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opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Biological soil covers: data on lichen, bryophyte and algae coverage in soils gathered by SoilSkin citizen science program using eBryoSoil app for smartphones

Biological soil covers (BSC) are small-sized topsoil communities composed mainly by lichens, bryophytes and algae that cover the terrestrial surface and play an essential role in maintaining the quality of the soil. However, little is known about their distribution, conservation, and ecosystem functions. The SoilSkin citizen science project aims to expand the scientific knowledge about the distribution of biological soil covers as an important step to evaluate the vulnerability of soil ecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula in the face of global change. The project has a dedicated free of charge app for smartphones (eBryoSoil, available at Google Play <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.omarfiz.ebryosoil&hl=ca&gl=US">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.omarfiz.ebryosoil&hl=ca&gl=US</a>) that is designed to obtain information about the coverage of the BSC communities. To use this app, users must select a sampling location and capture the three soil pictures required to complete a transect. These photographs are taken at a 27 cm distance from the soil, in a straight line with 15 meters of distance between each picture. After the acquisition of each image, users can quantify the coverage percentage of biological soil covers and select the type of habitat where the transect took place. The transect is complete when all three pictures and their respective information are uploaded. The data presented here contains the records from SoilSkin participants, which mainly include a characterization of the cover patterns of biological soil covers, the type of habitat and the coordinates where each record was taken. The data set is composed by 279 unique records taken by 37 unique users from 28/11/2019 to 12/12/2020, across the Iberian Peninsula. These records specifically detail the percentage of cover occupied by three types of lichen growth forms (crustose, foliose and fruticose); liverworts; two types of moss growth forms (acrocarpous and pleurocarpous); algae; and soil. Moreover, each record also contains a description of the main type of habitat where the transect took place, that was selected from a list contained in the app with the following habitats: <ul> <li>Dense forest - Habitat characterized by trees of more than 2 meters tall and canopy over 60%.</li> <li>Open forest – Habitat characterized by trees with more than 2 meters tall and a canopy below 60%.</li> <li>Shrubland – Habitat characterized by woody vegetation with less than 2 meters tall.</li> <li>Grassland – Habitat characterized by herbaceous plants.</li> <li>Agricultural land – Habitat characterized by temporary or woody crops.</li> <li>Coastal habitat – Habitat characterized by a landscape where land is in contact with the sea, creating a visibly different landscape from inner terrestrial one’s.</li> <li>Urban green spaces – Habitat characterized by a landscape in which man-made structures are present.</li> </ul> The database was revised to correct any possible mistakes (e.g., miscalculation of total percentages; habitat missing in some registers; removal of invalid registers). The data file contains the following columns: <ul> <li>Date: numerical variable indicating the “day”/”month”/”year” when the register was generated.</li> <li>User_ID:  categorical variable with the identification number of the user who gathered the record.</li> <li>Transect: categorical variable with the identification of the number of the transect.</li> <li>Photo_number: numeric variable that takes values of 1, 2 or 3 and corresponds with the identification of the photographs within each transect.</li> <li>Photo_label: character string with the identification of the photograph from each record.</li> <li>Register_localization: categorical variable with the identification of the geographic area where the record was done.</li> <li>Latitude: integer, variable indicating the latitude of the sampling location in decimal degrees.</li> <li>Longitude: integer, variable indicating the longitude of the sampling location in decimal degrees.</li> <li>Accuracy: integer, variable indicating the accuracy of the coordinates given by the GPS.</li> <li>Habitat_type: categorical variable with the description of the main type of habitat of the sampling location.</li> <li>Lichen_Crustose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of crustose lichen cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Lichen_Foliose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of foliose lichen cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Lichen_Fruticose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of fruticose lichen cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Total_lichen: integer, variable indicating the sum of all lichen coverage quantified in the record.</li> <li>Liverwort: integer, variable indicating the percentage of liverwort cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Moss_Acrocarpous: integer, variable indicating the percentage of acrocarpous moss cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Moss_Pleurocarpous: integer, variable indicating the percentage of pleurocarpous moss cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Total_ moss: integer, variable indicating the sum of all moss coverage quantified in the record.</li> <li>Algae: integer, variable indicating the percentage of algae cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Soil: integer, variable indicating the percentage of soil visible in the record.</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2017View details →

Dry run for Eclipse data gathering. Method, Doppler and amplitude vs time

The station here is setup to receive two frequencies simultaneously. SpectrumLab is setup to do simultaneous FFT calculations and tabulate Doppler Shift and signal amplitude data for each frequency. The radio used is a K3 in the CW mode with AGC off. The main and subrx of the K3 are identical and phase locked. The antenna is a multiband Vee antenna facing north averaging 15' high. FFT parameters are adjusted for a bin width of 0.186 Hz with the SL peak detection algorithm turned on to determine the peak frequency within the bin. 75% overlap. A data point is obtained every 1.3 seconds. Doppler shift is determined via the heterodyne method differencing the station pitch and the reference oscillator (offset in freq). Both oscillators are locked to a Rubidium standard. The attached plots are the station setup, Doppler shifts for CHU 14670 kHz and 15000 kHz, and the amplitudes of each.

Fig. 5. Trypanoxyuris kotudoi n in Pinworms of the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) in Colombia: Gathering the pieces of the pinworm-primate puzzle

Fig. 5. Trypanoxyuris kotudoi n. sp. (A) Male full body, lateral view. (B) Male cephalic end, apical view. (C) Male posterior end, ventral view; (D) Male posterior end, lateral view, (E) Female full body, lateral view; (F) Female cephalic end, apical view; (G) Female cross section showing lateral alae; (H) Egg.

Fig. 6 in Pinworms of the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) in Colombia: Gathering the pieces of the pinworm-primate puzzle

Fig. 6. SEM of buccal structures of males of Trypanoxyuris species found in howler monkeys (A) Trypanoxyuris seunimii n. sp. (B) T. keumimae n. sp. (C) T. kotudoi n. sp. (D) T. minutus from Alouatta seniculus. (E) T. pigrae. (F) T. minutus from Mesoamerican howler monkeys. R: right ventral lip; L: left ventral lip. White arrow pointing at the sharp protuberances formed as a result of the notches in the lips.

Fig. 4 in Pinworms of the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) in Colombia: Gathering the pieces of the pinworm-primate puzzle

Fig. 4. SEM of buccal structures of females of Trypanoxyuris species found in howler monkeys (A) Trypanoxyuris seunimii n. sp. (B) T. keumimae n. sp. (C) T. kotudoi n. sp. (D) T. minutus from Alouatta seniculus. (E) T. pigrae. (F) T. minutus from Mesoamerican howler monkeys. R: right ventral lip; L: left ventral lip. White arrow pointing at the lateral indentations. Black arrow pointing at the square-shaped edge.

Fig. 3. Trypanoxyuris keumimae n in Pinworms of the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) in Colombia: Gathering the pieces of the pinworm-primate puzzle

Fig. 3. Trypanoxyuris keumimae n. sp. (A) Female full body, lateral view. (B) Female cephalic end, apical view. (C) Male cephalic end, apical view, (D) Male full body, lateral view; (E) Male posterior end, lateral view, (F) Male posterior end, ventral view; (G) Female cross section showing lateral alae (H) Egg.

Fig. 2. Trypanoxyuris seunimii n in Pinworms of the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) in Colombia: Gathering the pieces of the pinworm-primate puzzle

Fig. 2. Trypanoxyuris seunimii n. sp. (A) Female full body, lateral view. (B) Female cephalic end, apical view. (C) Male cephalic end, apical view, (D) Female cross section showing lateral ala; (E) Egg; (F) Male full body, lateral view; (G) Male posterior end, ventral view; (H) Male posterior end, lateral view.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

CROSSBOW HLU2-UC1-TC1 measurements: Substation measurements gathered during curtailment activation. Second test

. Capture on 21/04/2022 The data comprises the 2 sec measurements from HOPS SCADA system for for the Konjsko substation before, during and after a curtailment in Pometeno Brno plant (21:00 - 22:30 on 21/04/2022). The measurements gathered from the SCADA are: <ul> <li>P, Q and V of the 110, 220 and 400 Kv buses at the substation</li> </ul> P, Q and V of the line connecting the substation with the plant

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

The transmission of pottery technology amongst prehistoric European hunter-gatherers: code and data

Included in this paper are the data files which enable the main analytical findings of the paper to be reproduced. Some aspects of the spatial-temporal modelling will heavily depend on the user’s configuration and the digital elevation model available, so intermediate data that support the main conclusions of the paper have been included in the data repository.

opencc-byDec 2021View details →

Survey used and data gathered for research into adoption of carbon management strategies amongst universities E Lewis-Brown et al 2022

Survey used and data gathered for research into adoption of carbon management strategies amongst universities 2022, which forms part of a PhD thesis and will be submitted for publication in a journal.

Fig. 1 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 1. – Representative palm specimens collected by Bonpland and Humboldt deposited in P-Bonpl. A. Bactris gasipaes Kunth; B. Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl.; C. Corypha miraguama Kunth; D. Oreodoxa regia Kunth.

Fig. 4 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 4. – Illustrations associated to the palms collected by Bonpland and Humboldt. A-B. Copper engravings produced by Turpin of the growth habit (A) and the male inflorescence (B) of Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl. (Plantae Aequinoctiales 1: 1. 1805) based on original sketches drawn by Humboldt on site; C-D. Illustrations of Attalea amygdalina Kunth; grisaille deposited at P-Bonpl. (C) and coloured plate (D) published in the Nova genera 1: 319. 1816.

Fig. 7 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 7. – Original descriptions of the royal Cuban Palm (Oreodoxa regia Humboldt & Bonpland ex Kunth). A. Entry 1276 in the "Journal Botanique" (MS 1332); B. Description of the species in Nova genera 1: 305. 1816.

Fig. 3 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 3. – Representative palm specimens collected by Bonpland and Humboldt deposited in European herbaria. A. Mauritia flexuosa L. f. deposited at B; B. Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl. deposited at FI; C. Corypha dulcis Kunth deposited at G; D. Corypha tectorum Kunth. deposited at M.

Fig. 6 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 6. – List of palm common names written by Bonpland in the first page of the "Journal Botanique" (MS 1332). 1) "Cucurito" (Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart.); 2) "Seje" (Oenocarpus sp.); 3) "Volador" (Desmoncus sp.); 4) "Pijiguao" (Bactris gasipaes Kunth); 5) "Macana" (Euterpe sp.); 6) "Palmiche" (Copernicia tectorum Kunth); 7) "Palma de Cobija" (Copernicia tectorum Kunth); 8) "Timiti" (Manicaria saccifera Gaertn.); 9) "Cocos" (Cocos nucifera L.); 10) "Corozo" (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.); 11) "Prasse" (unknown Palmae); 12) "Jagua" (Attalea butyracea (Mutis ex L. f.) Wess. Boer; 13) "Moriche" (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.); 14) Piritu (Bactris guineensis (L.) H.E. Moore); 15) "Palma Real de Caracas" (Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O.F.Cook; 16) "Id. de Guanare" (prob. Roystonea sp.); 17) "Palma de Sombrero" (Sabal mauritiiformis (H. Karst.) Griseb. & H. Wendl.); 18) "Amac." (unknown Palmae); 19) "Alvarico" (Bactris sp); 20) "Joropa" (Palmae); 21) Tirite (Ischnosiphon arouma (Aubl.) KÖrn. Marantaceae); 22) "Chiquichiqui" (Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace); 23) "Iounouriri" (Attalea sp.).

Fig. 2 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 2. – Representative palm specimens collected by Bonpland and Humboldt deposited in P. A. Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl.; B. Corypha maritima Kunth; C. Corypha tectorum Kunth; D. Martinezia caryotifolia Kunth.

Fig. 5 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 5. – Page of the "Journal Botanique" (MS 1332) of Bonpland and Humboldt compiled during their journey in Venezuela. The entry 1276 was written by Humboldt and corresponds to the collection of the royal Cuban palm Oreodoxa regia Humboldt & Bonpland ex Kunth (= Roystonea regia (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Kunth) O.F. Cook).

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

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Hunter-gatherer child and adolescent height and tricep skinfold measures

Despite agreement that humans have evolved to be unusually fat primates, adipose patterning among hunter-gatherers has received little empirical consideration. Here we consider the development of adiposity among four contemporary groups of hunter-gatherers, the Aka, Savanna Pumé, Ju'/Hoansi and Agta using multi-level generalized additive mixed modeling (GAMM) to characterize growth of tricep skinfolds from early childhood through adolescence. In contrast to references, hunter-gatherers show several consistent patterns: 1) children are lean with little fat accumulation; 2) no adiposity rebound at 5 years is evident; 3) girls on average build 90% of their body size, and reach menarche when adiposity is at its maximum velocity; 4) a metabolic tradeoff is evident in young, but not older children, such that both boys and girls prioritize skeletal growth during middle childhood, a tradeoff that diminishes during adolescence when height velocity increases in pace with fat accumulation. Consistent results across hunter-gatherers living in diverse environments suggests that these patterns reflect a general forager pattern of development. The findings provide a valuable baseline for adipose development not apparent from reference populations. We emphasize both generalized trends among hunter-gatherers, and that inter-populational differences point to the plasticity with which humans organize growth and development.