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125 results for “food consumption”
Contribution of males to brood care can compensate for their food consumption from a shared resource
<p>The sharing of the same food source among parents and offspring can be a driver of the evolution of family life and parental care. However, if all family members desire the same meal, competitive situations can arise, especially if resource depletion is likely. When food is shared for reproduction and the raising of offspring, parents have to decide whether they should invest in self-maintenance or in their offspring and it is not entirely clear how these two strategies are balanced. In the burying beetle <i>Nicrophorus vespilloides</i>, parents care for their offspring either bi- or uniparentally at a vertebrate carcass as the sole food source. The question of whether biparental care in this species offers the offspring a better environment for development compared with uniparental care has been the subject of some debate. We tested the hypothesis that male contribution to biparental brood care has a beneficial effect on offspring fitness but that this effect can be masked because the male also feeds from the shared resource. We show that a mouse carcass prepared by two <i>Nicrophorus</i> beetles is lighter compared with a carcass prepared by a single female beetle at the start of larval hatching and provisioning. This difference in carcass mass can influence offspring fitness when food availability is limited, supporting our hypothesis. Our results provide new insights into the possible evolutionary pathway of biparental care in this species of burying beetles.</p>
Diet composition and social environment determine food consumption, phenotype and fitness in an omnivorous insect
Nutrition is the single most important factor for individual's growth and reproduction. Consequently, the inability to reach the nutritional optimum imposes severe consequences for animal fitness. Yet, under natural conditions organisms may face a mixture of stressors that can modulate the effects of nutritional asymmetry. For instance, stressful environments caused by intense interaction with conspecifics. Here, we subjected the house-cricket Acheta domesticus to i) either of two types of diet that have proven to affect cricket performance and ii) simultaneously manipulated their social environment throughout their complete lifecycle. We aimed to track sex-specific consequences for multiple traits during insect development throughout all life stages. Both factors affected critical life-history traits with potential population-level consequences: Diet composition induced strong effects on insect development time, lifespan and fitness, whilst the social environment affected the number of nymphs that completed development, food consumption and whole-body lipid content. Additionally, both factors interactively determined female body mass. Our results highlight that insects may acquire and invest resources in a different manner when subjected to an intense interaction with conspecifics or when isolated. Furthermore, while only diet composition affected individual reproductive output, the social environment would determine the number of reproductive females, thus indirectly influencing population performance.
Questionnaire on COVID pandemic influence at attitude and prevalence of plant-based food products consumption in Serbia
<p>An anonymous online questionnaire that contained 16 open-ended and closed-ended questions was used to assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on 1) eating behavior and dietary habits changes concerning various plant-based foods; 2) frequency of consumption of herbal teas and dietary supplements; 3) quantity of traditionally pickled plant-based food prepared for the winter period, and 4) the general attitude toward diet, plant-based food, natural products, and dietary supplements.</p> <p> </p>
Combined effect of temperature, age and sex on food consumption
<p>Abiotic and biotic factors play key roles on the feeding attributes of herbivorous insects. We therefore evaluated the combined effect of temperature, age and sex on food consumption and utilization efficiencies of Parthenium biocontrol agent, <em>Zygogramma bicolorata </em>Pallister. This Mexican beetle is known as the most promising candidate for the biocontrol agent of<em> Parthenium hysterophorus </em>Linnaeus, a serious weed of wastelands, pastures and agricultural fields. </p>
Data from: Transcriptomic responses to the consumption of nuptial food gifts by female decorated crickets
<p>Nuptial food gifts offered by males to females at mating are shaped by sexual conflict, allowing males direct access to female physiology. However, a molecular dissection of their effect on females is rare. In decorated crickets, the male's nuptial gift comprises part of<span> the male's spermatophore, the spermatophylax,</span> which functions to deter the female from prematurely removing the sperm-containing portion, the ampulla, from her genital opening. However, ingested spermatophylax compounds and proteins contained in the ampulla could also influence female physiology and behavior to the male's benefit. We investigated how mating per se and these two distinct routes of potential male-mediated manipulation influence the transcriptional response of females. We conducted an RNA-sequencing experiment on the gut and head tissue from females for whom consumption of nuptial food gifts and receipt of an ejaculate had been independently manipulated. In the gut tissue, we found that females not permitted to feed during mating exhibit a decreased expression of many genes, which seems to be caused by reduced gut function, but this was countered by female feeding on the spermatophylax or a sham gift. In the head tissue, we found only low numbers of differentially expressed genes, but a gene co-expression network analysis revealed that both the attachment of the ampulla and the consumption of the spermatophylax independently induce their own distinct patterns of gene expression. This study provides evidence that spermatophylax feeding alters the female post-mating transcriptomic response in decorated crickets, highlighting its potential to mediate sexual conflict in this system.</p>
Adolescent screen time and unhealthy food consumption in the context of the digital development in New Caledonia
<p>Data from self-report questionnaires on time spent in front of tablets, computers and mobile phones, as well as the consumption of unhealthy food and drinks.</p> <p>Participant characteristics: 11 to 15 years old students.</p> <p>Number of participants: 867.</p> <p>Year of the study: 2018 - 2019.</p> <p>Place of the study: New Caledonia.</p> <p> </p>
Collecting data on Hungarian traditional/local pulse varieties, on legume production, consumption and trade of food-purpose pulses in Hungary
<p>Summary data on traditional and local Hungarian pulse varieties will be provided. This will include a systematic summary of all legume species and varieties used for food and feed that are stored in the seed bank data of the National Plant Diversity Centre, Hungary.</p> <p>Statistical data mined from the database of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (CSO) on the production of the most significant food and feed legumes in Hungary, the household consumption of the some food-used pulses, as well as the food industry processing and the national trade of pulses.</p> <p>Mining and summarizing existing data from different resources will be performed during 2017 and will be provided by February 2018. Statistical data on production, consumption and traded will be supplemented during the project with the updates of CSO databases. Methodologies used will be desk research and primer analysis.</p>
Nestling growth rate and food consumption increases under experimentally prolonged day length in a New World Sparrow
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>When evaluating avian reproduction, life history theory examines the trade-offs between parental effort, the number and size of offspring, and the rate of nestling development. The growth rates and body sizes of developing birds vary geographically and can diverge with both latitude and migratory strategies. In terms of offspring size, growth rate can deviate in nestlings of the same or similar species due to </span><span>the </span><span>correlated influences </span><span>of</span><span> weather events, predation pressure, food availability, number of nestmates, and parental provisioning. Furthermore, a longer photoperiod for species nesting at higher latitudes increases the duration over which a nestling </span><span>can be </span><span>fed each day, and increased </span><span>nestling provisioning</span><span> has been positively correlated with growth rate. Whether </span><span>the amount of time in which </span><span>a bird is</span><span> fed during development</span><span> drives this variation in growth rate and morphology is unknown. By removing supplemental environmental stressors (e.g., food availability, weather, predation pressure) and standardizing feeding rate and environment, we explored the influence of </span><span>daily duration of nestling provisioning </span><span>on </span><span>dark-eyed junco (<em>Junco hyemalis</em>) nestlings. We hand-reared 65</span><span> chicks of a sedentary junco subspecies (<em>J. h. carolinensis) </em>under both their natural photoperiod and </span><span>the longer photoperiod </span><span>of a closely related migratory subspecies (<em>J. h. hyemalis</em>) and compared growth rate, mass, morphology, and the amount of food consumed. Average growth rate, fasted mass, </span><span>wing length</span><span>, and total daily food consumption were all greater in birds hand-reared under the </span><span>longer, </span><span>more northern photoperiod treatment. These findings suggest that increased daily photoperiod at higher latitudes may allow for greater total food provisioning and thus may play a role in the ability of parents in compressed breeding seasons to produce high-quality offspring. </span><span>T</span><span>his points to a trade-off between provisioning effort and nestling growth rate in lower latitude (shorter photoperiod) populations and</span><span> points to an important role of developmental plasticity on growth rate and morphology. </span></p>
Data from: Social determinants of food group consumption based on Mediterranean diet pyramid: a cross-sectional study of university students
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Nestling growth rate and food consumption increases under experimentally prolonged day length in a New World Sparrow
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Diet composition and social environment determine food consumption, phenotype and fitness in an omnivorous insect
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Contribution of males to brood care can compensate for their food consumption from a shared resource
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Data from: Transcriptomic responses to the consumption of nuptial food gifts by female decorated crickets
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Predator population size structure alters consumption of prey from epigeic and grazing food webs
<p>Numerous studies have found that predators can suppress prey densities and thereby impact important ecosystem processes such as plant productivity and decomposition. However, prey suppression by spiders can be highly variable. Unlike predators that feed on prey within a single energy channel, spiders often consume prey from asynchronous energy channels, such as grazing (live plant) and epigeic (soil surface) channels. Spiders undergo few life cycle changes and thus appear to be ideally suited to link energy channels, but ontogenetic diet shifts in spiders have received little attention. For example, spider use of different food channels may be highly specialized in different life stages and thus a species may be a multichannel omnivore only when we consider all life stages. Using stable isotopes, we investigated whether wolf spider (Pardosa littoralis, henceforth Pardosa) prey consumption is driven by changes in spider size. Small spiders obtained > 80% of their prey from the epigeic channel, whereas larger spiders used grazing and epigeic prey almost equally. Changes in prey consumption were not driven by changes in prey density, but by changes in prey use by different spider size classes. Thus, because the population size structure of Pardosa changes dramatically over the growing season, changes in spider size may have important implications for the strength of trophic cascades. Our research demonstrates that life history can be an important component of predator diet, which may in turn affect community- and ecosystem-level processes.</p>
Data from: Nonadditive effects of consumption in an intertidal macroinvertebrate community are independent of food availability but driven by complementarity effects
Suboptimal environmental conditions are ubiquitous in nature and commonly drive the outcome of biological interactions in community processes. Despite the importance of biological interactions for community processes, knowledge on how species interactions are affected by a limiting resource, e.g. low food availability, remains limited. Here, we tested whether variation in food supply causes non-additive consumption patterns, using the macroinvertebrate community of intertidal sandy beaches as a model system. We quantified isotopically labelled diatom consumption by three macroinvertebrate species (Bathyporeia pilosa, Haustorius arenarius and Scolelepis squamata) kept in mesocosms in either monoculture or a 3-species community at a range of diatom densities. Our results show that B. pilosa was the most successful competitor in terms of consumption at both high and low diatom density, while H. arenarius and especially S. squamata consumed less in a community than in their respective monocultures. Non-additive effects on consumption in this macroinvertebrate community were present and larger than mere additive effects, and similar across diatom densities. The underlying species interactions, however, did change with diatom density. Complementarity effects related to niche-partitioning were the main driver of the net diversity effect on consumption, with a slightly increasing contribution of selection effects related to competition) with decreasing diatom density. For the first time we showed that non-additive effects of consumption are independent of food availability in a macroinvertebrate community. This suggests that in communities with functionally different, and thus complementary, species, non-additive effects can arise even when food availability is low. Hence, at a range of environmental conditions, species interactions hold important potential to alter ecosystem functioning.
Data from: Individual consumption of supplemental food as a predictor of reproductive performance and viral infection intensity
1.Supplemental food is often provided to threatened species in order to maintain or enhance reproductive fitness and thus population growth. However, its impact on individual reproductive fitness is rarely evaluated, despite being associated with both positive and negative consequences. 2. We used stable isotope analyses to characterise the relative proportional consumption of supplemental food and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to assess beak and feather disease viral infection intensity among parakeets. Life-history and nest-site data from a long-term monitoring effort was incorporated. 3. Older females benefitted the most from supplemental feeding; demonstrated by a greater reproductive uplift than younger females. There were no strong predictors of viral infection levels among nestlings. 4. Reproductive fitness, measured by the number of fledglings produced per brood, was positively associated with proportional dietary content of supplemental food among adult parakeets and breeding pairs that nested closer to feeding stations consumed more supplemental food than those nesting further away. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates that supplementary feeding can lead to an overall increase in population growth. However, by characterising individual consumption, we also reveal subtle patterns of use and differential benefits on reproductive fitness within a population. Manipulating the delivery of supplemental food may help to reduce demand on finite resources or target the proportion of a population that derives the most benefit, but is associated with trade-offs in fecundity. For example the use of, and access to feeding stations could potentially be targeted towards specific individuals or, positioned in the habitats most deficient in native food. However, increasing reproductive fitness in one component of the population may be accompanied by a decrease in another. This knowledge can be incorporated into adaptive management strategies that aim to fulfil specific objectives associated with species recovery and long-term viability as long as the relative importance of each objective is be considered.
Data from: Relative preference and localized food affect predator space use and consumption of incidental prey
Abundant, localized foods can concentrate predators and their foraging efforts, thus altering both the spatial distribution of predation risk and predator preferences for prey that are encountered incidentally. However, few investigations have quantified the spatial scale over which localized foods affect predator foraging behavior and consumption of incidental prey. In spring 2010, we experimentally tested how point-source foods altered how generalist predators (white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus) utilized space and depredated two incidental prey items: almonds (Prunus dulcis; highly profitable) and maple seeds (Acer saccharum; less profitable). We estimated mouse population densities with trapping webs, quantified mouse consumption rates of these incidental prey items, and measured local mouse activity with track plates. We predicted that 1) mouse activity would be elevated near full feeders, but depressed at intermediate distances from the feeder, 2) consumption of both incidental prey would be high near feeders providing less-preferred food and, 3) consumption of incidental prey would be contingent on predator preference for prey relative to feeders providing more-preferred food. Mouse densities increased significantly from pre- to post-experiment. Mean mouse activity was unexpectedly greatest in control treatments, particularly <15 m from the control (empty) feeder. Feeders with highly preferred food (sunflower seeds) created localized refuges for incidental prey at intermediate distances (15 to 25m) from the feeder. Feeders with less-preferred food (corn) generated localized high risk for highly preferred almonds <10 m of the feeder. Our findings highlight the contingent but predictable effects of locally abundant food on risk experienced by incidental prey, which can be positive or negative depending on both spatial proximity and relative preference.
Data from: Individual variation in winter supplementary food consumption and its consequences for reproduction in wild birds.
The provision of wild birds with supplementary food has increased substantially over recent decades. While it is assumed that provisioning birds is beneficial, supplementary feeding can have detrimental 'carry-over' effects on reproductive traits. Due to difficulties in monitoring individual feeding behaviour, assessing how individuals within a population vary in their exploitation of supplementary food resources has been limited. Quantifying individual consumption of supplementary food is necessary to understand the operation of carry-over effects at the individual level. We used Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and automated feeders to estimate individual consumption of supplementary winter food in a large wild population of great tits Parus major and blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus. Using these data, we identified demographic factors that explained individual variation in levels of supplementary food consumption. We also tested for carry-over effects of supplementary food consumption on recruitment, reproductive success and a measure of survival. Individual variation in consumption of supplementary food was explained by differences between species, ages, sexes and years. Individuals were consistent across time in their usage of supplementary resources. We found no strong evidence that the extent of supplementary food consumption directly influenced subsequent fitness parameters. Such effects may instead result from supplementary food influencing population demographics by enhancing the survival and subsequent breeding of less competitive individuals, which reduce average breeding parameters and increase density-dependent competition. Carry-over effects of supplementary feeding are not universal and may depend upon the temporal availability of the food provided. Our study demonstrates how RFID systems can be used to examine individual-level behaviour with minimal effects on fitness.
Honey bee hive covers reduce food consumption and colony mortality during overwintering
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Beekeepers regularly employ management practices to mitigate losses during the winter, often considered the most difficult time during a colony life cycle. Management recommendations involving covering or wrapping hives in insulation during winter have a long history; over 100 years ago, most recommendations for overwintering in cold climates involved heavy insulation wraps or moving hives indoors. These recommendations began to change in the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century, but hive covers are still considered useful and are described in contemporary beekeeping manuals and cooperative extension materials. However, most of the data supporting their use is published primarily in non-peer reviewed trade journals and was collected >40 years ago. In this time, the beekeeping environment has changed substantially, with new pressures from pathogens, agrochemicals, and land use changes. Here, we provide an update to the historical literature, reporting a randomized experiment testing the effectiveness of a common honey bee hive cover system across eight apiaries in central Illinois, USA, a temperate region dominated by conventional annual agriculture. We found that, when other recommended overwintering preparations are performed, covered colonies consumed less food stores and survived better than uncovered controls (22.5% higher survival). This study highlights the value of hive covers, even in an area not subject to extremely cold winter conditions, and these data can aid the production of evidence-based extension recommendations for beekeepers.</span></p>
Organic food consumption behavior in Lithuania
<p>The project was designed to comprehensively evaluate organic food consumption behavior in Lithuania by developing theoretical, conceptual frameworks, and methodological approaches. The project successfully achieved all of its objectives. First, it delivered the necessary frameworks for evaluating organic food consumption behavior. Second, it identified vital factors influencing organic food consumption and pinpointed the main barriers consumers face in Lithuania. Third, the project explored the role of environmental self-identity as a moderator in the relationship between consumption values and the intention to purchase organic food. Fourth, a multi-group analysis (MGA) was applied to deepen the structural equation model analysis, specifically investigating how purchase intentions toward organic food varied across different demographic groups, such as age, gender, education, and income. Fifth, the project provided a detailed assessment of organic marketing in Lithuania, offering targeted recommendations to marketers and policymakers on enhancing organic food consumption through individualized marketing initiatives to support environmental protection.</p> <p>This project has received funding from the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT), agreement No S-PD-22–67.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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