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139 results for “gaze”
Head-motion and eye-gaze behavior reveal audio-visual target search strategies - dataset
<p>Participants were tasked with finding a target stimulus in the presence of a number of auditory distractors. </p> <p>The target stimulus (audio-only, audio-visual or visual-only) was presented at the central position for 3 seconds, after which the stimulus was moved to one of 24 positions around the participant. The other 23 positions all contained a visual distractor and 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 or 11 auditory distractors (evenly spaced). </p> <p>Based on the eye and headtracking data, we calculated the FOV and target localization time and the maximum headrotation into the wrong direction. </p> <p>FOV localization time: time it took to bring target within FOV. <br>Target localization time: From FOV to response.</p> <p>These datasets contain both the tracking data and the summarized data. </p> <p>Columns "av_stim_x_y" list for each of the 24 AV stimuli (which both served as the targets and distractors), the id, the angle at which it was present during the trial and the visual and audio status.</p> <p>FUNDING: </p> <p>The research was supported by the Centre for Applied Hearing<br>research (CAHR) through a research consortium agreement with<br>GN Resound, Oticon, and Widex. The funders had no role in<br>study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or<br>preparation of the article.</p>
Closed-loop microstimulations of the orbitofrontal cortex during real-life gaze interaction enhance dynamic social attention
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Publication data of Examining holistic processing strategies in dogs and humans through gaze behavior
<p>This version, compared to the version 1, further includes the figures and tables used in the publication. </p> <p>There is an error in the Table 3 file uploaded. The locations of the column names 'else upper half' and 'else lower half' or the images in the two column cells are switched.</p> <p>Please check the Figure 4 of PloS one version of the paper for correct information. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317455">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317455</a></p> <p> </p> <p>bioRXiv version: Data of Holistic Processing Strategy in Cross-Species Face Perception between Dogs and Humans </p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.21.599532">https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.21.599532</a></p> <p>&</p> <p>PloS one version: Data of Examining holistic processing strategies in dogs and humans through gaze behavior </p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317455">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317455</a></p>
Dataset from 'Billino, J., van Belle, G., Rossion, B., & Schwarzer, G. (2018). The nature of individual face recognition in preschool children: Insights from a gaze-contingent paradigm. Cognitive Development, 47, 168-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2018.06.007
<p>The folder contains a data file and a description file providing column labels.</p> <p>For further questions, please contact:<br> jutta.billino[at]psychol.uni-giessen.de</p>
On the role of eye contact in gaze cueing
<p>The data presented here are reported in Kompatsiari et al. 2018<br> Please refer to that paper for context and method. </p> <p> </p>
Gaze-Stabilizing Central Vestibular Neurons Project Asymmetrically to Extraocular Motoneuron Pools
<p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong>Within reflex circuits, specific anatomical projections allow central neurons to relay sensations to effectors that generate movements. A major challenge is to relate anatomical features of central neural populations, such as asymmetric connectivity, to the computations the populations perform. To address this problem, we mapped the anatomy, modeled the function, and discovered a new behavioral role for a genetically defined population of central vestibular neurons in rhombomeres 5–7 of larval zebrafish. First, we found that neurons within this central population project preferentially to motoneurons that move the eyes downward. Concordantly, when the entire population of asymmetrically projecting neurons was stimulated collectively, only downward eye rotations were observed, demonstrating a functional correlate of the anatomical bias. When these neurons are ablated, fish failed to rotate their eyes following either nose-up or nose-down body tilts. This asymmetrically projecting central population thus participates in both upward and downward gaze stabilization. In addition to projecting to motoneurons, central vestibular neurons also receive direct sensory input from peripheral afferents. To infer whether asymmetric projections can facilitate sensory encoding or motor output, we modeled differentially projecting sets of central vestibular neurons. Whereas motor command strength was independent of projection allocation, asymmetric projections enabled more accurate representation of nose-up stimuli. The model shows how asymmetric connectivity could enhance the representation of imbalance during nose-up postures while preserving gaze stabilization performance. Finally, we found that central vestibular neurons were necessary for a vital behavior requiring maintenance of a nose-up posture: swim bladder inflation. These observations suggest that asymmetric connectivity in the vestibular system facilitates representation of ethologically relevant stimuli without compromising reflexive behavior.</p> <p><strong>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</strong> Interneuron populations use specific anatomical projections to transform sensations into reflexive actions. Here we examined how the anatomical composition of a genetically defined population of balance interneurons in the larval zebrafish relates to the computations it performs. First, we found that the population of interneurons that stabilize gaze preferentially project to motoneurons that move the eyes downward. Next, we discovered through modeling that such projection patterns can enhance the encoding of nose-up sensations without compromising gaze stabilization. Finally, we found that loss of these interneurons impairs a vital behavior, swim bladder inflation, that relies on maintaining a nose-up posture. These observations suggest that anatomical specialization permits neural circuits to represent relevant features of the environment without compromising behavior.</p>
Gaze cueing by multiple people - averaged eye tracking data by participant
<p>Data for article Gaze cueing by multiple people.</p> <p>Averaged eye tracking data by participant that was included.</p> <p>Task 1 - time to first fixation and total fixation duration for each Area of Interest </p> <p>Task 2 - time to first fixation for Area of Interest as determined by the task </p>
Neural and visual processing of social gaze cueing in typical and ASD adults
<p>Atypical eye gaze in joint attention is a clinical characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite this documented symptom, neural processing of joint attention tasks in real-life social interactions is not understood. To address this knowledge gap, functional-near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and eye-tracking data were acquired simultaneously as ASD and typically developed (TD) individuals engaged in a gaze-directed joint attention task with a live human and robot partner. We test the hypothesis that face processing deficits in ASD are greater for interactive faces than for simulated (robot) faces. Consistent with prior findings, neural responses during human gaze cueing modulated by face visual dwell time resulted in increased activity of ventral frontal regions in ASD and dorsal parietal systems in TD participants. Hypoactivity of the right dorsal parietal area during live human gaze cueing was correlated with autism spectrum symptom severity: Brief Observations of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA) scores (r = -0.86). Contrarily, neural activity in response to robot gaze cueing modulated by visual acquisition factors activated dorsal parietal systems in ASD, and this neural activity was not related to autism symptom severity (r = 0.06). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that altered encoding of incoming facial information to the dorsal parietal cortex is specific to live human faces in ASD. These findings open new directions for understanding joint attention difficulties in ASD by providing a connection between superior parietal lobule activity and live interaction with human faces.</p>
Neural and behavioral data from: A dynamic sequence of visual processing initiated by gaze shifts
<p>Animals move their head and eyes as they explore and sample the visual scene. Previous studies have demonstrated neural correlates of head and eye movements in rodent primary visual cortex (V1), but the sources and computational roles of these signals are unclear. We addressed this by combining measurement of head and eye movements with high density neural recordings in freely moving mice. V1 neurons responded primarily to gaze shifts, where head movements are accompanied by saccadic eye movements, rather than to head movements where compensatory eye movements stabilize gaze. A variety of activity patterns immediately followed gaze shifts, including units with positive, biphasic, or negative responses, and together these responses formed a temporal sequence following the gaze shift. These responses were greatly diminished in the dark for the vast majority of units, replaced by a uniform suppression of activity, and were similar to those evoked by sequentially flashed stimuli in head-fixed conditions, suggesting that gaze shift transients represent the temporal response to the rapid onset of new visual input. Notably, neurons responded in a sequence that matches their spatial frequency preference, from low to high spatial frequency tuning, consistent with coarse-to-fine processing of the visual scene following each gaze shift. Recordings in foveal V1 of freely gazing head-fixed marmosets revealed a similar sequence of temporal response following a saccade, as well as the progression of spatial frequency tuning. Together, our results demonstrate that active vision in both mice and marmosets consists of a dynamic temporal sequence of neural activity associated with visual sampling.</p>
Data from: Orbitofrontal cortex computes gaze-dependent comparisons between attributes rather than integrated values
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Neural and behavioral data from: A dynamic sequence of visual processing initiated by gaze shifts
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Neural and visual processing of social gaze cueing in typical and ASD adults
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Data from: Remote activation of place codes by gaze in a highly visual animal
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The statistics of gaze during VR gaming
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A new type of mouse gaze shift is led by directed saccades
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Object bounding box annotations for the GTEA Gaze+ dataset
<p>Object bounding box annotations for the GTEA Gaze+ dataset of the works <em>Learning to recognize daily actions using gaze</em> (Fathi et al., 2012) and <em>Delving into Egocentric Actions </em>(Li et al., 2015). The dataset contains folders for each of the subjects, within each of them folders for actions, and, within each action folder, a folder for each video. The video folder has a name composed of <name of the original video>_<start frame>_<end frame>. Within this folder, a json file for some frames can be found.</p> <p>The json contains two keys: <em>filename</em> and <em>objects</em>. <em>filename</em> refers to the path to the image and <em>objects</em> to a dictionary of objects. The keys of the dictionary are the objects present in the image. Each of the objects values is a list containing bounding box coordinates. Each coordinate list is composed of the ymin, xmin, ymax and ymax values.</p>
Dynamics of gaze control during prey capture in freely moving mice
<p>Most studies of visual processing are conducted under head- and gaze-restricted conditions. While this provides experimental control, it radically limits the natural exploration of the visual world which is typically achieved through directed eye, head, and body movements. As such, less is known about how animals naturally sample the external visual world to acquire relevant visual information in natural contexts. To determine how mice target their gaze and sample the visual world during natural behavior, we measured head and bilateral eye movements in mice performing prey capture, an ethological behavior that engages vision. We find that most eye movements are compensatory for head movements but that non-compensatory movements occur during head turns. Importantly, we find that non-compensatory gaze shifts (i.e., saccades) do not target a discreet location in visual space (e.g., the prey location), but that orienting movements are driven by the head and work to sequentially shift and recenter the visual field. Data shared here include simultaneous recordings of eye and head movements from 105 trials of prey capture behavior across 7 animals. All data are available as .mat files. </p>
Kangaroos display gazing and gaze alternations during an unsolvable problem task
<p>Domestication is generally assumed to have resulted in enhanced communication abilities between non-primate mammals and humans, although the number of species studied is very limited (e.g. cats, <i>Felis catus</i>; dogs, <i>Canis familiaris</i>; wolves, <i>Canis lupus</i>; goats, <i>Capra hircus</i>; horses, <i>Equus caballus</i>). In species without hands for pointing, gazing at humans when dealing with inaccessible food during an unsolvable task, and in particular gaze alternations between a human and the unsolvable task (considered forms of showing), are often interpreted as attempts at referential intentional communication. We report that kangaroos, marsupial mammals that have never been domesticated, actively gazed at an experimenter during an unsolvable problem task (10/11 kangaroos tested), thus challenging the notion that this behavior results from domestication. Nine of the ten kangaroos additionally showed gaze alternations between the unsolvable task and experimenter. We propose that the potential occurrence of these behaviors displayed towards humans has been underestimated, owing to a narrow focus on domestic animals, as well as a more general eutherian research bias. </p>
Data from: Flexible gaze-following in rhesus monkeys
Humans are characterized by complex social cognitive abilities that emerge early in development. Comparative studies of nonhuman primates can illuminate the evolutionary history of these social capacities. We examined the cognitive skills that rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) use to follow gaze, a foundational skill in human social development. While rhesus monkeys can make inferences about others' gaze when competing, it is unclear how they think about gaze information in other contexts. In study 1, monkeys (n = 64) observed a demonstrator look upwards either in a barrier condition where a box was overhead, so that monkeys could not see the target of her gaze, or a no barrier condition where nothing blocked her view. In study 2, monkeys (n = 59) could approach to observe the target of the demonstrator's gaze when the demonstrator looked behind a barrier on the ground or, in the no barrier condition, behind a window frame in the same location. Monkeys were more likely to directly look up in study 1 if they could initially see the location where the demonstrator was looking, but they did not preferentially reorient their bodies to observe the out-of-view location when they could not see that location. In study 2, monkeys did preferentially reorient, but at low rates. This indicates that rhesus monkeys can use social cognitive processes outside of competitive contexts to model what others can or cannot see, but may not be especially motivated to see what others look at in non-competitive contexts, as they reorient infrequently or in an inconsistent fashion. These similarities and differences between gaze-following in monkeys and children can help to illuminate the evolution of human social cognition.
Data from: Influence of gaze and directness of approach on the escape responses of the Indian rock lizard, Psammophilus dorsalis (Gray, 1831)
Animals often evaluate the degree of risk posed by a predator and respond accordingly. Since many predators orient their eyes towards prey while attacking, predator gaze and directness of approach could serve as conspicuous indicators of risk to prey. The ability to perceive these cues and discriminate between high and low predation risk should benefit prey species through both higher survival and decreased energy expenditure. We experimentally examined whether Indian rock lizards (Psammophilus dorsalis) can perceive these two indicators of predation risk by measuring the variation in their fleeing behaviour in response to type of gaze and approach by a human predator. Overall, we found that the gaze and approach of the predator influenced flight initiation distance, which also varied with attributes of the prey (i.e. size/sex and tail-raise behaviour). Flight initiation distance (FID) was 43% longer during direct approaches with direct gaze compared with tangential approaches with averted gaze. In further, exploratory, analyses, we found that FID was 23% shorter for adult male lizards than for female or young male (FYM) lizards. In addition, FYM lizards that showed a tail-raise display during approach had a 71% longer FID than those that did not. Our results suggest that multiple factors influence the decision to flee in animals. Further studies are needed to test the generality of these factors and to investigate the proximate mechanisms underlying flight decisions.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.