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59 results for “flying fox”
Population genetic structure of the insular Ryukyu flying fox Pteropus dasymallus
<p>Small isolated populations are vulnerable to both stochastic events and the negative consequences of genetic drift. For threatened species, the genetic management of such populations has therefore become a crucial aspect of conservation. Flying foxes (<i>Pteropus</i> spp, Chiroptera) are keystone species with essential roles in pollination and seed dispersal in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. However, many flying fox species are also threatened, having experienced dramatic population declines driven by habitat loss and hunting. The insular Ryukyu flying fox (<i>Pteropus dasymallus</i>) ranges from the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan through Taiwan to the northern Philippines and has undergone precipitous population crashes on several islands in recent decades. To assess the population genetic structure and diversity in <i>P. dasymallus</i>, and its likely causes, we analyzed mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA. Both markers showed significant genetic differentiation among most island populations, with mitochondrial haplotypes showing some mixing across the region, likely reflecting historical colonization and/or dispersal events. In contrast, microsatellite markers showed an overall pattern of isolation by distance; however, this pattern appeared to be driven by the presence of deep ocean trenches between geographically distant populations. Thus the current distribution of<i> P. dasymallus</i> and its subspecific diversity appears to have arisen through vicariance coupled with a long history of restricted gene flow across oceanic barriers. We conclude that isolated island subgroups should be managed separately, with efforts directed at reducing further declines in genetic diversity.</p>
Variety is the spice of life: flying-foxes exploit a variety of native and exotic food plants in an urban landscape mosaic
<p><span>Generally, urbanization is a major threat to biodiversity; however, urban areas also provide habitats that some species can exploit. Flying-foxes (<em>Pteropus</em> spp.) are becoming increasingly urbanized; which is thought to be a result of increased availability and temporal stability of urban food resources, diminished natural food resources, or both. Previous research has shown that urban-roosting grey-headed flying-foxes (<em>Pteropus</em> <em>poliocephalus</em>) preferentially forage in human-modified landscapes. However, which land-use areas and food plants support its presence in urban areas is unknown. We tracked nine <em>P</em>. <em>poliocephalus</em> roosting in Adelaide, South Australia, between December 2019 and May 2020, using global positioning systems (GPS), to investigate how individuals used the urban landscape mosaic for feeding. The most frequently visited land-use category was "residential" (40% of fixes) followed by "road-side," "reserves" and "primary production" (13–14% each). However, "reserves" were visited four times more frequently than expected from their areal availability, followed by the "residential" and "road-side" categories that were visited approximately twice more than expected each; in contrast, the "primary production" category was visited approximately five times less than expected. These results suggest that while residential areas provide most foraging resources supporting Adelaide's flying-fox population, reserves contain foraging resources that are particularly attractive to <em>P</em>. <em>poliocephalus</em>. Primary production land was relatively less utilized, presumably because it contains few food resources. Throughout, flying-foxes visited an eclectic mixture of diet plants (49 unique species), with a majority of feeding fixes (63%) to locally indigenous Australian native species; however, in residential areas 53% of feeding visits were to non-locally indigenous species, vs only 13% in reserves. Flowering and fruiting phenology records of the food plants visited further indicated that non-locally indigenous species increase the temporal availability of foraging resources for <em>P</em>. <em>poliocephalus</em> in urban Adelaide. Our findings demonstrate the importance of residential areas for urban-roosting <em>P</em>. <em>poliocephalus</em>, and suggest that the anthropogenic mixture of food resources available in the urban landscape mosaic supports the species' year-round presence in urban areas. Our results further highlight the importance of conserving natural habitats within the urban landscape mosaic, and stress the need for accounting for wildlife responses to urban greening initiatives.</span></p>
Figure 1 in Roost characteristics and habitat preferences of Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) in urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan
Figure 1. GIS-based map of Jinnah garden showing roosts of Indian flying fox populations.
Black Flying Fox Winter Diet Species from GBIF
<p>List of black flying fox winter diet species locations downloaded from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility used for analysis in "Native and Non-native Winter Foraging Resources Do Not Explain Black Flying Fox Winter Roost Occupancy, authored by Baranowski and Bharti. 2024. </p>
Fig. 1 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 1. Map of the southwest Pacific region. Adapted from Steadman (2006b).
Fig. 12 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 12. Skull of USNM 8597/37860, lectotype of Pteropus samoensis Peale, 1848. Scale bar 5 10 mm.
Fig. 3 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 3. The fragmentary holotype skin of Pteropus allenorum (ANSP 1234, preserved in alcohol).
Data and code from: Controlled hyperthermia by flying-foxes in the wild: Understanding mammalian tolerance to hotter summer conditions
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Data from: Impact assessment of the Australian 2019-20 megafires on roost sites of the vulnerable grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)
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Population genetic structure of the insular Ryukyu flying fox Pteropus dasymallus
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Variety is the spice of life: flying-foxes exploit a variety of native and exotic food plants in an urban landscape mosaic
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On following pages: 177. Bonin Flying Fox (Pteropus pselaphon); 178. Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pteropus pumilus); 179. Lyle's Flying Fox (Pteropus lylei); 180. Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus medius); 181. Rodrigues Flying Fox (Pteropus rodricensis); 182. Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus); 183. Aldabra Flying Fox (Pteropus aldabrensis); 184. Malagasy Flying Fox (Pteropus rufus); 185. Seychelles Flying Fox (Pteropus seychellensis); 186. Greater Mascarene Flying Fox (Pteropus nigen; 187. Aru Flying Fox (Pteropus aruensis); 188. Kai Flying Fox (Pteropus keyensis); 189. Black-bearded Flying Fox (Pteropus melanopogon); 190. South Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus chrysoproctus); 191. North Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus caniceps). in Pteropodidae
On following pages: 177. Bonin Flying Fox (Pteropus pselaphon); 178. Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pteropus pumilus); 179. Lyle's Flying Fox (Pteropus lylei); 180. Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus medius); 181. Rodrigues Flying Fox (Pteropus rodricensis); 182. Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus); 183. Aldabra Flying Fox (Pteropus aldabrensis); 184. Malagasy Flying Fox (Pteropus rufus); 185. Seychelles Flying Fox (Pteropus seychellensis); 186. Greater Mascarene Flying Fox (Pteropus nigen; 187. Aru Flying Fox (Pteropus aruensis); 188. Kai Flying Fox (Pteropus keyensis); 189. Black-bearded Flying Fox (Pteropus melanopogon); 190. South Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus chrysoproctus); 191. North Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus caniceps).
On following pages: 164. Common Samoan Flying Fox (Pteropus samoensis); 165. Banks Flying Fox (Pteropus fundatus); 166. Vanuatu Flying Fox (Pteropus anetianus); 167. Vanikoro Flying Fox (Pteropus tuberculatus); 168. Temotu Flying Fox (Pteropus nitendiensis); 169. Solomons Flying Fox (Pteropus rayneri); 170. Makira Flying Fox (Pteropus cognatus); 171. Rennell Flying Fox (Pteropus rennell)); 172. Temminck's Flying Fox (Pteropus temminckii); 173. Gray-headed Flying Fox (Pteropus poliocephalus). in Pteropodidae
On following pages: 164. Common Samoan Flying Fox (Pteropus samoensis); 165. Banks Flying Fox (Pteropus fundatus); 166. Vanuatu Flying Fox (Pteropus anetianus); 167. Vanikoro Flying Fox (Pteropus tuberculatus); 168. Temotu Flying Fox (Pteropus nitendiensis); 169. Solomons Flying Fox (Pteropus rayneri); 170. Makira Flying Fox (Pteropus cognatus); 171. Rennell Flying Fox (Pteropus rennell)); 172. Temminck's Flying Fox (Pteropus temminckii); 173. Gray-headed Flying Fox (Pteropus poliocephalus).
On following pages: 147. Wallacean Gray Flying Fox (Pteropus griseus); 148. Admiralty Flying Fox (Pteropus admiralitatum); 149. Philippine Gray Flying Fox (Pteropus speciosus); 150. Island Flying Fox (Pteropus hypomelanus); 151. Blackeared Flying Fox (Pteropus melanotus); 152. Black Flying Fox (Pteropus alecto); 153. Spectacled Flying Fox (Pteropus conspicillatus); 154. Geelvink Bay Flying Fox (Pteropus pohlel); 155. Marianas Flying Fox (Pteropus mariannus); 156. Palau Flying Fox (Pteropus pelewensis); 157. Pacific Flying Fox (Pteropus tonganus); 158. Kosrae Flying Fox (Pteropus ualanus); 159. Nicobar Flying Fox (Pteropus faunulus); 160. Ontong Java Flying Fox (Pteropus howensis). in Pteropodidae
On following pages: 147. Wallacean Gray Flying Fox (Pteropus griseus); 148. Admiralty Flying Fox (Pteropus admiralitatum); 149. Philippine Gray Flying Fox (Pteropus speciosus); 150. Island Flying Fox (Pteropus hypomelanus); 151. Blackeared Flying Fox (Pteropus melanotus); 152. Black Flying Fox (Pteropus alecto); 153. Spectacled Flying Fox (Pteropus conspicillatus); 154. Geelvink Bay Flying Fox (Pteropus pohlel); 155. Marianas Flying Fox (Pteropus mariannus); 156. Palau Flying Fox (Pteropus pelewensis); 157. Pacific Flying Fox (Pteropus tonganus); 158. Kosrae Flying Fox (Pteropus ualanus); 159. Nicobar Flying Fox (Pteropus faunulus); 160. Ontong Java Flying Fox (Pteropus howensis).
On following pages: 130. Sulawesi Flying Fox (Acerodon celebensis); 131. Talaud Flying Fox (Acerodon humilis); 132. Golden-capped Flying Fox (Acerodon jubatus); 133. Palawan Flying Fox (Acerodon leucotis): 134. Sunda Flying Fox (Acerodon macklotil); 135. Moluccan Masked Flying Fox (Pteropus personatus); 136. Lombok Flying Fox (Pteropus lombocensis); 137. Little Red Flying Fox (Pteropus scapulatus); 138. Big-eared Flying Fox (Pteropus macrotis): 139. Gilliard's Flying Fox (Pteropus gilliardorum); 140. Sanborn's Flying Fox (Pteropus mahaganus); 141. Dwarf Flying Fox (Pteropus woodford); 142. Pohnpei Flying Fox (Pteropus molossinus); 143. Chuuk Flying Fox (Pteropus pelagicus). in Pteropodidae
On following pages: 130. Sulawesi Flying Fox (Acerodon celebensis); 131. Talaud Flying Fox (Acerodon humilis); 132. Golden-capped Flying Fox (Acerodon jubatus); 133. Palawan Flying Fox (Acerodon leucotis): 134. Sunda Flying Fox (Acerodon macklotil); 135. Moluccan Masked Flying Fox (Pteropus personatus); 136. Lombok Flying Fox (Pteropus lombocensis); 137. Little Red Flying Fox (Pteropus scapulatus); 138. Big-eared Flying Fox (Pteropus macrotis): 139. Gilliard's Flying Fox (Pteropus gilliardorum); 140. Sanborn's Flying Fox (Pteropus mahaganus); 141. Dwarf Flying Fox (Pteropus woodford); 142. Pohnpei Flying Fox (Pteropus molossinus); 143. Chuuk Flying Fox (Pteropus pelagicus).
On following pages: 117. Mindoro Pallid Flying Fox (Desmalopex microleucopterus); 118. Fijian Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Mirimiri acrodonta); 119. Bougainville Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex anceps); 120. Guadalcanal Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex atrata); 121. Montane Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex pulchra); 122. New Georgia Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex taki); 123. Greater Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex flanneryi), 124. Black-bellied Blossom Bat (Melonycteris melanops); 125. Fardoulis's Blossom Bat (Nesonycteris fardoulisi); 126. Woodford's Blossom Bat (Nesonycteris woodford)). in Pteropodidae
On following pages: 117. Mindoro Pallid Flying Fox (Desmalopex microleucopterus); 118. Fijian Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Mirimiri acrodonta); 119. Bougainville Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex anceps); 120. Guadalcanal Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex atrata); 121. Montane Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex pulchra); 122. New Georgia Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex taki); 123. Greater Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex flanneryi), 124. Black-bellied Blossom Bat (Melonycteris melanops); 125. Fardoulis's Blossom Bat (Nesonycteris fardoulisi); 126. Woodford's Blossom Bat (Nesonycteris woodford)).
Human-modified landscapes provide key foraging areas for a threatened flying mammal: the grey-headed flying-fox
<p>Urban expansion is a major threat to natural ecosystems but also creates novel opportunities that adaptable species can exploit. The grey-headed flying-fox (<em>Pteropus poliocephalus</em>) is a threatened, highly mobile species of bat that is increasingly found in human-dominated landscapes, leading to many management and conservation challenges. Flying-fox urbanisation is thought to be a result of diminishing natural foraging habitat or increasing urban food resources, or both. However, little is known about landscape utilisation of flying-foxes in human-modified areas, and how this may differ in natural areas. Here we examine positional data from 98 satellite-tracked <em>P. poliocephalus</em> for up to 5 years in urban and non-urban environments, in relation to vegetation data and published indices of foraging habitat quality. Our findings indicate that human-modified foraging landscapes sustain a large proportion of the <em>P. poliocephalus</em> population year-round. When individuals roosted in non-urban and minor-urban areas, they relied primarily on wet and dry sclerophyll forest, forested wetlands, and rainforest for foraging, and preferentially visited foraging habitat designated as high-quality. However, our results highlight the importance of human-modified foraging habitats throughout the species' range, and particularly for individuals that roosted in major-urban environments. The exact plant species that exist in human-modified habitats are largely undocumented; however, where this information was available, foraging by <em>P. poliocephalus </em>was associated with different dominant plant species depending on whether individuals roosted in 'urban' or 'non-urban' areas. Overall, our results demonstrate clear differences in urban- and non-urban landscape utilisation by foraging <em>P. poliocephalus</em>. However, further research is needed to understand the exact foraging resources used, particularly in human-modified habitats, and hence what attracts flying-foxes to urban areas. Such information could be used to modify the urban foraging landscape, to assist long-term habitat management programs aimed at minimising human-wildlife conflict and maximising resource availability within and outside of urban environments.</p>
FIGURE 5 in On the identity of flying-foxes, genus Pteropus (Mammalia: Chiroptera), from islands in the Torres Strait, Australia
FIGURE 5. Principal component analysis including skulls of adult Pteropus alecto gouldi (a), subadults of the same (s), and the type series of banakrisi (b). Principal components extracted from a covariance matrix of 8 logtransformed craniodental variables (Table 3).
FIGURE 4 in On the identity of flying-foxes, genus Pteropus (Mammalia: Chiroptera), from islands in the Torres Strait, Australia
FIGURE 4. Length vs. width of the first upper molar in P. alecto gouldi (a) and in the type series of banakrisi (b). Measurements for the latter fall comfortably within the scatter for P. a. gouldi.
FIGURE 3 in On the identity of flying-foxes, genus Pteropus (Mammalia: Chiroptera), from islands in the Torres Strait, Australia
FIGURE 3. Principal component analysis including skulls of adult Pteropus macrotis from New Guinea and the Aru Islands (m), skulls of adult Pteropus scapulatus from Australia (s), and the skull of CSIRO 5003 (x), a specimen of P. scapulatus from Aubusi Island, Boigu group, previously identified as P. macrotis. Principal components extracted from a covariance matrix of 11 logtransformed craniodental variables (Table 2).
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