig. 4. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) used to display semiquantitative differences in scent profiles among scent samples collected from the ten studied species of Myrtaceae.

FIGURE 4. Spathiphyllum wilfridianum. A. Cultivated adult plant. B in Two new species of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) from Tabasco, Mexico with notes on their floral scent

FIGURE 4. Spathiphyllum wilfridianum. A. Cultivated adult plant. B. Adaxial view of the blade. C. Portion of petioles showing entire sheath margins (arrow). D. Inflorescence showing spathe and spadix in anthesis. E. Pistils. Photos by P. Díaz Jiménez.

FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) from Tabasco, Mexico with notes on their floral scent

FIGURE 3. Visitors to the inflorescences of Spathiphyllum maldonadianum in the male phase. A. Euglossa sp. B. Plebeia sp. Photos by P. Díaz Jiménez.

FIGURE 2. Spathiphyllum maldonadianum. A in Two new species of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) from Tabasco, Mexico with notes on their floral scent

FIGURE 2. Spathiphyllum maldonadianum. A. Adult plant in the understory. B. View of the leaf showing the length of the petiole, the end of the sheath (arrow) away from the geniculum, and the adaxial surface of the blade. C. Immature infructescence. D. Inflorescence showing spathe and spadix in anthesis. E. Pistils. Photos by P. Díaz Jiménez.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) from Tabasco, Mexico with notes on their floral scent

FIGURE 1. Map showing the collection sites of Spathiphyllum maldonadianum (red dots) and S. wilfridianum (red triangle) in the state of Tabasco. The floral scent of S. maldonadianum was collected in situ in Pomoquita (bottom red dot) and of S. wilfridianum from a cultivated plant in Comalcalco (red star; cultivated individual).

FIGURE 3 in Buddleja caryopteridifolia (Scrophulariaceae), a species to be recognized based on morphology, floral scent, and AFLP data

FIGURE 3. PCoA plots of the first two components of B. crispa (Cr) and B. caryopteridifolia (Ca), based on the AFLP data, 5, 4 populations for each species, and cumulative percentage of three principal components (cum%) of 11.57, 17.65 and 21.94 %. The population labels used are given in Table 1.

FIGURE 4 in Buddleja caryopteridifolia (Scrophulariaceae), a species to be recognized based on morphology, floral scent, and AFLP data

FIGURE 4. UPGMA phenogram based on Nei's genetic distances. The populations of B. crispa and B. caryopteridifolia were indicated using blue and red color, respectively. The population labels used are given in Table 1.

FIGURE 2 in Buddleja caryopteridifolia (Scrophulariaceae), a species to be recognized based on morphology, floral scent, and AFLP data

FIGURE 2. Principal component analysis of a leaf morphometrics, and b single flower morphometrics. The first and the second axis account for, repectively, 97.73 and 2.10 % (a), 85.62 and 7.85 % (b) of the total variation. Cross: NX_Cr; filled square: DR_Cr; circle: XC_Cr; triangle: NX_Ca; star: DR_Ca; oval: XC_Ca. LL, leaf length; LW, leaf width; L/W, the ratio of leaf length/width; CL, the calyx length; CD, corolla diameter; CLL, corolla lobe length; TL, tube length; TD, tube diameter; PL, pistil length (including the length of ovary and pistil); DPS, distance between pistil and stamen.

FIGURE 1 in Buddleja caryopteridifolia (Scrophulariaceae), a species to be recognized based on morphology, floral scent, and AFLP data

FIGURE 1. Study sites along hot-warm and hot-dry valleys of Jinsha River in China. Red circle: B. crispa, blue square: B. caryopteridifolia, pink star: sympatric populations of B. crispa and B. caryopteridifolia.

FIGURE 6 in Buddleja caryopteridifolia (Scrophulariaceae), a species to be recognized based on morphology, floral scent, and AFLP data

FIGURE 6. Cluster analysis (based on the Euclidean distance) using the average relative amounts of 36 compounds (Table 5) collected from four populations (B. crispa: Cr; B. caryopteridifolia: Ca). The populations of B. crispa and B. caryopteridifolia were indicated using blue and red color, respectively. The population labels were given in Table 1.

FIGURE 5 in Buddleja caryopteridifolia (Scrophulariaceae), a species to be recognized based on morphology, floral scent, and AFLP data

FIGURE 5. NJ tree (similar to MP tree) of 72 B. crispa individuals and 48 B. caryopteridifolia individuals, based on 392 band positions obtained with three AFLP primer pair combinations. The bootstrap values (NJ/MP, only ≥50%) were shown on the branches. The populations of B. crispa and B. caryopteridifolia were indicated using blue and red color, respectively. The population labels were given in Table 1.

Fig. 6 in Biosynthesis and emission of methyl hexanoate, the major constituent of floral scent of a night-blooming water lily Victoria cruziana

Fig. 6. Gene expression pattern of VcSABATH1 (A) and VcSABATH3 (B) in four different parts of V. cruziana flowers. Gene transcript levels were measured using RT-qPCR with VcGADPH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) gene as the internal control. The reactions were performed with three biological repeats, and the data was calculated by 2 ΔΔCT method. The highest levels of expression for each gene were arbitrarily set as 1.0. Different letters denote statistically significant differences among the means according to ANOVA analysis (P <0.05).

Fig. 7 in Biosynthesis and emission of methyl hexanoate, the major constituent of floral scent of a night-blooming water lily Victoria cruziana

Fig. 7. The phylogenetic analysis of VcSABATHs with the SABATH genes identified from N. corolata, non-seed and model species. 39 full-length proteins starting with "Os" are from rice, 24 proteins starting with "At" are from Arabidopsis, seven full-length proteins starting with "NC" are from Nymphaea colorata, five proteins starting with "Pa" are from Picea abies, three proteins starting with "Pt" are from poplar and three proteins starting with "Vc" are from V. cruziana. IAMT: indole-3-acetic acid MT; SAMT: salicylic acid MT; JAMT: jasmonic acid MT; GAMT: gibberellic acid MT; BSMT: benzoic acid/salicylic acid MT; FAMT: farnesoic acid MT. PpSABATH1 from the moss Physcomitrella patterns (Zhao et al., 2012) was used as an outgroup. Bootstrap values of 50 % or higher are indicated. The water lily-specific cluster was shaded.

Fig. 5 in Biosynthesis and emission of methyl hexanoate, the major constituent of floral scent of a night-blooming water lily Victoria cruziana

Fig. 5. GC chromatogram of product of methyltransferase enzyme assays for VcSABATH1-3. The assay conducted with proteins expressed in E. coli with pET32a without any gene insert (empty vector) was used as a negative control. Also shown was the GC chromatogram of the authentic standard methyl hexanoate. Hexanoic acid was used as substrate. While no product was detected from the VcSABATH2 assay, both VcSABATH1 and VcSABATH3 catalyzed the formation of methyl hexanoate (peak 1).

Fig. 4 in Biosynthesis and emission of methyl hexanoate, the major constituent of floral scent of a night-blooming water lily Victoria cruziana

Fig. 4. Multiple sequence alignment of VcSABATHs with selected known SABATHs. Conserved residues are in shade with the more conserved the darker. Residues indicated with "&" are S-adenosyl-L-methionine-binding residues. Residues indicated with "*" are residues that interact with the carboxyl moiety of substrate. CbSAMT, Clarkia breweri salicylic acid methyltransferase (accession No. AAF00108.1); NcDEMT, Nymphaea colorata decanoic acid methyltransferase (accession No. NC11G0120830).

Fig. 3 in Biosynthesis and emission of methyl hexanoate, the major constituent of floral scent of a night-blooming water lily Victoria cruziana

Fig. 3. Emission dynamic of floral volatiles from V. cruziana flowers during two consecutive days of blooming and closing. A, representative flower at four stages during blooming. B, the emission dynamics of total volatiles. C, the emission dynamcis of benzenoids. D. the emission dynamics of methyl hexanoate. Different letters denote statistically significant differences among the means according to ANOVA analysis (P <0.05).

Fig. 1 in Biosynthesis and emission of methyl hexanoate, the major constituent of floral scent of a night-blooming water lily Victoria cruziana

Fig. 1. The identification of volatiles emitted from the flowers of V. cruziana. A, the chromatogram of the volatile emission from the flower during the first bloom. The four peaks were identified as methyl hexanoate (peak 1), benzyl alcohol (peak 2), benzyl 2-methylbutanoate (peak 3), and benzyl tiglate (peak 4). IS stands for internal standard, nonyl acetate. B, chromatogram of three authentic compounds. Peak a1: methyl hexanoate; peak a2: benzyl alcohol (peak 2); peak a3: benzyl tiglate. C. mass spectrum of three compounds from flowers (peaks 1, 2 and 4) and their corresponding authentic standard (peaks a1, a2 and a3).

Fig. 2 in Biosynthesis and emission of methyl hexanoate, the major constituent of floral scent of a night-blooming water lily Victoria cruziana

Fig. 2. Emission of floral volatiles from different of parts of V. cruziana flowers. Intact fully opened flowers were separated into petals, pistils, sepals and stamen, which were subject to headspace collection and GC-MS analysis. In addition to total volatiles (VOCs), the emissions of methyl hexanoate and benzenoids were analyzed separately.