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Fig. 4 in Ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the third year of regeneration after a hurricane in the Puszcza Piska pine forests

Fig. 4. Proportion of hygrophilous species individuals in carabid beetle assemblages inhabiting stands affected by the hurricane (P) and control stands (M) in age classes I-V.

Fig. 3 in Ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the third year of regeneration after a hurricane in the Puszcza Piska pine forests

Fig. 3. Proportion of forest species individuals in carabid beetle assemblages inhabiting stands affected by the hurricane (P) and control stands (M) in age classes I-V.

Fig. 1 in Successional patterns of carabid fauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in planted and natural regenerated pine forests growing on old arable land

Fig. 1: Principal components analysis (PCA) carried out with the dataset. Years of study are given in brackets behind the study areas/sites.

Fig. 5 in Ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the third year of regeneration after a hurricane in the Puszcza Piska pine forests

Fig. 5. Proportion of xerophilous species individuals in carabid beetle assemblages inhabiting stands affected by the hurricane (P) and control stands (M) in age classes I-V.

Fig. 1 in Ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the third year of regeneration after a hurricane in the Puszcza Piska pine forests

Fig. 1. Cluster analysis for the carabid beetle assemblages inhabiting stands affected by the hurricane (P) and control stands (M) in age classes I-V. Ward˙s method, Euclidean distance.

Fig. 6 in Ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the third year of regeneration after a hurricane in the Puszcza Piska pine forests

Fig. 6. The SPC/MIB (SCP/SBO) model of carabid beetle assemblages inhabiting stands affected by the hurricane (P) and control stands (M) in age classes I-V.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Data_Amazon_forest_regeneration

Data and maps produced for the study "Simple Ecological Indicators Benchmark Regeneration Success of Amazonian Forests" <ul> <li> data_plot.csv → Data on forest attributes and predictor variables used to analyze the drivers of regeneration. </li> <li> data.figure2.csv → GLMM model results and effect sizes used to generate Figure 2. </li> <li> raster.bdod_1km_mask.tif and raster.clay_1km_mask.tif → Raster data of soil bulk density and soil clay at 1 km resolution, used to generate predicted regeneration curves for the entire Amazon (Figure 3). </li> <li> agb1mask_20_250m.tif → Map of Aboveground Biomass values along the optimal successional trajectory across the Amazon, predicted using GLMM models. </li> <li> ba_250m_year_20.tif → Map of Basal Area values along the optimal successional trajectory across the Amazon, predicted using GLMM models. </li> <li> div_hill_250m_year_20.tif → Map of Species Diversity values along the optimal successional trajectory across the Amazon, predicted using GLMM models. </li> <li> max_dbh_250m_year_20.tif → Map of Maximum DBH values along the optimal successional trajectory across the Amazon, predicted using GLMM models. </li> <li> sh_250m_year_20.tif → Map of Structural Heterogeneity (SH) values along the optimal successional trajectory across the Amazon, predicted using GLMM models. </li> <li> spc_rich_250m_year_20.tif → Map of Species Richness values along the optimal successional trajectory across the Amazon, predicted using GLMM models. </li> </ul> <ul> <li>Drivers_forest_Regeneration_Fig2.R → R script for GLMM model analysis, which loads the dataset Regenera_all_plot_data_2022_05_16d.csv and generates Figure 2 using data.figure2.csv.</li> <li> Predict_Amazon_Curves_Figure_3.R → R script to generate predicted regeneration curves across the Amazon based on GLMM results, loading raster.clay_1km_mask.tif and raster.bdod_1km_mask.tif. GEE_code_Predict_Maps.txt → Google Earth Engine code to generate predicted maps of ecological integrity at 250 m resolution for the entire Amazon. </li> </ul>

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Active restoration fosters better recovery of tropical rainforest birds than natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments

<ol> <li>Ecological restoration has emerged as a key strategy for conserving tropical forests and habitat specialists, and monitoring faunal recovery using indicator taxa like birds can help assess restoration success. Few studies have examined, however, whether active restoration achieves better recovery of bird communities than natural regeneration, or how bird recovery relates to habitat affiliations of species in the community.</li> <li>In rainforests restored over the past two decades in a fragmented landscape (Western Ghats, India), we examined whether bird species richness and community composition recovery in 23 actively restored (AR) sites was significantly better than recovery in paired naturally regenerating (NR) sites, relative to 23 undisturbed benchmark (BM) rainforests. We measured 8 habitat variables and tested whether bird recovery tracked habitat recovery, whether rainforest and open-country birds showed contrasting patterns, and assessed species-level responses to restoration.</li> <li>We recorded 92 bird species in 460 point-count surveys. Rainforest bird species richness was highest in BM, intermediate in AR, and lowest in NR. Contrastingly, open-country bird species richness was least in BM, intermediate in AR, and highest in NR.</li> <li>Bird community composition varied significantly across treatment types with composition in AR in transition from NR to BM. Bird community dissimilarity between sites was positively related to dissimilarity in habitat structure and floristics, and geographic distance between sites. Variance partitioning indicated that structural and floristic dissimilarity explained 90% of the variation in community composition.</li> <li>Indicator species analysis revealed significant associations of 34 species with one or more treatment types. Species associated with BM and AR treatment types were all rainforest species, while only 38% of species associated with AR and NR treatment types were rainforest species.</li> <li> Synthesis and applications: We show that active restoration of degraded fragments benefits rainforest birds and reduces the infiltration of open-country birds, and highlight the importance of considering rainforest and open-country species separately. In human-modified tropical rainforest landscapes, active restoration of degraded fragments fosters partial recovery and complements protection of mature forests for bird conservation.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Site characterization, regeneration attributes, and juvenile conifer growth characteristics for 25 forest and woodland sites in the southwestern United States

This dataset contains biotic and abiotic site characterization data, juvenile conifer regeneration and growth data, and detailed juvenile growth characteristic data for destructively sampled juvenile conifers. Data are included for 25 forest and woodland sites in the southwestern United States, and were collected in summer 2019. A detailed sampling and analysis methodology is available from the following publication (in press as of 10-2021): Pirtel NL, Bradford JB, Hubbard RM, Abella SR, Kolb TE, Litvak ME, Porter SL and Petrie MD. 2021. The aboveground and belowground growth characteristics of juvenile conifers in the southwestern United States, Ecosphere: in press. Please contact the corresponding author (MD Petrie) with any questions or requests.

publicOct 2025View details →

Disentangling compound effects of changing disturbance and regeneration across temperate forest landscapes

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publicNov 2023View details →

Data from: Thinning and prescribed burning increase shade-tolerant conifer regeneration in a fire excluded mixed-conifer forest

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publicJan 2021View details →

Wildfires and climate change push low-elevation forests across a critical climate threshold for tree regeneration

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publicSep 2022View details →

Active restoration fosters better recovery of tropical rainforest birds than natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments

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Data and R code for “Tree regeneration response to a shifting soil nutrient economy depends on mycorrhizal association and age”, Forest Ecology and Management, 2022

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has led to an increase in N cycling and N availability. This increase in inorganic N is likely to impact forest ecosystems, although the responses remain uncertain. Most tree species are associated with one of two mycorrhiza types – arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) or ectomycorrhiza (ECM). Due to functional differences in their ability to access soil nutrients, we might expect that increased N cycling and availability of inorganic N would benefit AM associated species, with negative or neutral impact for ECM associated species. This study addresses how the abundance of the regeneration layer responds to those shifting soil conditions, based on their mycorrhizal association. We used a long-term experiment located in a temperate deciduous forest, where the native acidic soils are low in nutrients. Soil treatments began in 2009, by adding lime and/or phosphate to raise pH and increase the availability of N and P. All trees ≥ 6.0 cm in 2010 were tagged and have been monitored with annual censuses. To quantity the density of the regeneration layer, seedlings and saplings were recorded in the control and limed plots in 2019. Trees that had recruited into the canopy (DBH ≥ 6.0 cm) were measured in 2020 in all treatment plots. Seedlings older than one year responded to the treatments as predicted, as AM seedlings increased by 42% in the lime treatment (1.53 ± 0.38 individuals per m2 in control, to 2.17 ± 0.56 in lime) and ECM seedlings decreased by 49% in response to liming (0.61 ± 0.14 individuals per m2 in control, to 0.31 ± 0.04 in lime). AM saplings also responded positively to liming, increasing 254% from control to lime (from 0.013 ± 0.003 to 0.046 ± 0.018 individuals per m2), while ECM sapling abundance was neutral (0.063 ± 0.015 individuals per m2 in control, and 0.054 ± 0.009 in lime). The highest number of ECM recruits was found in the control plots (34.4%), followed by phosphate (25.8%), lime + phosphate (21.5%), then lime (18.3%).

openCC0Oct 2022View details →

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Restoration thinning permits stems to capitalise on high-rainfall years in a regenerating endangered forest ecosystem

1. Passively regenerating native vegetation presents a cost-effective opportunity to sequester carbon and reinstate habitat in heavily cleared agricultural landscapes. 2. However, in some cases a few woody species recolonise in dense, low-diversity stands that are slow to self-thin. 3. Restoration thinning of over-dominant species has been proposed to accelerate ecosystem recovery, but its longer-term efficacy remains uncertain, and is likely to depend strongly on rainfall. 4. This study focuses on a restoration thinning experiment established in 2007 in dense brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) regrowth in Queensland, Australia. Using variation in rainfall between 2007 and 2017, we examined the interactive effects of neighbourhood density and moisture availability on the growth and survival of A. harpophylla. 5. We also compared the strength of A. harpophylla density effects on itself to its effects on a sparsely distributed co-occurring tree species (Casuarina cristata) that was codominant in the original forest. 6. Our results provide clear evidence that thinning permits A. harpophylla to grow rapidly during periods of high rainfall, and that interspecific competition between A. harpophylla and C. cristata is relatively weak. As such, thinning of dense A. harpophylla could be combined with seeding or planting of co-occurring tree species with complementary niches to further accelerate forest recovery in this extensive regrowth ecosystem.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Edaphic factors, successional status, and functional traits drive habitat associations of trees in naturally regenerating tropical dry forests

1. Many studies have examined individual environmental drivers of tropical tree species distributions, but edaphic and successional gradients have not been considered simultaneously. Furthermore, determining how functional traits influence species distributions along these gradients may help to elucidate mechanisms behind community assembly. 2. To assess the influence of environmental filtering on tropical dry forest (TDF) tree species distributions we used forest inventory data from sites with large edaphic and successional gradients in NW Costa Rica. Our goals were to determine (1) whether edaphic or successional factors are more important determinants of the abundance of individual tree species in regenerating TDF, (2) how species-level functional traits are related to edaphic and/or successional niche associations of tree species, and (3) correlations between species-level edaphic and successional niche associations. 3. The distributions of 82 focal tree species were strongly driven by both edaphic and successional gradients. Overall, 94% of species responded to soil chemistry, 89% to soil texture, and 94% to stand age gradients. Some functional traits were correlated with the edaphic and successional niche associations of TDF tree species. Species that specialized on soils with high total nutrient concentrations had higher foliar nutrient concentrations (nitrogen and phosphorus) and lower leaf dry matter content (LDMC). Species with wider stand age niches had lower LDMC and wood density. There were no correlations between edaphic and successional niche optima of TDF tree species. 4. Our results indicate that successional and edaphic gradients concurrently drive community assembly in regenerating TDF. Moreover, our work underscores the importance of considering how the functional characteristics of TDF trees dictates species distributions across environmental gradients.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Demographic costs and benefits of natural regeneration during tropical forest restoration

For tropical forest restoration to result in long‐term biodiversity gains, native trees must establish self‐sustaining populations in degraded sites. While many have asked how seedling recruitment varies between restoration treatments, the long‐term fate of these recruits remains unknown. We address this research gap by tracking natural recruits of 27 species during the first 7 years of a tropical forest restoration experiment that included both planted and naturally regenerating plots. We used an individual‐based model to estimate the probability that a seedling achieves reproductive maturity after several years of growth and survival. We found an advantage for recruits in naturally regenerating plots, with up to 40% increased probability of reproduction in this treatment, relative to planted plots. The demographic advantage of natural regeneration was highest for mid‐successional species, with relatively minor differences between treatments for early‐successional species. Our research demonstrates the consequences of restoration decision making across the life cycle of tropical tree species.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Climate will increasingly determine post-fire tree regeneration success in low-elevation forests, Northern Rockies, USA

Climate change is expected to cause widespread shifts in the distribution and abundance of plant species through direct impacts on mortality, regeneration, and survival. At landscape scales, climate impacts will be strongly mediated by disturbances, such as wildfire, which catalyze shifts in species distributions through widespread mortality and by shaping the post‐disturbance environment. We examined the potential for regional shifts in low‐elevation tree species in response to wildfire and climate warming in low‐elevation, dry mixed‐conifer forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We analyzed interactions among climate and wildfire on post‐fire tree seedling regeneration 5–13 yr post‐fire at 177 sites burned in 21 large wildfires during two years with widespread regional burning. We used generalized additive mixed models to quantify how the density of Douglas‐fir and ponderosa pine seedlings varied as a function of climate normals (30‐yr mean temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration) and fire (tree survivorship, burn severity, and seed source availability). Mean summer temperature was the most important predictor of post‐fire seedling densities for both ponderosa pine and Douglas‐fir. Seed availability was also important in determining Douglas‐fir regeneration. As mean summer temperature continues to increase, however, seed availability will become less important for determining post‐fire regeneration. Above a mean summer temperature of 17°C, Douglas‐fir regeneration is predicted to be minimal regardless of how close a seed source is to a site. The majority (82%) of our sampled sites are predicted to exceed a mean summer temperature of 17°C by mid‐century, suggesting significant declines in seedling densities and potential forest loss. Our results highlight mechanisms linking climate change to shifts in the distribution of two widely dominant tree species in western North America. Under a warming climate, we expect post‐fire tree regeneration in these low‐elevation forests to become increasingly unsuccessful. Such widespread regeneration failures would have important implications for ecosystem processes and forest resilience, particularly as wildfires increase in response to climate warming.

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Figure 4 in Natural regeneration in Atlantic Forest Fragments: using ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for monitoring a conservation unit

Figure 4. Camponotus cillae recorded for the RPPN Botujuru: (A) front view; (B) dorsal view; (C) side view.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Nov 2022View details →