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156 results for “functional localization”
Fig. 2 in The importance of isolated patches for maintaining local bird biodiversity and ecosystem function: a case study from the Pernambuco Center of Endemism, Northeast Brazil
Fig. 2. Functional dendrogram of species of birds found at Mata do Cedro, state of Alagoas, Brazil.
Functional consequences of phenotypic variation between locally adapted populations: swimming performance and ventilation in extremophile fish
<p>Natural selection drives the evolution of traits to optimize organismal performance, but optimization of one aspect of performance can often influence other aspects of performance. Here, we asked how phenotypic variation between locally adapted fish populations affects locomotion and ventilation, testing for functional trade-offs and trait-performance correlations. Specifically, we investigated two populations of livebearing fish (<em>Poecilia mexicana</em>) that inhabit distinct habitat types (hydrogen-sulfide-rich springs and adjacent nonsulfidic streams). For each individual, we quantified different metrics of burst swimming during simulated predator attacks, steady swimming, as well as gill ventilation. Coinciding with predictions, we documented significant population differences in all aspects of performance, with fish from sulfidic habitats exhibiting higher steady swimming performance and higher ventilation capacity, but slower burst swimming. There was a significant functional trade-off between steady and burst swimming, but not between different aspects of locomotion and ventilation. While our findings about population differences in locomotion performance largely parallel the results from previous studies, we provide novel insights about how morphological variation might impact ventilation and ultimately oxygen acquisition. Overall, our analyses provided insights into the functional consequences of previously documented phenotypic variation, which will help to disentangle the effects of different sources of selection that may coincide along complex environmental gradients.</p>
Raw data for the publication entitled -"Local disorder in calcined kaolinitic clays for pozzolanic early-age reactivity understanding: A Synchrotron Pair Distribution Function study-"
<p>Raw data for the publication entitled -"Local disorder in calcined kaolinitic clays for pozzolanic early-age reactivity understanding: A Synchrotron Pair Distribution Function study-". This includes: raw data for calorimetry, SXRPD,LXRPD,NMR and PSD.</p>
Receiver functions, SKS/SKKS and local S-wave waveforms in western-central Tibet
<p>This data set consist of P-wave receiver functions (PRFs), SKS/SKKS and local S-wave waveforms collected from the seismic stations in western-central Tibet that are used in the study of Zhang et al. (2023). Recordings are mainly from the ZJU-Tibet seismological array between September 2018 and June 2021 operated by Zhejiang University, and supplemented with the PRFs from 'Hi-CLIMB', 'HIMNT', and 'U.S.-China West Tibet' networks. The picked arrivals of Moho P-to-S converted phases on PRFs are also provided. Please note that this data is provided for reproduction purposes only.</p>
Data for: Local conditions matter: Minimal and variable effects of soil disturbance on microbial communities and functions in European vineyards
<p>Soil tillage or herbicide applications are commonly us<span>ed in agriculture for weed control. These measures may also represent a disturbance for soil microbial communities and their functions. However, the generality of response patterns of microbial communities and functions to disturbance have rarely been studied at large geographical scales. We investigated how a soil disturbance gradient (low, intermediate, high), realized by either tillage or herbicide application, affects diversity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities as well as soil functions in vineyards across five European countries. Microbial alpha-diversity metrics responded to soil disturbance sporadically, but inconsistently across countries. Increasing soil disturbance changed soil microbial community composition at the European level. However, the effects of soil disturbance on the variation of microbial communities were smaller compared to the effects of location and soil covariates. Microbial respiration was consistently impaired by soil disturbance, while effects on decomposition of organic substrates were inconsistent and showed positive and negative responses depending on the respective country. </span><span>Therefore, we conclude that it is difficult to extrapolate results from one locality to others because microbial communities and environmental conditions vary strongly over larger geographical scales.</span><span> </span></p>
Voiding Function After Mid-Urethral Slings With and Without Local Anesthetic: Randomized Controlled Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01583166. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Sequence-structure-function relationships in class I MHC: a local frustration perspective
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Functional consequences of phenotypic variation between locally adapted populations: swimming performance and ventilation in extremophile fish
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Data from: Parallel changes in gut microbiome composition and function during colonization, local adaptation and ecological speciation
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Data from: STAR locally prolongs effective refractory period and increases ventricular tachycardia cycle length without short-term scar formation or functional decline: Insights from a translational porcine model study
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Data for: Local conditions matter: Minimal and variable effects of soil disturbance on microbial communities and functions in European vineyards
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Data from: Mannose glycosylation is an integral step for human NIS localization and function in breast cancer cells
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Data from: Genome-wide local ancestry and the functional consequences of admixture in African and European cattle populations
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Data from: Intraspecific variation in host plant traits mediates taxonomic and functional composition of local insect herbivore communities
<p class="abstract_para">Host plant phenotypic traits affect the structure of the associated consumer community and mediate species interactions. We compare herbivore assemblages from the canopy of the phenotypically variable tree <em class="fi">Metrosideros polymorpha</em> on Hawai'i Island. Multiple distinct varieties of <em class="fi">M. polymorpha</em> frequently co‐occur, with variation in morphological traits. Using this system, we identify host and insect traits that underlie patterns of herbivore abundance and quantify the strength of host‐insect trait interactions.</p> <p class="abstract_para">The dataset includes host plant phenotypic traits (specific leaf area, leaf water content, foliar nutrients, trichome presence), as well as collection information. The dataset also contains the herbivorous insect community associated with this host plant, their abundances and life history traits. R code for analyses in this article is also included.</p>
Connectivity-based localization of human hypothalamic nuclei in functional images of standard voxel size
<p>Despite their critical roles in autonomic functions, individual hypothalamic nuclei have not been extensively investigated in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging, partly due to the difficulty in resolving individual nuclei contained in the small structure of the hypothalamus. Areal parcellation analyses enable discrimination of individual hypothalamic nuclei but require a higher spatial resolution, which necessitates long scanning time or large amounts of data to compensate for the low signal-to-noise ratio in 3T or 1.5T scanners. In this study, we present analytic procedures to estimate likely locations of individual nuclei in the standard 2-mm resolution based on our higher resolution dataset. The spatial profiles of functional connectivity with the cerebral cortex for each nucleus in the medial hypothalamus were calculated using our higher resolution dataset. Voxels in the hypothalamus in standard resolution images from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) database that predominantly shared connectivity profiles with the same nucleus were subsequently identified. Voxels representing individual nuclei, as identified with the analytic procedures, were reproducible across 20 HCP datasets of 20 subjects each. Furthermore, the identified voxels were spatially separate. These results suggest that these analytic procedures are capable of refining voxels that represent individual hypothalamic nuclei in standard resolution. Our results highlight the potential utility of these procedures in various settings such as patient studies, where lengthy scans are infeasible.</p>
Once upon a time in the far south: Influence of local drivers and functional traits on plant invasion in the harsh sub-Antarctic islands
<p>Data and R code to replicate the analyses presented in the manuscript "Once upon a time in the far south: Influence of local drivers and functional traits on plant invasion in the harsh sub-Antarctic islands".</p>
Data from: Fencing solves human‐wildlife conflict locally but shifts problems elsewhere: a case study using functional connectivity modelling of the African elephant
1. Fencing is one of the commonest methods for mitigating human-wildlife conflicts. At the same time, fencing is considered to be of one of the most pressing emerging threats to conservation globally. Although fences act as barriers and eventually can cause population isolation and fragmentation, it is challenging to quantitatively predict the possible consequences fences have for wildlife. 2. Here, we model how fencing designed to mitigate human-elephant conflict (HEC) on the Borderlands between Kenya and Tanzania will affect functional connectivity and movement corridors for African elephants. Specifically, we (1) model functional landscape connectivity integrating natural and anthropogenic factors; (2) predict seasonal movement corridors used by elephants in non-protected areas; and (3) evaluate whether fencing in one area can potentially intensify human-wildlife conflicts elsewhere. 3. We used GPS movement and remote sensing data to develop monthly step-selection functions to model functional connectivity. For future scenarios, we used a currently ongoing fencing project designed for human-elephant conflict mitigation within the study area. We modelled movement corridors using least-cost path and circuit theory methods, evaluated their predictive power and quantified connectivity changes resulting from the planned fencing. 4. Our results suggest that fencing will not cause landscape fragmentation and will not change functional landscape connectivity dramatically. However, fencing will lead to a loss of connectivity locally and will increase the potential for HEC in new areas. We estimated that wetlands important for movement corridors will be more intensively used by the elephants, which may also cause problems of overgrazing. Seasonal analysis highlighted an increasing usage of non-protected lands in the dry season and equal importance of the pinch point wetlands for preserving overall function connectivity. 5. Synthesis and applications. Fencing is a solution to small-scale HEC problems, but will not solve the issue at a broader scale. Moreover, our results highlight that it may intensify the conflicts and overuse of habitat patches in other areas, thereby negating any conservation benefits. If fencing is employed on a broader scale, then it is imperative that corridors are integrated within the protected area network to ensure local connectivity of affected species.
Data from: Spatial patterns of neutral and functional genetic variation reveal patterns of local adaptation in raccoon (Procyon lotor) populations exposed to raccoon rabies
Local adaptation is necessary for population survival and depends on the interplay between responses to selective forces and demographic processes that introduce or retain adaptive and maladaptive attributes. Host-parasite systems are dynamic, varying in space and time, where both host and parasites must adapt to their ever-changing environment in order to survive. We investigated patterns of local adaptation in raccoon populations with varying temporal exposure to the raccoon rabies virus (RRV). RRV infects approximately 85% of the population when epizootic and has been presumed to be completely lethal once contracted; however, disease challenge experiments and varying spatial patterns of RRV spread suggest some level of immunity may exist. We first assessed patterns of local adaptation in raccoon populations along the eastern seaboard of North America by contrasting spatial patterns of neutral (microsatellite loci) and functional, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genetic diversity and structure. We explored variation of MHC allele frequencies in light of temporal population exposure to RRV (0-60 years) and specific RRV strains in infected raccoons. Our results revealed high levels of MHC variation (66 DRB exon 2 alleles) and pronounced genetic structure relative to neutral microsatellite loci, indicative of local adaptation. We found a positive association linking MHC genetic diversity and temporal RRV exposure, but no association with susceptibility and resistance to RRV strains. These results have implications for landscape epidemiology studies seeking to predict the spread of RRV and present an example of how population demographics influence the degree to which populations adapt to local selective pressures.
Data from: Functional decoupling between flowers and leaves in the Ameroglossum pernambucense complex can facilitate local adaptation across a pollinator and climatic heterogeneous landscape
Decoupling between floral and leaf traits is expected in plants with specialized pollination systems to assure a precise flower–pollinator fit, irrespective of leaf variation associated with environmental heterogeneity (functional modularity). Nonetheless, developmental interactions among floral traits also decouple flowers from leaves regardless of selection pressures (developmental modularity). We tested functional modularity in the hummingbird-pollinated flowers of the Ameroglossum pernambucense complex while controlling for developmental modularity. Using two functional traits responsible for flower–pollinator fit [floral tube length (TL) and anther–nectary distance (AN)], one floral trait not linked to pollination [sepal length (SL), control for developmental modularity] and one leaf trait [leaf length (LL)], we found evidence of flower functional modularity. Covariation between TL and AN was ca. two-fold higher than the covariation of either of these traits with sepal and leaf lengths, and variations in TL and AN, important for a precise flower–pollinator fit, were smaller than SL and LL variations. Furthermore, we show that previously reported among-population variation of flowers associated with local pollinator phenotypes was independent from SL and LL variations. These results suggest that TL and AN are functionally linked to fit pollinators and sufficiently decoupled from developmentally related floral traits (SL) and vegetative traits (LL). These results support previous evidences of population differentiation due to local adaptation in the A. pernambucense complex and shed light on the role of flower–leaf decoupling for local adaptation in species distributed across biotic and abiotic heterogeneous landscapes.
Implementation and Results of a Randomized Local Search on the 2D Rectangular Bin Packing Problem with Item Rotation using Different Objective Functions
<p><strong><em>1. Introduction</em></strong></p> <p>In this archive, we provide the implementation and experimental results of a Randomized Local Search (RLS) applied to the two-dimensional bin packing problem without orientation (where items can be rotated by 90 degrees). As benchmark dataset, we use the <code>beng</code>, <code>A</code>, and <code>class</code> instances from <a href="https://site.unibo.it/operations-research/en/research/2dpacklib">2DPackLib</a> as well as the four non-trivial Almost Squares in Almost Squares (<a href="https://math.vu.nl/~sbhulai/publications/data_analytics2016b.pdf"><code>Asqas</code></a>) instances</p> <p>These are the data used in the paper below, which contains the exact specification of all algorithms, objective functions, and the encoding we applied.</p> <p>Rui Zhao, Tianyu Liang, Zhize Wu, Daan van den Berg, Matthias Thürer, and Thomas Weise. 2024. Randomized Local Search on the 2D Rectangular Bin Packing Problem with Item Rotation. In <em>Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO'24 Companion),</em> July 14–18, 2024, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 4 pages. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3638530.3654139">10.1145/3638530.3654139</a>.</p> <p>To run the experiments, you need <a href="https://thomasweise.github.io/moptipyapps">moptipyapps</a> version 0.8.34 and <a href="https://thomasweise.github.io/moptipy">moptipy</a> version 0.9.98, which contain the actual algorithm implementations. Both packages are available on GitHub and on PyPI. However, we include several versions of them in the folder <code>source/packages</code>, just in case.</p> <p><strong><em>2. Directory Structure</em></strong></p> <p>This archive contains the following directories:</p> <ul> <li><code>source</code> contains the Python source codes needed to run the experiment.</li> <li><code>source/packages</code> contains the source codes of the Python packages with the actual algorithm implementations.</li> <li><code>data</code> is the directory with the results and their evaluation.</li> <li><code>data/results</code> is the directory with the log files generated by the experiment. In this folder, there are two sub-folders, <code>ibf1</code> and <code>ibf2</code>. We tested two different encodings, but found that the second one (<code>ibf2</code>) is too slow to do meaningful experiments. Thus, the experiments with it were abandoned and only one objective function was tested. We include <code>ibf2</code> for the sake of completeness, whereas <code>ibf1</code> was used in our paper. Either way, both <code>ibfX</code> folders contain one directory for each objective function applied to them. In each such directory, there is one folder (for the single algorithm applied) and this folder, in return, contains one folder per benchmark instance. The benchmark instance folders contain the three log files of the three runs that we applied to each instance/algorithm/objective combination.<br>Each log file contains information of one run, i.e., one execution of one algorithm on one problem instance. All improving moves of a run as well as the final solution are stored in the log file.</li> <li><code>data/evaluator</code> is the folder containing Python scripts that were used to evaluate these results. Two scripts are provided: <code>evaluator_short.py</code> was used for generating the tables used in the final paper version. <code>evaluator_full.py</code> provides larger tables, which could not be included in the final paper due to space reasons.</li> <li>Folder <code>evaluation_full</code> was generated using <code>evaluator_full.py</code> and contains tables and figures and a result summary in CSV format.</li> <li>Folder <code>evaluation_short</code> was generated using <code>evaluator_short.py</code> and contains both the tables used in the paper as well as a result summary in CSV format.</li> </ul> <p><strong><em>3. License</em></strong></p> <p>The files in this repository are under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</a>, with the exception of the files of <a href="https://site.unibo.it/operations-research/en/research/2dpacklib">2DPackLib</a> and other benchmark datasets included, which are under copyright of their respective owner (we believe that they are in the public domain, as they are provided by many sources, included in many software packages under various open source licenses, and on many websites). The license is contained as file <code>LICENSE.txt</code> in this archive.</p> <p><strong><em>4. Contact</em></strong></p> <p>If you have any questions or suggestions, please contact</p> <p>Mr. Rui ZHAO (赵睿) of the Institute of Applied Optimization (应用优化研究所, <a href="http://iao.hfuu.edu.cn">IAO</a>) of the School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data (<a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn/aibd/">人工智能与大数据学院</a>) at <a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn/english/">Hefei University</a> (<a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn/">合肥大学</a>) in Hefei, Anhui, China (中国安徽省合肥市) via email to <a href="mailto:zr1329142665@163.com">zr1329142665@163.com</a>.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.