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240 results for “gall-inducer”
Figure 5 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 5. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A-B) Vochysiaceae = Qualea grandiflora, (C-D) Vochysiaceae = Qualea parviflora. of gall morphotypes per host plant species was 1.37. species was significantly influenced both by plant spe- Gall-inducing arthropods belonged to Acari, Diptera, cies richness (p = 0.011) and abundance of super-host Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. The most important gall-in- plants (p = 0.020) (Table 2). We found that galling speducing arthropods were Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) having cies per plant species was negatively affected by plant induced 34 (85.0%) gall morphotypes. In the sequence species richness (Fig. 6) and positively affected by abunwere Eriophyidae (Acari) inducing three (7.5%) mor- dance of super-host plants (Fig. 7). photypes, Psylloidea (Hemiptera) inducing two (5.0%) morphotypes, and Lepidoptera inducing a single (2.5%) morphotype. DISCUSSION The plant families that showed the greatest richness of arthropod galls were Fabaceae, with 16 (40.0%) mor- The number of galling species observed in the area photypes, Vochysiaceae with four (10.0%) and Myrtaceae of EPA of Rio Pandeiros (40 morphotypes) is intermediary (7.5%) with three morphotypes (Table 1). The plant spe- compared to other studies performed in Neotropical sacies Copaifera oblongifolia and Andira humilis Mart. ex vannas (Table 3). Forexample, Urso-Guimarãesetal. (2003) Benth. (Fabaceae) were the most important host spe- recorded only 22 gall morphotypes in cerrado fragments, cies with five and three morphotypes, respectively. All rupestrian field and gallery forest in Delfinópolis, Minas other host plant species had two or one morphotypes Gerais State. In other study, Maia & Fernandes (2004) re- (Table 1). Most of the arthropod galls occurred on leaves corded 137 morphotypes of insect galls in an area of rup- (90.0%), and was lenticular (45.0%), green (52.5%) and estrian fields and cerrado in the Serra de São José, Minas glabrous (82.5%). Gerais. These numbers extremely variable in the diversi- Galling species richness was not affected by none of ty of galling species can be explained by several factors, explanatory variables (Table 2), despite the tendency of among which are different sampling efforts employed in a positive effect of abundance of super-hosts on the gall the studies, as well as variations in the structural characrichness (p = 0.057). Already the galling species per plant teristics and diversity of the studied vegetation. The stan-
Figure 4 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 4. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A) Fabaceae = Tachigali alba, (B) Malpighiaceae = Malpighiaceae sp., (C) Malvaceae = Eriotheca gracilipes, (D) Myrtaceae = Eugenia dysenterica, (E) Myrtaceae = Eugenia sp., (F) Myrtaceae = Psidium sp., (G) Ochnaceae = Ouratea hexasperma, (H) Ochnaceae = Ouratea spectabilis.
Figure 3 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 3. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A-D) Fabaceae = Copaifera oblongifolia, (E) Fabaceae = Hymenaea stigonocarpa, (F-G) Fabaceae = Machaerium opacum, (H) Fabaceae = Sclerolobium denudatum.
Figure 2 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 2. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A) Dilleniaceae = Davilla elliptica, (B) Ebenaceae = Diospyros hispida, (C) Erythroxylaceae = Erythroxylum suberosum, (D-F) Fabaceae = Andira humilis, (G) Fabaceae = Copaifera luetzelburgii, (H) Fabaceae = Copaifera oblongifolia.
Figure 1 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 1. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A) Anacardiaceae =Anacardium humile, (B) Bignoniaceae = Handroanthus ochraceus, (C) Calophyllaceae = Kielmeyera speciosa, (D) Caryocaraceae = Caryocar brasiliense, (E) Combretaceae = Terminalia fagifolia, (F-G) Connaraceae = Connarus suberosus, (H) Dilleniaceae = Davilla elliptica.
Fig. 2 in New species diversity revealed from molecular and morphological characterization of gall-inducing Calophya spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) from Brazilian peppertree
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of Calophya spp. collected in Brazil.
Figure 3 in Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality
Figure 3. Morphological characterization of the galls induced by arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil: (A, B, C) Fabaceae – Dalbergia sp.; (D) undetermined; (E, F, G) Loganiaceae – Sthrychnos sp.; (H) Opiliaceae – Agonandra brasiliensis; (I) Sapindaceae – Serjania sp.; (J) Vitaceae – Cissus sp.; (K) Undetermined family 1; and (L) Undetermined family 2.
Figure 2 in Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality
Figure 2. Morphological characterization of the galls induced by arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): (A) Anacardiaceae – Myracrodruon urundeuva; (B) Schinopsis brasiliensis; (C, D) Asteraceae – Vernonanthura brasiliana; (E) Bignoniaceae undetermined; (F, G) Cannabaceae – Celtis brasiliensis; (H) Combretaceae – Combretum leprosum; (I) Combretum duarteanum; (J) Terminalia phaeocarpa; (K) Cucurbitaceae undetermined; (L) Fabaceae – Anadenanthera colubrine; (M, N) Apuleia leiocarpa; (O) Bauhinia pulchela; and (P) Bauhinia rufa.
Figure 1 in Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality
Figure 1. Location and characterization of the study area. (A) Location of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil), between the urban area of Montes Claros and Parque Estadual da Lapa Grande. Source: Google Earth.(B) Characterization of the vegetation in the rainy season.(C) Characterization of the vegetation in the dry season.
Figure 6 in Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality
Figure 6. Comparison of the richness of gall morphotypes between different sampling seasons in the deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil). (A) Comparison of the richness of gall morphotypes between the rainy and dry seasons. (B) Richness of gall morphotypes in the preserved and anthropized plots during the rainy and dry seasons.
Plant species richness, not hygrothermal stress, is the main predictor of gall-inducing insect richness in Peruvian Amazon forests
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FIGURES 8–17 in Two new monobasic thrips genera for a gall-inducing species and its kleptoparasite (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)
FIGURES 8–17. Pharothrips hynnis gen et sp. n. (8) female head and thorax ventral; (9) female head ventral; (10) female head lateral; (11) male head ventral; (12) female pronotum; (13) female prosternum; (14) female pelta and tergite I; (15) female tergite IX and tube; (16) male antenna; (17) female antenna.
FIGURE 12, 13. 12 in Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall-inducing insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Panama
FIGURE 12, 13. 12. Chrysonotomyia machaeriae sp. n., thorax lateral (female). 13. Chrysonotomyia claviger sp. n., head frontal (female).
FIGURE 8–11. 8 in Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall-inducing insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Panama
FIGURE 8–11. 8. Ametallon carinatum sp. n., thoracic dorsum (female). 9. Chrysonotomyia longicaudata sp. n., thoracic dorsum (female). 10. Chrysonotomyia longicaudata sp. n., gastral apical tergite (female). 11. Chrysonotomyia machaeriae sp. n., thoracic dorsum (female).
FIGURE 14 in Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall-inducing insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Panama
FIGURE 14. Cecidomyiidae galls: a) blister galls on Copaifera sp., b) globular gall on Copaifera sp., c) cylindrical galls on Serjania mexicana, d) globular galls on Serjania mexicana, e) blister galls on Smilax panamensis, f) blister galls on Machaerium milleflorum, g) globular galls on Hirtella flava, h) galls on Unonopsis sp.
FIGURE 3 in Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall-inducing insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Panama
FIGURE 3. Chrysonotomyia longicaudata sp. n.: a) male phallobase, b) forewing (female), c) antenna lateral (female).
FIGURE 2 in Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall-inducing insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Panama
FIGURE 2. Chrysonotomyia dussiae sp. n.: a) antenna lateral (female), b) digitus (male), c) forewing (female).
FIGURE 4 in Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall-inducing insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Panama
FIGURE 4. Chrysonotomyia machaeriae sp. n.: a) antenna lateral (female), b) forewing (female). c) head dorsal.
FIGURES 8–14 in On some Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with gall-inducing psylloids, Phacopteron and Trioza species (Hemiptera: Phacopteronidae, Triozidae) in southern India
FIGURES 8–14. Syrphophagus wayanadensis Hayat, sp. nov. Female: 8, antenna; 9, mandibles; 10, basal part of fore wing; 11, ovipositor; 12, hypopygium. Male: 13, distal part of genitalia; 14, antenna.
FIGURES 21–25 in On some Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with gall-inducing psylloids, Phacopteron and Trioza species (Hemiptera: Phacopteronidae, Triozidae) in southern India
FIGURES 21–25. Psylloid galls: 21, Syzygium caryophyllatum leaf with galls; 22, S. caryophyllatum, galls cut open to show developing psylloids; 23, S. cumini leaf galls; 24, Trioza jambolanae Crawford, adult; 25, Garuga pinnata, leaf galls. (Photographs by M. Nasser)
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