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88 results for “fungicide”
Low toxicity crop fungicide (Fenbuconazole) impacts reproductive male quality signals leading to a reduction of mating success in a wild solitary bee
<p>Recent reports on bee health suggest that sub-lethal doses of pesticides have negative effects on wild bee reproduction and ultimately on their population growth.</p> <p>Females of the solitary horned mason bee, Osmia cornuta, evaluate thoracic vibrations and odours of males to assess male quality. When certain criteria are met, the female accepts the male and copulates. However, these signals were found to be modified by sub-lethal doses of pesticides in other hymenopterans. Here, we tested whether sub-lethal doses of a commonly used fungicide (Fenbuconazole) impact male quality signals and mating success in O. cornuta.</p> <p>Males exposed to Fenbuconazole exhibited reduced thoracic vibrations and an altered cuticular hydrocarbon profile compared to the control bees. Moreover, males exposed to the fungicide were less successful in mating than control males.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our results indicate that a low toxicity fungicide can negatively affect male reproductive success by altering behavioural and chemical cues. This could explain the decreasing pollinator populations in a pesticide-polluted environment. This study highlights the need for a more comprehensive approach, including behaviour and chemical cues, when testing new pesticides and a more cautionary approach to the pesticides already used on crops.</p>
Dataset: Efficiency of organic fungicides against the formation of Erysiphe necator chasmothecia in vineyards
<p>Data repository of the raw data for the data analysis of the article: "Efficiency of organic fungicides against the formation of <em>Erysiphe necator</em> chasmothecia in vineyards", published in Pest Management Science: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.7487</p>
"Efficacy of Plant-derived Fungicides at Inhibiting Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Growth" Dataset and Code
<p>The emerging fungal amphibian pathogen, <em>Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans </em>(<em>Bsal</em>), is currently spreading across Europe and given its estimated invasion potential, has the capacity to decimate salamander populations worldwide. Fungicides are a promising <em>in situ </em>management strategy for <em>Bsal</em> due to their ability to treat the environment and infected individuals. However, antifungal drugs or pesticides could adversely affect the environment and non-target hosts, thus identifying safe, effective candidate fungicides for <em>in situ </em>treatment is needed. Here, we estimated the inhibitory fungicidal efficacy of five plant-derived fungicides (thymol, curcumin, allicin, 6-gingerol, and Pond Pimafix®) and one chemical fungicide (Virkon® Aquatic) against <em>Bsal </em>zoospores <em>in vitro</em>. We used a broth microdilution method in 48-well plates to test the efficacy of six concentrations per fungicide on <em>Bsal </em>zoospore viability. Following plate incubation, we performed cell viability assays and agar plate growth trials to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of each fungicide. All six fungicides exhibited inhibitory and fungicidal effects against <em>Bsal </em>growth, with estimated MIC concentrations ranging from 60 to 0.156 μg/mL for the different compounds. Allicin showed the greatest efficacy (i.e., lowest MIC and MFC) against<em> Bsal </em>zoospores followed by curcumin, Pond Pimafix®, thymol, 6-gingerol, and Virkon® Aquatic, respectively. Our results provide evidence that plant-derived fungicides are effective at inhibiting and killing <em>Bsal </em>zoospores <em>in vitro </em>and may be useful for <em>in situ </em>treatment. Additional studies are needed to estimate the efficacy of these fungicides at inactivating <em>Bsal</em> in the environment and treating <em>Bsal</em>-infected amphibians.</p>
Consumption of pollen contaminated with field-realistic concentrations of fungicide cause sub-lethal effects in common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens [Hymenoptera]: [Apidae]) microcolonies
<p>Bumble bees are declining across the globe. Causes of this decline have been attributed to a variety of stressors, including pesticides. Fungicides are a type of pesticide that have been understudied in the context of bumble bee health. As a result, fungicides are often applied to flowering plants without consideration of pollinator exposure. Recent work demonstrates that fungicides have sublethal effects in bumble bees, but little is known about how much fungicide it takes to cause these sublethal effects. To address this gap in the literature, we fed microcolonies of the common eastern bumble bee (<em>Bombus impatiens</em>) pollen contaminated with a range of fungicide concentrations. We chose these concentrations based on the range of fungicide concentrations in pollen and nectar that were reported in the literature. Results revealed that later-stage pupae and newly emerged males are potentially sensitive to fungicide exposure, showing smaller size and reduced fat reserves at intermediate levels of contamination. Compared to the control, intermediated levels of fungicide-contaminated pollen led to increased pupal mortality and delayed male emergence. Contrary to expectations, higher fungicide levels did not exhibit a linear relationship with negative impacts, suggesting nuanced effects. Because body size and emergence timing are important aspects of bumble bee reproductive behavior, results have implications for mating success, potentially disrupting colony development.</p>
Mass spectrometry Imaging dataset for a study on fungicide application to tomato leaves - II
<p>The dataset uploaded here is in association to a manuscript in press by Ajith et al., titled, "Visualizing active fungicide formulation mobility in tomato leaves with Desorption Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Imaging". This dataset contains .imzML files along with zipped .ibd files of mass spectrometry imaging data and .mzML format LC-MS data for a fungicide applicaion study on tomato leaves. DESI Imprint imaging data here is for tomato leaves applied with Azoxystrobin standard after 24 hours, 56 hours and a week after formulation application along with a blank leaf data with no Azoxystrobin application.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>File name</strong></td> <td><strong>Time point</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>DTIM_Std_24h</td> <td>24h</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DTIM_Std_56h</td> <td>56h</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DTIM_Std_1week</td> <td>1 week</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DTIM_Blank</td> <td> No application</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>This data upload contains a zipped LC-MS data folder (LC_mzML.7z). The details of the files, the time point of sampling and part of leaf is in the excel sheet uploaded along with the data (LC-MS_datanames.xls).</p> <p> </p>
Selected Fungicides as Potential EDC Estrogenic Micropollutants in the Environment
<p>The aim of the conducted studies was to check the activity of active substances of selected fungicides: boscalid, cyprodinil and iprodione and to analyze their potential estrogenic activity. The studies were carried out using two model cell lines MCF-7 and T47D- KBluc. The cells were selected for their response to 17ß-estradiol, which meant that they could be used to study estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity of chemical substances. The cytotoxic activity of the fungicides tested was assessed using the MTT test on two cell lines. The estrogen receptor (ER) reporter gene test was performed, which is referred to as the T47D-KBluc test. The E-Screen test was performed on the MCF-7 line, the principle of which is based on the increased proliferation of human breast cancer cells in the presence of substances with potential estrogenic activity. ROS content and zeta potential were also estimated. </p>
Supplementary Data for: Whole genome sequencing elucidates the species-wide diversity and evolution of fungicide resistance in the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani
<p>Supplementary Data for: Whole genome sequencing elucidates the species-wide diversity and evolution of fungicide resistance in the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani</p> <p>This repository contains:</p> <p>SNP call data / VCF file</p> <p>Scripts for all processing steps from mapping up to PCA and phylogenetic analyses (script.ts)<br> Scripts for population genomic analyses with LEA and PopGenome (scripts.SE)<br> All script names are self explanatory.</p>
Fungicide-free management of Alternaria leaf blotch and fruit spot on apple indicates Alternaria spp. as secondary colonizer
<p>Raw data of the article: <strong>"Fungicide-free management of Alternaria leaf blotch and fruit spot on apple indicates <em>Alternaria spp</em>. as secondary colonizer"</strong>, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35448-2</p> <p>-->see Read Me file</p>
Bee-associated fungi mediate effects of fungicides on bumble bees
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Increasing agricultural habitat reduces solitary bee offspring number and weight in apple orchards through reduced floral diet diversity and increased fungicide risk
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Data from: Effects of fungicide and herbicide on a non-target butterfly performance
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Data related to: Bottom-up effects of fungicides on tadpoles of the European common frog (Rana temporaria)
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Fungicide consumption exacerbates the negative effects of a common gut parasite in bumble bee
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Low toxicity crop fungicide (Fenbuconazole) impacts reproductive male quality signals leading to a reduction of mating success in a wild solitary bee
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Consumption of pollen contaminated with field-realistic concentrations of fungicide cause sub-lethal effects in common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens [Hymenoptera]: [Apidae]) microcolonies
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Developing seedheads treated with fungicide and insecticide:Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Systemic fungicides reduce the abundance of yeast-like symbiotes and the performance of the planthopper Delphacodes kuscheli (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
<p>Raw Data</p>
Data from: Soft selective sweeps in fungicide resistance evolution: recurrent mutations without fitness costs in grapevine downy mildew
Adaptation produces hard or soft selective sweeps depending on the supply of adaptive genetic polymorphism. The evolution of pesticide resistance in parasites is a striking example of rapid adaptation that can shed light on selection processes. Plasmopara viticola, which causes grapevine downy mildew, forms large populations, in which resistance has rapidly evolved due to excessive fungicide use. We investigated the pathways by which fungicide resistance has evolved in this plant pathogen, to determine whether hard or soft selective sweeps were involved. An analysis of nucleotide polymorphism in 108 field isolates from the Bordeaux region revealed recurrent mutations of cytb and CesA3 conferring resistance to quinone outside inhibiting (QoI) and carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides, respectively. Higher levels of genetic differentiation were observed for nucleotide positions involved in resistance than for neutral microsatellites, consistent with local adaptation of the pathogen to fungicide treatments. No hitchhiking was found between selected sites and neighbouring polymorphisms in cytb and CesA3, confirming multiple origins of resistance alleles. We assessed resistance costs, by evaluating the fitness of the 108 isolates through measurements of multiple quantitative pathogenicity traits under controlled conditions. No significant differences were found between sensitive and resistant isolates, suggesting that fitness costs may be absent or negligible. Our results indicate that the rapid evolution of fungicide resistance in P. viticola has involved a soft sweep.
Data from: Meta-analysis of yield response of foliar fungicide-treated hybrid corn in the United States and Ontario, Canada
Background: Foliar fungicide applications to corn (Zea mays) occur at one or more application timings ranging from early vegetative growth stages to mid-reproductive stages. Previous studies indicated that fungicide applications are profitable under high disease pressure when applied during the tasseling to silking growth stages. Few comprehensive studies in corn have examined the impact of fungicide applications at an early vegetative growth stage (V6) compared to late application timings (VT) for yield response and return on fungicide investment (ROI) across multiple locations. Objective: Compare yield response of fungicide application timing across multiple fungicide classes and calculate the probability of positive ROI. Data sources: Data were collected specifically for this analysis using a uniform protocol conducted in 13 states in the United States and one province in Canada from 2014 - 2015. Synthesis methods: Data were subjected to a primary mixed-model analysis of variance. Subsequent univariate meta-analyses, with and without moderator variables, were performed using standard meta-analytic procedures. Follow-up power and prediction analyses were performed to aid interpretation and development of management recommendations. Results: Fungicide application resulted in a positive yield response in 68.2% of the 436 trial-studies. All three moderator variables tested (application timing, fungicide class, and disease base level), had a significant effect (=0.05) on the absolute difference in yield between fungicide treated and non-treated plots ( ¯D). Application timing influenced ¯D, with V6 + VT and the VT application timings resulting in greater yield responses than the V6 application timing alone. Fungicide formulations that combined demethylation inhibitor and quinone outside inhibitor fungicides significantly increased yield response. Conclusion: Foliar fungicide applications can increase corn grain yield. To ensure the likelihood of a positive ROI, farmers should focus on applications at VT and use fungicides that include a mix of demethylation inhibitor and quinone outside inhibitor active ingredients.
Supplementary material 4 from: Lu X, Mai M, Tan W, Zhang M, Xie J, Lu Y, Niu XL, Zhang W (2023) Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Microdochium chrysopogonis (Ascomycota, Amphisphaeriaceae), a new species causing tar spot of Chrysopogon zizanioides in southern China. MycoKeys 100: 205-232. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.100.112128
Phylogenetic tree inferred from a maximum likelihood analysis based on a combined alignment of tub2 sequences of 80 isolates of the Microdochium sp.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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