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221 results for “formalization”
Fig. 3 in Extinction of Japan's first formally described earthworm (Horst, 1883) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae).
Fig. 3. Historical Nagasaki (with Dejima island) around the time of collection (from Siebold's Nippon, 1897; archive.org/ details/nipponarchivzur00siebgoog Wikipedia CC-BY).
Figure 1 in Primera Cercosaura Cochabamba evidencia formal sobre la presencia de parkeri (Ruibal, 1952) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) en el departamento de , Bolivia
Figure 1. In life Cercosaura parkeri (A-B. MHNC-R 3246 y C-D. MHNC-R 3247) registered at Pocona, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Photographs by Rene Carpio.
Figura 2 in Primera Cercosaura Cochabamba evidencia formal sobre la presencia de parkeri (Ruibal, 1952) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) en el departamento de , Bolivia
Figura 2. Distribución geográfica de Cercosaura parkeri en Bolivia (círculos verdes). Círculo rojo: nuevo registro en el departamento de Cochabamba; circulo azul: registro más cercano en el departamento de Santa Cruz (Doan, 2003; Barreto et al., 2012).
Supplementary Material: Comparing Formal Tools for System Design: a Case Study from the Railway Domain
<p>The package includes a set of models for a railway moving-block system:</p> <p>(a) a PDF document named Moving-block Model and Requirements.pdf, which includes a UML model of a moving-block system together with a set of requirements for the system;</p> <p>(b) a set of 10 folders, each one associated to a formal or semi-formal development tool. Each folder contains one or more model of the moving-block system from (a), developed by means of the tool.</p>
Figure 1 in Entomological data from the first year of the Forensic Entomology Division formalization at Santa Catarina Scientific Police
Figure 1 Santa Catarina State (southern Brazil) and locations where entomological evidence were collected: Araquari (1), Campo Alegre (2), Chapecó (3), Garuva (4), Iomerê (5), Itajaí (6), Itapoá (7), Joinville (8), Mafra (9), Papanduva (10), São Francisco do Sul (11), São Bento do Sul (12) and Urupema (13).
Fig. 3 in Thomasaria vs. Pyramidalia conundrum in Devonian brachiopod systematics solved: An argument to formalize epitypification under the ICZN
Fig. 3. Transverse serial sections of spiriferide brachiopod Thomasaria simplex (Phillips, 1841) through shell NHMUK PI B 2807 (topotype) from the Givetian of Wolborough, England, UK. Sections through ventral (A) and dorsal (B) valves. The schematic drawings on the left of each section describe the direction of sectioning (see text). Distances measured in millimetres from the tip of the ventral and dorsal umbos, respectively. Gray areas denote local silicification.
Fig. 2 in Thomasaria vs. Pyramidalia conundrum in Devonian brachiopod systematics solved: An argument to formalize epitypification under the ICZN
Fig. 2. Spiriferide brachiopod Thomasaria simplex (Phillips, 1841) from the Middle Devonian of south-western England, UK (type region). A–C. Articulated shells (TCD 16991c, A; TCD 16991b, B; TCD 16991a, C) from Port Stephens, in dorsal (A1–C1), ventral (A2–C2), lateral (A3–C3), anterior (A4–C4), and posterior (A5–C5) views. D. Lectotype, articulated shell GSM 6915 from Wolborough, in dorsal (D1), ventral (D2), lateral (D3), anterior (D4), and posterior (D5) views. Reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©UKRI. All rights reserved. E. Topotype, articulated shell NHMUK PI B 2807 (specimen serially sectioned, see Fig. 3) from Wolborough, in dorsal (E1), ventral (E2), lateral (E3), anterior (E4), and posterior (E5) views, enlargement (SEM micrograph) of the secondary shell layer showing impunctate condition (E6). F. Articulated shell TCD 16991d from Port Stephens, fragmentary posterior view showing the delthyrium partially closed by a convex pseudodeltidium.
Fig. 1. A in Thomasaria vs. Pyramidalia conundrum in Devonian brachiopod systematics solved: An argument to formalize epitypification under the ICZN
Fig. 1. A. Geographical location of the study area in north-western Europe. B. Geological map of eastern Cornwall and southern Devon (Devonian after House and Selwood 1966, otherwise simplified and modified after British Geological Survey 1957). Black asterisks show fossil localities mentioned in the text. The white asterisk shows the presumed position of "Port Stephens" (see text for further explanation).
Data for The Design and Formalization of an Embodied Soundscape Sonification Framework
<p>This repository contains evaluation data ane experimental stimuli for the paper :The Design and Formalization of an Embodied Soundscape Sonification Framework.</p>
THE EVOLUTION OF EDUCATION FROM TRADITIONS TO FORMAL SYSTEMS UNDER THE RANA REGIME IN NEPAL
<p><span>This study examines the historical evolution of education in Nepal, particularly focusing on the transition from non-formal to formal education during the Rana period (1846–1951). The purpose of the study is to analyze how education, initially confined to family traditions and religious teachings, was systematically introduced by the Ranas, primarily for their own elite class, while public education was deliberately suppressed to maintain political control. Utilizing a qualitative research design, data was collected from secondary sources including books, articles, and online databases, and analyzed using descriptive, analytical, and historical methods. The findings highlight that while Junga Bahadur Rana initiated formal education following his visit to Britain, these efforts were limited to benefiting the Rana family. Subsequent rulers made minimal reforms under external pressure, yet the overall Rana regime left Nepal largely illiterate, with two generations deprived of educational opportunities. The study underscores the need for further exploration of the long-term impacts of this suppression on Nepal’s socio-economic development and suggests that future research could investigate the post-Rana educational reforms and their role in shaping modern Nepalese society.</span></p>
Data for: Widespread support for a global species list with a formal governance system
<p>This spreadsheet provides all cleaned and validated data used in the analysis of the GSLWG survey to gather opinions about the governance of taxonomic lists. Data are anonymous. Interpertations of variables are available in a separate codebook file, also available on Dryad and associated with this manuscript.</p> <p>In addition to raw survey data, additional supplemental data are provided:</p> <p>1. Coding manual providing definitions for each variable included in the survey dataset in .csv format</p> <p>2. The data analysis code in Stata .do format and PDF format</p> <p>3. The survey instrument in several languages in PDF format</p> <p>4. A detailed description of the survey methodology and data analysis approach in PDF format</p> <p>5. The full results of the survey in tabular form</p> <p>6. Additional figures presenting survey results</p> <p>All data are also available on the website of the Open Science Framework (OSF), along with survey pre-registration data: <a href="https://osf.io/tz7ra/?view_only=4b1bc810ef794f7f9bb57240611989af">https://osf.io/tz7ra/?view_only=4b1bc810ef794f7f9bb57240611989af</a></p>
Resources for the article "Investigating the role of educational robotics in formal mathematics education"
<p>This repository contains the material required to reproduce the study looking to investigate the role of educational robotics in formal mathematics education for 15 year old students in the French speaking region of Switzerland. This includes :</p> <ul> <li> <p>Pedagogical content in the form of both teacher and student resources</p> </li> <li> <p>Data collection ressources (surveys and tests)</p> </li> </ul> <p>If you use any of the resources provided in this repository, please cite the following</p> <p>• The Zenodo repository, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4649842</p> <p>• The corresponding article : Brender, J., El-Hamamsy, L., Bruno, B., Chessel-Lazzarotto, F., Zufferey, J.D., Mondada, F. (2021). Investigating the Role of Educational Robotics in Formal Mathematics Education: The Case of Geometry for 15-Year-Old Students. In: De Laet, T., Klemke, R., Alario-Hoyos, C., Hilliger, I., Ortega-Arranz, A. (eds) Technology-Enhanced Learning for a Free, Safe, and Sustainable World. EC-TEL 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12884. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86436-1_6</p> <p>• Licence : CC-BY</p>
Data for: Widespread support for a global species list with a formal governance system
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Data from: Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context
<p>The concepts of traits, plant functional types (PFT), and functional communities are effective tools for the study of complex phenomena such as plant community assembly. Here, we (1) suggest a procedure formalising the classification of response traits to construct a PFT system; (2) integrate the PFT, and species compositional data to formally define functional communities; and, (3) identify environmental drivers that underpin the functional-community patterns.A species–trait data set featuring species pooled from two study sites (Eneabba and Cooljarloo, Western Australia), both supporting kwongan vegetation (sclerophyllous scrub and woodland communities), was subjected to classification to define PFTs. Species of both study sites were replaced with the newly derived PFTs and projected cover abundance-weighted means calculated for every plot. Functional communities were defined by classifications of the abundance-weighted PFT data in the respective sites. Distance-based redundancy analysis (using the abundance-weighted community and environmental data) was used to infer drivers of the functional community patterns for each site.A classification based on trait data assisted in reducing trait-space complexity in the studied vegetation and revealed 26 PFTs shared across the study sites. In total, seven functional communities were identified. We demonstrate a putative functional-community pattern-driving effect of soil-texture (clay—sand) gradients at Eneabba (42% of the total inertia explained) and that of water repellence at Cooljarloo (36%). Synthesis. This paper presents a procedure formalising the classification of multiple response traits leading to the delineation of PFTs and functional communities. This step captures plant responses to stresses and disturbance characteristic of kwongan vegetation, including low nutrient status, water stress, and fire (a landscape-level disturbance factor). Our study is the first to introduce a formal procedure assisting their formal recognition. Our results support the role of short-term abiotic drivers structuring the formation of fine-scale functional community patterns in a complex, species-rich vegetation of Western Australia.</p>
Data from: Impact of involvement of non-formal health providers on TB case notification among migrant slum-dwelling populations in Odisha, India
Background: Migrant labourers living in the slums of urban and industrial patches across India make up a key sub-population so far controlling Tuberculosis (TB) in the country is concerned. This is because many TB patients from these communities remain under reached by the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) of India. This marginalized community usually seeks early-stage healthcare from "friendly neighbourhood" non-formal health providers (NFHPs). Because, RNTCP has limited capacity to involve the NFHPs, an implementation research project was conceived, whereby an external partner would engage with the NFHPs to enable them to identify early TB symptomatics from this key sub-population who would be then tested using Xpert MTB/RIF technology. Diagnosed TB cases among them would be referred promptly to RNTCP for treatment. This paper aimed to describe the project and its impact. Methods: Adopting a quasi-experimental before-after design, four RNTCP units from two major urban-industrial areas of Odisha were selected for intervention, which spanned five quarters and covered 151,400 people, of which 30% were slum-dwelling migrants. Two similar units comprised the control population. The hypothesis was, reaching the under reached in the intervention area through NFHPs would increase TB notification from these traditionally under-notifying units. RNTCP notification data during intervention was compared with pre-intervention era, adjusted for contemporaneous changes in control population. Results: The project detected 488 Xpert+ TB cases, of whom 466 were administered RNTCP treatment. This translated into notification of additional 198 new bacteriologically positive cases to RNTCP, a 30% notification surge, after adjustment for 2% decline in control. This meant an average quarterly increase in notification of 41.20(20.08, 62.31; p<0.001) cases. The increase was immediate, evident from the rise in level in the time series analysis by 50.42(10.28, 90.55; p=0.02) cases. Conclusion: Engagement with NFHPs contributed to an increase in TB notification to RNTCP from key under reached, slum-dwelling migrant populations.
Towards the formal verification of data-intensive applications through metric temporal logic
p>The dataset consists of a set of model descriptions representingnbsp;span>Storm topologies. It is designed on purpose to show the approach presented in the paper quot;/span>span>Towards the formal verification of data-intensive applications through m/span>span>etric/span>span>nbsp;temporalnbsp;/span>span>logicquot; (F. Marconi, M.M. Bersani, M. Erascu and M. Rossi) which focuses on the analysisnbsp;/span>span>of bottleneck nodes of data intensive applications implemented with Storm./span>/p>
Formalized information from the study protocols of three decentralized studies on rare diseases within the CORD project
<p>The file contains formalized information from the study protocols of decentralized studies on rare diseases within the CORD project. This includes the diagnoses that are coded with ICD-10-GM. The following diseases or use cases are described:</p><ul><li>Cystic Fibrosis and Pregnancy or Delivery</li><li>Phenylketonuria, Comorbidities and Pregnancy or Delivery</li><li>Kawasaki and Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS)</li></ul>
Minga of words and thoughts in a non-formal educational process. Systematization of the CORPOMANIGUA experience
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Study Data: Obtaining Semi-Formal Models from Qualitative Data: From Interviews into BPMN Models in User-Centered Design Processes
<p>This dataset (Data.zip) contains the raw data of a user study on the investigation of transforming think aloud interviews into BPMN models. All information on how to use the data are provide in the SPSS files and as a readme file. This transformation is executed following a manual additionally provided in Documents.zip. For the training phase, a website was used provided in Website.zip including Screenshots for simpler re-use. Further information are also included as readme file in the zip container.</p> <p>Main research question answered is in how far the manual reduces interpretation and variance in the created models. </p>
Formality annotated Japanese-English parallel data
<p>This is a dataset containing Japanese-English parallel data, annotated according to the formality of the Japanese sentences. The formality classification was automatic and was based on a rule-based formality classifier proposed by Feely et al. 19. The base unannotated parallel corpora that we used can be found at http://www.phontron.com/japanese-translation-data.php, a selection of Japanese-English parallel corpora curated by Graham Neubig.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.