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Fig. 7 in Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species

Fig. 7. Male genitalia of Mercuria similis (Draparnaud, 1805). A–E. Penis. F. Penis and head. G–H. Prostate gland. A. La Cañada Stream. B. Font d´Estramar Spring. C. Fonte Dame Spring. D. Pond in La Palme. E. Barranco de las Negras. F. Stream crossing the town of Peralta de la Sal. G. Saltings of Riba de Santiuste, Guadalajara. H. Font d´Estramar Spring.

Fig. 9 in Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species

Fig. 9. Protoconch and radula of Mercuria tachoensis (Frauenfeld, 1865). A–C. Fonte dos Amores Spring, Coimbra, Portugal. A. Protoconch. B. Details of the protoconch. C. Protoconch microsculpture. D–E. Stream near the beach in Bidart, France.D. Detailed view of the central and lateral teeth. E. Detailed view of the outer marginal teeth. F. Spring at Jardim da Sereia, Coimbra, Portugal.

Fig. 11 in Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species

Fig. 11. Shells and operculum of Mercuria balearica (Paladilhe, 1869). A–B, G–H. Stream at Sant Joan de Carbonell, Minorca, Spain. C. Colarsega River, near the Port of Mahon (type locality). D. Fuente Árabe Spring, Mojácar, Granada, Spain (unpigmented specimen). E. Venta El Pilar Spring, Málaga, Spain. F. Spring, Alozaina, Cádiz, Spain. G. Operculum, inner side. H. Operculum, outer side.

Fig. 6 in Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species

Fig. 6. Anatomy of Mercuria similis (Draparnaud, 1805). A–D. Female genitalia. A. Font Dame Spring, Salses-le-Château, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. B–C. Galayo´s Pond, Fuentalbilla, Albacete, Spain. D. Pond in La Palme, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. E–G. Arc River near Les Cabanes, Bouches-du- Rhône, France. E. Ctenidium and osphradium. F. Stomach. G. Perioesophageal ring.

Fig. 3 in Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species

Fig. 3. Principal components analysis plot for species of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 based on 21 coordinates (9 landmarks and 12 semilandmarks). Each dot on the plot represents the consensus of the shape of each of the sampled populations. Warp grid deformations (TPS) show expansion (in red colour) and contraction (in blue) of the shell shape.

Fig. 16 in Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species

Fig. 16. Protoconch (A–C) and radula (D–F) of Mercuria maceana (Paladilhe, 1869) from C'an Tunis, Barcelona, Spain. A. Protoconch nucleus. B. Details of the protoconch. C. Protoconch microsculpture. D. Overview of radular teeth rows. E–F. Detailed view of the lateral and inner teeth.

Fig. 10 in Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species

Fig. 10. Anatomy of Mercuria tachoensis (Frauenfeld, 1865) from Nascente do Senhor Jordão Spring, Alpedriz, Leiria, Portugal. A. Female genitalia. B. Animal and penis. C. Prostate gland. D. Ctenidium and osphradium. E. Stomach. F. Perioesophageal ring.

Fig. 5 in Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species

Fig. 5. Shell and radula of Mercuria similis (Draparnaud, 1805) from Étang de Berre, Bouches-du- Rhône, France. A. Apical view of the shell. B. Details of the protoconch. C. Protoconch microsculpture. D. General view of the radular ribbon. E. Central, lateral, inner marginal and outer marginal teeth. F. Detailed view of the inner marginal teeth.

Fig. 2. Shell morphometric variables. A in Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species

Fig. 2. Shell morphometric variables. A. Image of a specimen of Mercuria similis (Draparnaud, 1805) indicating the landmarks (red) and semilandmarks (blue) used for the geometric morphometric analysis (PCA). B–C. Drawings of shells of Mercuria Boeters, 1971, showing the linear measurements made on the shell and protoconch.

Fig. 14 in Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species

Fig. 14. Variation of the bursa copulatrix of Mercuria balearica (Paladilhe, 1869). A. Elongate, stream at Sant Joan de Carbonell, Minorca, Spain. B. Pyriform, Venta El Pilar Spring, Málaga, Spain. C–D. Pyriform, Fuente Valentín Spring, Alozaina, Cádiz, Spain. E–G. Detailed views of the seminal receptacle (Sr) and renal oviduct loops.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

The genetic basis of plumage coloration and elevation adaptation in a clade of recently diverged alpine and arctic songbirds

<p>Trait genetic architecture plays an important role in the probability that variation in that trait leads to divergence and speciation. In some cases, speciation may be driven by the generation of novel phenotypes through the recombination of genes associated with traits that are important for local adaptation or sexual selection. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of three plumage color traits, and one ecological trait, breeding elevation, in a recent avian radiation, the North American rosy-finches (<em>Leucosticte</em> spp.). We identify unique genomic regions associated with each trait and highlight 11 candidate genes. Among these are well-characterized melanogenesis genes, including Mitf and Tyrp1, and previously reported hypoxia-related genes including Egln1. Additionally, we use mitochondrial data to date the divergence of rosy-finch clades which appear to have diverged within the past 250 ky. Given the low levels of genome-wide differentiation among rosy-finch taxa, and evidence for extensive introgression in North America, plumage coloration and adaptation to high elevations have likely played large roles in generating the observed patterns of lineage divergence. The relative independence of these candidate regions across the genome suggests that recombination might have led to multiple phenotypes, and subsequent rosy-finch speciation, over short periods of time.</p>

publicDec 2022View details →

The genetic basis of plumage coloration and elevation adaptation in a clade of recently diverged alpine and arctic songbirds

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publicMar 2020View details →

Extremely low genetic diversity in the European clade of the model bryophyte Anthoceros agrestis

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publicFeb 2025View details →

Data from: Whole genome sequencing reveals clade-specific genetic variation in blacklegged ticks

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Data from: Genetic introgression among differentiated clades is lower among clades exhibiting different parity modes

Mechanisms leading to sympatric speciation are diverse and may build up reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation among differentiated clades may exist due to genetic incompatibilities, sexual selection, differences in parity mode, reduced post-zygotic survival or reproductive success of hybrids. Here we test whether differences in parity mode lead to reproductive isolation by investigating introgression in Zootoca vivipara, a lizard species exhibiting oviparous and viviparous reproduction. We measured introgression in transects spanning different viviparous clades, different oviparous subclades, transects containing oviparous and viviparous clades, and transects within the same subclade (control transects). Introgression in transects spanning oviparous and viviparous clades was one order of magnitude smaller than transects spanning the same reproductive mode and no statistical differences existed between transects spanning the same reproductive mode and contr ol transects. Among types of transects, no significant differences existed in genetic and geographic distances, nor number of detected alleles. Moreover, hybrids were detected in all types of transects, showing that parity mode alone does not necessarily lead to complete reproductive isolation, which suggests that reinforcement may play an important role. The evolution of different parity modes together with reinforcement may thus promote reproductive isolation and rapid speciation, potentially explaining why only six of the almost 40'000 vertebrates belonging to groups consisting of viviparous and oviparous species exhibit bimodal reproduction.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

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Data from: Genetic diversity is largely unpredictable but scales with museum occurrences in a species-rich clade of Australian lizards

Genetic diversity is a fundamental characteristic of species and is affected by many factors, including mutation rate, population size, life history and demography. To better understand the processes that influence levels of genetic diversity across taxa, we collected genome-wide restriction-associated DNA data from more than 500 individuals spanning 76 nominal species of Australian scincid lizards in the genus Ctenotus. To avoid potential biases associated with variation in taxonomic practice across the group, we used coalescent-based species delimitation to delineate 83 species-level lineages within the genus for downstream analyses. We then used these genetic data to infer levels of within-population genetic diversity. Using a phylogenetically informed approach, we tested whether variation in genetic diversity could be explained by population size, environmental heterogeneity or historical demography. We find that the strongest predictor of genetic diversity is a novel proxy for census population size: the number of vouchered occurrences in museum databases. However, museum occurrences only explain a limited proportion of the variance in genetic diversity, suggesting that genetic diversity might be difficult to predict at shallower phylogenetic scales.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

FIGURE 4. Palola Lizard Island clade 6. All material ethanol preserved. A in Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

FIGURE 4. Palola Lizard Island clade 6. All material ethanol preserved. A. AM W.43905, dorsal view; B AM W.44645, dorso-lateral view. C. AM W.44645, parapodium 10; D. AM W.44645, parapodium 10, detail of compound falciger. Abbreviations: a = aciculum, cc = capillary chaeta, cf = compound falciger, dc = dorsal cirrus of parapodium, vc = ventral cirrus of parapodium. Scale bars: A, B, C = 0.1 mm, D = 20 µm.

FIGURE 3. Palola Lizard Island clades 3 in Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

FIGURE 3. Palola Lizard Island clades 3 (A, B), 4 (C, D) and 5 (E, F). All material ethanol-preserved. A. Palola Lizard Island clade 3, AM W.44407, dorsal view; B. Palola Lizard Island clade 3, same specimen as in A, lateral view; C. Palola Lizard Island clade 4, AM W.44653, dorsal view; D. Palola Lizard Island clade 4, same specimen as in C, ventro-lateral view; E. Palola Lizard Island clade 5, AM W.44146, dorsal view; F. Palola Lizard Island clade 5, same specimen as in E, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Palola Lizard Island clades 1 in Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

FIGURE 2. Palola Lizard Island clades 1 (A–C) and 2 (D–F). Specimens shown in A–C and F ethanol preserved; specimen shown in D and F fixed in formalin and later transferred to to 70% ethanol. Labels in A–C serve as a reference for all following figures. A. Palola Lizard Island clade 1, AM W.44034, dorsal view; B. Palola Lizard Island clade 1, AM W.44146, ventrolateral view, note serrated anterior margin of mandible and length ratio between first and second peristomial ring; C. Palola Lizard Island clade 1, AM W.44034, dorsal view of parapodia in posterior region of the fragment, arrows indicate the black pigment spots on the dorsal side of the parapodia; D. Palola Lizard Island clade 2, AM W.44914, dorsal view; E. Palola Lizard Island clade 2, W.44914, lateral view; F. Palola Lizard Island clade 2, AM W.44006, lateral view. Abbreviations: cc = capillary chaetae, cf = compound falcigers, dc = dorsal cirrus of parapodium, la = lateral antenna, m = mandible, ma = median antenna, mx = maxillae,p = palps, pc = peristomial cirrus, 1pr = first peristomial ring, 2pr = second peristomial ring, pro = prostomium. Scale bars: A, B, F = 0.1 mm; C = 0.05 mm; D, E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1. 50 in Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

FIGURE 1. 50% majority rule consensus tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of 601 bp of COI. Branch support is given as Bayesian posterior probability. Double asterisks (**) indicate 100% posterior probability; single asterisks (*) indicate 95–99% posterior probability; branch support <95% posterior probability not shown. Samples sequenced for previous studies are listed with their genbank accession numbers and collecting locality. Samples sequenced for the present study are listed as "Lizard" with their AM voucher numbers.