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73 results for “fungi and lichens”
FIGURE 4 in The genus Siphula Fr. (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi) in Venezuela
FIGURE 4. Characteristic substrates of Siphula species in Venezuela. A. S. carassana associated with cyanobacteria on quartzite rock, Churí tepui, Chimantá massif, 2350 m, Guayana Highlands. B. S. decumbens associated with Neuropogon and Usnea on granitic rock, Paramo La Victoria, Sierra Nevada de Mérida, 3200 m, Venezuelan Andes.
FIGURE 3 in The genus Siphula Fr. (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi) in Venezuela
FIGURE 3. Typical habitats of Siphula species on Venezuela. A. Humid sandstone tableland, top of Churí tepui, Chimantá massif, 2350 m, Guayana Highlands. B. Exposed rock surfaces, Paramo Los Conejos, Sierra La Culata, 3200 m, Venezuelan Andes.
FIGURE 6. Siphula chimantensis. A in The genus Siphula Fr. (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi) in Venezuela
FIGURE 6. Siphula chimantensis. A. ventral surface; scale = 0.5cm. B. dorsal surface (V. Marcano CHU–06–05 holotype); scale = 0.4 cm.
FIGURE 1 in The genus Siphula Fr. (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi) in Venezuela
FIGURE 1. Morphological details and chemical relationships in Siphula species from Guayana Highlands. Meta-depsides and chromone: A, S. carassana, wrinkled and branched lobe (thamnolic and decarboxythamnolic acids, siphulin), scale = 0.4 cm; meta-depsides: B, S. chimantensis, flabellate lobes (thamnolic and hypothamnolic acids), scale = 0.5 cm; para-depsides: C, S. subsimplex, short terete and erect lobes with truncate or concave apices (squamatic acid), scale = 2 mm; D, S. subpteruloides, long terete lobe with concave, truncate, not eroded apices (squamatic and baeomycesic acids), scale = 0.5 cm.
Data from: Species boundaries in the messy middle – testing the hypothesis of micro-endemism in a recently diverged lineage of coastal fog desert lichen fungi
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Species delimitation among closely related species is challenging because traditional phenotype-based approaches, e.g., morphology, ecological, or chemical characteristics, often produce conflicting results. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing, it has become increasingly cost-effective to acquire genome-scale data which can resolve previously ambiguous species boundaries. As the availability of genome-scale data has increased, numerous species delimitation analyses, such as BPP and SNAPP+Bayes factor delimitation (BFD*), have been developed to delimit species boundaries. However, even empirical molecular species delimitation approaches can be biased by confounding evolutionary factors, e.g., hybridization/introgression and incomplete lineage sorting, and computational limitations. Here we investigate species <span><span>boundaries and the potential for micro-endemism in a lineage of lichen-forming fungi, <i>Niebla </i>Rundel & Bowler in the family Ramalinaceae. The species delimitation models tend to support more specious groupings, but were unable to infer robust, consistent species delimitations. </span></span>The results of our study highlight the problem of delimiting species, particularly in groups such as <i>Niebla</i>, with complex, recent phylogeographic histories.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
The complete mitochondrial genomes of five lichenized fungi in the genus Usnea (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae)
<p>ABSTRACT: Known colloquially as ‘Old Man’s Beard’, <em>Usnea</em> is a genus of lichenized Ascomycete fungi characterized by having a fruticose growth form and cartilaginous central axis. The complete mitochondrial genomes of <em>Usnea halei</em>, <em>U. mutabilis</em>, <em>U. subfusca</em>, <em>U. subgracilis</em>, and <em>U. subscabrosa</em> were sequenced using Illumina data and then assembled <em>de novo</em>. These mitogenomes ranged in size from 52,486 bp (<em>U. subfusca</em>) to 94,464 bp (<em>U. subgracilis</em>). All were characterized by having high levels of intronic and intergenic variation, such as ORFs that encode proteins with homology to two homing endonuclease types, LAGLIDADG and GIY-YIG. Genes annotated within these mitogenomes include 14 protein-coding genes, the large and small ribosomal subunits (LSU and SSU), and 23–26 tRNAs. Notably, the <em>atp9</em> gene was absent from each genome. Genomic synteny was highly conserved across the five species. Five conserved mitochondrial genes (<em>nad2</em>, <em>nad4</em>, <em>cox1</em>, <em>cox2</em>, and <em>cox3</em>) were used to infer a best estimate maximum likelihood phylogeny among these five <em>Usnea</em> and other relatives, which yielded relationships consistent with prior published phylogenies.</p>
FIGURE 2. Cladonia flavocrispata. A in Ten new species of Cladonia (Cladoniaceae, Lichenized Fungi) from the Guianas and Venezuela, South America
FIGURE 2. Cladonia flavocrispata. A. isotype (B); B. Guyana specimen of uncertain affinity (Sipman 40299 (B)). Bar = 2 cm.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Heterodermia (Ascomycota, Physciaceae) from India, along with a new record and range extension of lichenized fungi in India
FIGURE 1. Heterodermia himalayana (holotype) a. Thallus with phyllidia/dorsiventral lobules (Scale = 5 mm); b. Inset image showing yellow medulla (Scale = 2 mm).
FIGURE 6 in Siphula paramensis V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi), a new species from the high paramo in Venezuela
FIGURE 6. Typical habitat of Siphula paramensis on the Sierra Nevada de Merida at the Venezuelan Andes, 3800 m. A. Paramo Los Chorros valley. B. Steep moraine slope. Arrows indicate the site of the populations.
FIGURE 1 in Siphula paramensis V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi), a new species from the high paramo in Venezuela
FIGURE 1. Habit of Siphula paramensis (V. Marcano, L. Castillo & D. Abreu 21–65 holotype); scale = 0.6 cm.
FIGURE 3 in Siphula paramensis V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi), a new species from the high paramo in Venezuela
FIGURE 3. Comparison of cross sections in Siphula paramensis (A and B) and S. subsimplex (C and D). A–B. Specimens showing thin cortex, continuous algal layer and compact medulla (V. Marcano, L. Castillo & D. Abreu 21–65 holotype); A, scale = 0.3 mm; B, scale = 0.4 mm. C–D. Thicker cortex, algal layer sometimes interrupted, and compact medulla with cells occasionally interspersed (V. Marcano CHU-28-05 holotype); scales = 0.4 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Siphula paramensis V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi), a new species from the high paramo in Venezuela
FIGURE 5. Characteristic substrate of Siphula paramensis growing on exposed, granitic rock surfaces in steep slope, Paramo Los Chorros valley, Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Venezuelan Andes.
FIGURE 2 in Siphula paramensis V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi), a new species from the high paramo in Venezuela
FIGURE 2. Comparative details of lobes in Siphula paramensis (A and B) and S. subsimplex (C and D). A–B. Specimens exhibiting rounded, rugose, entire apices (V. Marcano, L. Castillo & D. Abreu 21–65, holotype); scale = 0.6 mm. C–D. Secondary, erect, more or less terete divisions emerging from the apices (V. Marcano CHU–28–05, holotype); C, scale 0.4 mm; D, scale = 0.5 mm.
Diversity of lichenized fungi in the Argentinean, Brazilian and Uruguayan pampas
<p>A review of the literature on the occurrence of species of lichenized fungi (lichens) in the Pampa biome, which encompasses part of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.a review of the literature on the occurrence of species of lichenized fungi (lichens) in the Pampa biome, which encompasses part of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.</p>
Data from: Chirleja buckii, a new genus and species of lichenized-fungi from Tierra del Fuego, southern South America
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Data from: Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi – No. 19: further notes on species from the Coastal Plain of southeastern North America
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Data from: Species boundaries in the messy middle – testing the hypothesis of micro-endemism in a recently diverged lineage of coastal fog desert lichen fungi
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Data from: Studies in Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi – no. 18: resolution of three names introduced by Degelius and Magnusson based on material from the Great Smoky Mountains
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Supplementary material 1 from: Ravera S, Puglisi M, Vizzini A, Totti C, Barberis G, Bianchi E, Boemo A, Bonini I, Bouvet D, Cocozza C, Dagnino D, Di Nuzzo L, Fačkovcová Z, Gheza G, Gianfreda S, Giordani P, Hilpold A, Hurtado P, Köckinger H, Isocrono D, Loppi S, Malicek J, Matino C, Minuto L, Nascimbene J, Pandeli G, Paoli L, Puntillo D, Puntillo M, Rossi A, Sguazzin F, Spitale D, Stifter S, Turcato C, Vazzola S (2020) Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 10. Italian Botanist 10: 83-99. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.10.59352
Figure S1
Figure 5 from: Usman M, Dyer PS, Brock M, Wade CM, Khalid AN (2024) Two novel species of arctic-alpine lichen-forming fungi (Ascomycota, Megasporaceae) from the Deosai Plains, Pakistan. MycoKeys 102: 285-299. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.102.113310
Figure 5 Phylogenetic tree of the genus Oxneriaria as generated by Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses, based on mtSSU sequences. Bootstrap values > 70%, based on 1,000 replicates are shown at the branches. Novel sequences, generated during this study, are shown in bold.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.