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156 results for “genetic sampling”
Data from: Landscape genetic inferences vary with sampling scenario for a pond breeding amphibian
A critical decision in landscape genetic studies is whether to use individuals or populations as the sampling unit. This decision affects the time and cost of sampling and may affect ecological inference. We analyzed 334 Columbia spotted frogs at 8 microsatellite loci across 40 sites in northern Idaho to determine how inferences from landscape genetic analyses would vary with sampling design. At all sites, we compared a proportion available sampling scheme (PASS), in which all samples were used, to resampled datasets of 2-11 individuals. Additionally, we compared a population sampling scheme (PSS) to an individual sampling scheme (ISS) at 18 sites with sufficient sample size. We applied an information theoretic approach with both restricted maximum likelihood and maximum likelihood estimation to evaluate competing landscape resistance hypotheses. We found that PSS supported a low-density forest model (0.87) and ISS supported this model as well as additional models when testing hypotheses of landcover types that create the greatest resistance to gene flow for Columbia spotted frogs. Increased sampling density and study extent, seen by comparing PSS to PASS, showed a change in model support from a model of only low-density forest to a model of only high-density forest. As number of individuals increased, model support converged at 7 individuals for ISS to PSS. ISS may be useful to increase study extent and sampling density, but may lack power to provide strong support for the correct model with microsatellite datasets. Our results highlight the importance of additional research on sampling design effects on landscape genetics inference.
Data from: Intraspecific DNA contamination distorts subtle population structure in a marine fish: decontamination of herring samples before restriction-site associated (RAD) sequencing and its effects on population genetic statistics
Wild specimens are often collected in challenging field conditions, where samples may be contaminated with the DNA of conspecific individuals. This contamination can result in false genotype calls, which are difficult to detect, but may also cause inaccurate estimates of heterozygosity, allele frequencies, and genetic differentiation. Marine broadcast spawners are especially problematic, because population genetic differentiation is low and samples are often collected in bulk and sometimes from active spawning aggregations. Here, we used contaminated and clean Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) samples to test (i) the efficacy of bleach decontamination, (ii) the effect of decontamination on RAD genotypes, and (iii) the consequences of contaminated samples on population genetic analyses. We collected fin tissue samples from actively spawning (and thus contaminated) wild herring and non-spawning (uncontaminated) herring. Samples were soaked for 10 minutes in bleach or left untreated, and extracted DNA was used to prepare DNA libraries using a restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) approach. Our results demonstrate that intraspecific DNA contamination affects patterns of individual and population variability, causes an excess of heterozygotes, and biases estimates of population structure. Bleach decontamination was effective at removing intraspecific DNA contamination and compatible with RAD sequencing, producing high-quality sequences, reproducible genotypes, and low levels of missing data. Although sperm contamination may be specific to broadcast spawners, intraspecific contamination of samples may be common and difficult to detect from high-throughput sequencing data, and can impact downstream analyses.
Data from: Genetic sampling for estimating density of common species
Understanding population dynamics requires reliable estimates of population density, yet this basic information is often surprisingly difficult to obtain. With rare or difficult-to-capture species, genetic surveys from noninvasive collection of hair or scat has proved cost-efficient for estimating densities. Here, we explored whether noninvasive genetic sampling (NGS) also offers promise for sampling a relatively common species, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777), in comparison with traditional live trapping. We optimized a protocol for single-session NGS sampling of hares. We compared spatial capture–recapture population estimates from live trapping to estimates derived from NGS, and assessed NGS costs. NGS provided population estimates similar to those derived from live trapping, but a higher density of sampling plots was required for NGS. The optimal NGS protocol for our study entailed deploying 160 sampling plots for 4 days and genotyping one pellet per plot. NGS laboratory costs ranged from approximately $670 to $3000 USD per field site. While live trapping does not incur laboratory costs, its field costs can be considerably higher than for NGS, especially when study sites are difficult to access. We conclude that NGS can work for common species, but that it will require field and laboratory pilot testing to develop cost-effective sampling protocols.
Data from: Evaluating genotyping-in-thousands by sequencing as a genetic monitoring tool for a climate sentinel mammal using non-invasive and archival samples
<p>Genetic tools for wildlife monitoring can provide valuable information on spatiotemporal population trends and connectivity, particularly in systems experiencing rapid environmental change. Though many DNA sequencing approaches still require high quality and quantity of DNA obtained from traditional sources (e.g. blood and tissue), rapid genotyping tools such as Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing (GT-seq) have improved our ability to make use of degraded and less concentrated DNA commonly obtained from non-invasive and archival samples. Here, we developed a multi-purpose GT-seq panel (307 single nucleotide polymorphisms) for a climate sentinel mammal (the American pika, <em>Ochotona princeps</em>) for use as a genetic tool for monitoring populations in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. We optimized the panel using contemporary tissue samples (n = 77) and subsequently applied it to archival tissue (n = 17) and contemporary fecal pellet samples (n = 129) to evaluate its effectiveness at identifying individuals and sex, estimating relatedness, and inferring population structure. The panel demonstrated high efficacy with contemporary and archival tissue samples (94.7% and 90.5% genotyping success, respectively) and negligible genotyping error (0.001% and 0.0%, respectively). Despite relatively high genotyping success for fecal pellet samples (79.7%), high genotyping error (28.4%) limited its power as a monitoring tool to assess genetic variation using non-invasive samples and highlighted the need for further optimization around sample and data collection.</p>
Code & data of the paper "Data sampling via Active Learning in Cartesian Genetic Programming for Biomedical Data"
<p>Code & data of the paper "Data sampling via Active Learning in Cartesian Genetic Programming for Biomedical Data"</p> <p> </p>
Collecting baleen whale blow samples by drone: a minimally intrusive tool for conservation genetics
<p>In coastal British Columbia, Canada, marine megafauna such as humpback whales (<em>Megaptera novaeangliae</em>) and fin whales (<em>Balaenoptera physalus velifera</em>) have been subject to a history of exploitation and near extirpation. While their populations have been in recovery, significant threats are posed by proposed natural resource ventures in this region, in addition to the compounding effects of increasingly severe marine heatwaves. Genetic tools play a vital role in informing conservation efforts, but the associated collection of tissue biopsy samples can be challenging for the investigators and disruptive to the ongoing behaviour of the targeted whales. Here we evaluate a minimally intrusive approach based on collecting exhaled breath condensate, or respiratory 'blow' samples, from baleen whales using an unoccupied aerial system (UAS), within Gitga'at First Nation territory for conservation genetics. Minimal behavioural responses to the sampling technique were observed, with no response detected 87% of the time (of 112 UAS deployments). DNA from whale blow (<em>n</em> = 88 samples) was extracted, and DNA profiles consisting of 10 nuclear microsatellite loci, sex identification, and mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplotypes, were constructed. An average of 7.5 microsatellite loci per individual were successfully genotyped. The success rates for mtDNA and sex assignment were 80% and 89% respectively. Thus, this minimally intrusive sampling method can be used to describe genetic diversity and generate genetic profiles for individual identification. The results of this research show the potential of UAS-collected whale blow for conservation genetics from a remote location.</p>
Figure 1 in Genetic characterization of field populations of Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) sampled from the Aegean region of Turkey
Figure 1. Map of collection localities for mosquitoes.
Figure 2. A in Genetic characterization of field populations of Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) sampled from the Aegean region of Turkey
Figure 2. A UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei's (1972) genetic distances among C. pipiens populations.
Fig. 1 in Worldwide sampling reveals low genetic variability in populations of the freshwater ciliate Paramecium biaurelia (P. aurelia species complex, Ciliophora, Protozoa)
Fig. 1 Th_ origin (N = 92) of Paramecium biaurelia strains us_d in pr_s_nt studi_s
Dataset of avian samples collected and analyzed in: Genetic identification of avian samples recovered from solar energy installations
<p class="MsoNormal">Renewable energy production and development will drastically affect how we meet global energy demands, while simultaneously reducing the impact of climate change. Although the possible effects of renewable energy production (mainly from solar- and wind-energy facilities) on wildlife have been explored, knowledge gaps still remain, and collecting data from wildlife remains (when negative interactions occur) at energy installations can act as a first step regarding the study of species and communities interacting with facilities. In the case of avian species, samples can be collected relatively easily (as compared to other sampling methods), but may only be able to be identified when morphological characteristics are diagnostic for a species. Therefore, many samples that appear as partial remains, or "feather spots" – known to be of avian origin but not readily assignable to species via morphology – may remain unidentified, reducing the efficiency of sample collection and the accuracy of patterns observed. To obtain data from these samples and ensure their identification and inclusion in subsequent analyses, we applied, for the first time, a DNA barcoding approach that uses mitochondrial genetic data to identify unknown avian samples collected at solar facilities to species. We also verified and compared identifications obtained by our genetic method to traditional morphological identifications using a blind test, and discuss discrepancies observed. Our results suggest that this genetic tool can be used to verify, correct, and supplement identifications made in the field and can produce data that allow accurate comparisons of avian interactions across facilities, locations, or technology types. We recommend implementing this genetic approach to ensure that unknown samples collected are efficiently identified and contribute to a better understanding of wildlife impacts at renewable energy projects.</p>
Data from: Landscape genetic inferences vary with sampling scenario for a pond breeding amphibian
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Strong nuclear and mitochondrial genetic structure of <em>Mazzaella laminarioides</em> in the southeastern Pacific revealed by intensive sampling
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Data from: Time is of the essence: using archived samples to develop a GT-seq panel to preserve continuity of ongoing genetic monitoring
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Data from: Noninvasive sampling reveals short-term genetic rescue in an insular red fox population
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Genetic data of the 8733 non-invasive samples collected to study the French grey wolf population
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Collecting baleen whale blow samples by drone: a minimally intrusive tool for conservation genetics
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Dataset of avian samples collected and analyzed in: Genetic identification of avian samples recovered from solar energy installations
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Data from: Intraspecific DNA contamination distorts subtle population structure in a marine fish: decontamination of herring samples before restriction-site associated (RAD) sequencing and its effects on population genetic statistics
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Data from: Genetic sampling for estimating density of common species
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Data from: Evaluating genotyping-in-thousands by sequencing as a genetic monitoring tool for a climate sentinel mammal using non-invasive and archival samples
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.