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Figure 2 in Competition for food between the markhor and domestic goat in Chitral, Pakistan
Figure 2. Proportions of plant species in the diets of markhor and domestic goats; (a) during spring 2009, (b) during summer 2009.
Figure 1 in Rumen ciliate fauna (Ciliophora, Protista) of Turkish domestic goats living in İzmir, Turkey
Figure 1. Photomicrographs of E. semahatae, fixed and stained with MFS. The cell is in the early stage of binary fission. a) From right side, b) from left side.
Figure 5 in The effect of grazing by geese, goats, and fallow deer on soil mites (Acari)
Figure 5. Percentage ratio of adult and juvenile oribatids at goose pasture and corresponding meadow. Oribatida: A_ col – Achipteria coleoptrata, E_occ – Eupelops occultus, L_sim – Liebstadia similis, M_pul – Metabelba pulverosa, P_pel – Platynothrus peltifer, P_pun – Punctoribates punctum, S_lae – Scheloribates laevigatus, S_imm – Sellnickochthonius immaculatus, T_vel – Tectocepheus velatus, T_nov – Trichoribates novus.
Figure 3 in The effect of grazing by geese, goats, and fallow deer on soil mites (Acari)
Figure 3. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) for most abundant oribatid species with A> 0.5. Soil components and plant community, eigenvalues for axis 1 ʎ = 0.53 (72.0%), for axis 2 ʎ = 0.14 (19.2%), permutation test of first axis F = 0.7, p = 0.376. GM – goose meadow, GP – goose pasture, GoM – goat meadow, GoP – goat pasture, FM – fallow deer meadow, FP – fallow deer pasture, A_col – Achipteria coleoptrata, E_occ – Eupelops occultus, L_sim – Liebstadia similis, M_pul – Metabelba pulverosa, P_pel – Platynothrus peltifer, P_pun – Punctoribates punctum, S_lae – Scheloribates laevigatus, S_imm – Sellnickochthonius immaculatus, T_vel – Tectocepheus velatus, T_nov – Trichoribates novus.
Figure 1 in The effect of grazing by geese, goats, and fallow deer on soil mites (Acari)
Figure 1. Location of the study plots. Go – goat pasture and meadow, G – goose pasture and meadow, F – fallow deer pasture and meadow.
Figure 7 in The effect of grazing by geese, goats, and fallow deer on soil mites (Acari)
Figure 7. Percentage ratio of adult and juvenile oribatids at fallow deer pasture and corresponding meadow. Oribatida: A_col – Achipteria coleoptrata, E_occ – Eupelops occultus, L_sim – Liebstadia similis, M_pul – Metabelba pulverosa, P_pel – Platynothrus peltifer, P_pun – Punctoribates punctum, S_lae – Scheloribates laevigatus, S_imm – Sellnickochthonius immaculatus, T_vel – Tectocepheus velatus, T_nov – Trichoribates novus.
Fig. 1 in Are feral goats intermediate hosts for Linguatula (Pentastomida) in Australia?
Fig. 1. Anterior end of infective nymph of Linguatula sp. removed from capsule within mesenteric lymph node of a feral goat examined in this study. Lateral view. Note capsule wall on left side of photograph. ah, anterior hook; as, annular spine; bc, buccal capsule; dap, dorsal accessory piece; ph, posterior hook. Scale bar 50 μm.
Spatial distribution of cattle, sheep and goat density, and grazed areas for the European Union and the United Kingdom
<p>To improve the sustainability of the European livestock sector we need improved knowledge on livestock density, and also on the grazing patterns. Here we provide spatially explicit data on the distribution of cattle, sheep and goats, developed by combining agricultural and veterinary statistics, in-situ data, expert surveys and machine learning. The data allow for the differentiation between livestock that are grazing on semi-natural areas and managed grasslands, versus those that do not graze and are kept indoors. </p> <p>This dataset covers all European Union Member States and the United Kingdom, and presents the spatial distribution of cattle, sheep and goat density for approximately the year 2020. Livestock density was allocated on the Corine Land Cover data, resulting in a data-set with a 100 m resolution (EPSG: 3035 - ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe).</p> <p>Together with the livestock density maps, we also provide spatial data on the probability for grazing, and allocated grazed and non grazed areas.</p> <p><strong>File description:</strong></p> <p>The data-set consists of the following files:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>clc_forage_mask.tif</strong> , forage areas mask for EU, based on selected Corine Land Cover classes (not including seminatural land cover areas such as natural grasslands...). This was developed by surveying grazing, grassland and livestock experts from all EU Member States and the United Kingdom. More info in the upcoming paper and in the linked paper below (Malek et al. 2024). Values are the same as in the Corine Land Cover data.</li> <li><strong>grazing_probability.tif</strong> , grazing probability map, indicating how likely each location in the EU+UK is grazed</li> <li><strong>allocated_grazing.tif</strong> , allocated grazing map, indicating which areas are grazed and which are not</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>cattle density maps: <ul> <li><strong>cattle_grazing.tif</strong> , cattle grazing on managed forage areas</li> <li><strong>cattle_other.tif</strong> , cattle kept indoors, receiving feed from managed forage areas</li> <li><strong>cattle_seminatural.tif</strong> , cattle grazing in semi-natural areas</li> <li><strong>cattle_mosaic_categorical.tif</strong> (with a legend file) , combined categorical map for all cattle types.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>sheep and goat density maps: <ul> <li><strong>sheep_goat_other.tif</strong> , sheep and goat density</li> <li><strong>sheep_goat_seminatural.tif </strong>, sheep and goat grazing in seminatural areas</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
TYPES: Male holotype from Panama: Panama: Parque Nacional Altos de Campana, 1 hectare PANCODING Inventory, 895 m, 8.68333°, -79.92972°, June 14–19, 2007, M. Arnedo, D. Dimitrov, G. Hormiga, F. Labarque, M. Ramírez, deposited in MIUP, PBI_OON 42313; same data, 1 male paratype deposited in MACN-Ar 29895, PBI_OON 42312. ETYMOLOGY: A noun in apposition; in Greek religion and mythology, Pan is the god of the wild natural world, of shepherds, flocks, and mountains, and of hunting and rustic music. He has hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, and the name is here employed to note the large mac- rosetae at the eye region of males that resemble the horns in some illustrations of this god. DIAGNOSIS: This is one of the most autapomor- phic species from the Americas; males have the labium fused with the sternum (fig. 34B), small chelicerae, shorter than the endite length, with anterior blunt projections, and directed backward in lateral view (fig. 34D, E); clypeus directed back- ward (fig. 34D); two light areas on the sternum just below the endites (fig. 34B), carapace almost flat in lateral view and two strong macrosetae at the eye region, pointing forward (fig. 34C–E). Other characters of the male palp, such as the presence of two apophyses, also distinguish this species from others (fig. 38D–F). MALE (PBI_OON 42312): Total length 1.00. Habitus as in figure 34A–C. CEPHALOTHO- RAX: Carapace orange, with brown stripe along in Taxonomic Revision Of The Jumping Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Orchestina Simon, 1882, In The Americas (Araneae: Oonopidae)
TYPES: Male holotype from Panama: Panama: Parque Nacional Altos de Campana, 1 hectare PANCODING Inventory, 895 m, 8.68333°, -79.92972°, June 14–19, 2007, M. Arnedo, D. Dimitrov, G. Hormiga, F. Labarque, M. Ramírez, deposited in MIUP, PBI_OON 42313; same data, 1 male paratype deposited in MACN-Ar 29895, PBI_OON 42312. ETYMOLOGY: A noun in apposition; in Greek religion and mythology, Pan is the god of the wild natural world, of shepherds, flocks, and mountains, and of hunting and rustic music. He has hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, and the name is here employed to note the large mac- rosetae at the eye region of males that resemble the horns in some illustrations of this god. DIAGNOSIS: This is one of the most autapomor- phic species from the Americas; males have the labium fused with the sternum (fig. 34B), small chelicerae, shorter than the endite length, with anterior blunt projections, and directed backward in lateral view (fig. 34D, E); clypeus directed back- ward (fig. 34D); two light areas on the sternum just below the endites (fig. 34B), carapace almost flat in lateral view and two strong macrosetae at the eye region, pointing forward (fig. 34C–E). Other characters of the male palp, such as the presence of two apophyses, also distinguish this species from others (fig. 38D–F). MALE (PBI_OON 42312): Total length 1.00. Habitus as in figure 34A–C. CEPHALOTHO- RAX: Carapace orange, with brown stripe along
Goat Bleatings
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>This dataset, composed of 4147 sounds, contains bleatings that have been spontaneously emitted by goats in different farming contexts. Each sound file is in WAV format and is 2 seconds long.</p> <p>Vocalizations were collected in four goat farms belonging to the European innovation partnership called VOCAPRA, in the frame of the EIP-AGRI project “Multidisciplinary approach for setting up a continuous monitoring system in dairy goat farms by means of animal vocalisations”), financed within the operation 16.1.01 “Cooperation” of the Rural Development Programme 2014 - 2020 of Lombardy Region. For further information about the VOCAPRA project, please refer to the project website (<a href="https://vocapra.lim.di.unimi.it/">https://vocapra.lim.di.unimi.it/</a>).</p> <p>The dataset is a selection of vocalizations recorded continuously during a whole year, classed into the following contexts of emission:</p> <ul> <li>heat</li> <li>feed distribution</li> <li>parturition</li> <li>injury or death</li> <li>social isolation</li> <li>mother-kid reunion</li> <li>mother-kid separation</li> <li>presence of unknown visitors</li> </ul> <p>The ZIP archive contains two directories, "testing" and "training", and each directory is structured in subdirectories that contain files referrable to a given emission context.</p> <p><strong>Terms of use</strong></p> <p>The dataset is open access for scientific research and non-commercial purposes.</p> <p>The authors require to acknowledge their work and, in the case of scientific publication, cite the following paper:</p> <p>Ntalampiras, S., Ludovico, L.A., Presti, G., Celozzi, S., Battini, M., Mattiello, S.: An Integrated System for the Acoustic Monitoring of Goat Farms. Ecological Informatics, vol. 75, 102043. Elsevier (2023).<br> ISSN: 1574-9541</p>
GWAS analysis for tolerance to heat stress and milk production, in subtropical Egyptian goats
<p>The conservation of local Egyptian goat genotypes has been a national program since 2009. Our study investigated different subtropical Egyptian goat populations (367 does) from different harsh ecological zones(hot Upper Egypt, Coastal Zone of Western Desert, and Wahati Desert Oasis) to identify genes associated with heat stress. We examined the physiological response of animals that were exposed to simulated summer grazing conditions, and physiological parameters including respiration rate, gas volume, rectal temperature, and skin temperature. Temperature Humidity Index ranged from 98.6 to 109.3, indicating that the animals were under severe heat stress. Results showed significant differences between the populations in their tolerance to heat stress, with Saidi goats being the most adapted to hot-dry conditions. Respiration rate was found to be the most reliable physiological trait for differentiating between animals in their tolerance to heat stress. The GWAS analysis involved 157 genotypes and 54,032 marker-SNPs, revealing 90 SNPs associated with heat stress and 70 SNPs associated with milk production. Chromosome 1 had the highest number of SNPs associated with heat-stress traits, while chromosome 4 exhibited the largest number of significant SNPs associated with milk production. Several genes were associated with heat stress response and tolerance in goats. These genes were categorized into three main groups: heat stress response, stress response, and reproduction, and feed intake. The first group includes USP54, KDM6A, and ETNPPL, which have multiple functions, such as steroid biosynthesis, metabolism, and stress response, and are also involved in key biological processes such as reproduction, immune response, and metabolism. The second group, which is mostly associated with immune response, includes GLTSCR2 and NAALADL2. Finally, a group of genes that may control animal feed intakes, including TRPM3 and ZBTB8A. Additionally, several genes, such as FHIT, GALNT18, RAPGEF5, and RBFOX1, linked to milk production, are known to be linked fertility, and fatty acid composition. These findings provide insights into the potential roles of these genes in heat stress response and tolerance in goats, and the genetic basis for improved milk production and animal welfare and can be used as selection markers in the ongoing breeding programs.</p>
"I was on vacation in Mala, living in a self-catering holiday cottage, together with my girlfriend (we're together for 11 years now), recovering from a heavy workload in the second half of 2008. We were sitting outside, probably sipping a beer, when we heard the sound of bells approaching. Stepping on the stones that enclose the little forecourt of the cottage, we could just see the goat herd being driven by. Idashed for my R09 (recording equipment) to get that impression – but too slowly too late, it seemed, the herd had disappeared and with it the sound. When Iwas about to pack my R09 again the sound appeared to come back, so Idashed down the driveway, just in time to see the herd pass, and then Ifollowed it a couple of hundred meters, walking behind the herd, trying not to breathe or make stepping sounds, eventually, when dogs started barking and a car approached from behind, I stopped and let the goats go on, the car passes, honks ... and Icut the recording and walk back to the cottage." [Peter/ptroxler]13 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice
"I was on vacation in Mala, living in a self-catering holiday cottage, together with my girlfriend (we're together for 11 years now), recovering from a heavy workload in the second half of 2008. We were sitting outside, probably sipping a beer, when we heard the sound of bells approaching. Stepping on the stones that enclose the little forecourt of the cottage, we could just see the goat herd being driven by. Idashed for my R09 (recording equipment) to get that impression – but too slowly too late, it seemed, the herd had disappeared and with it the sound. When Iwas about to pack my R09 again the sound appeared to come back, so Idashed down the driveway, just in time to see the herd pass, and then Ifollowed it a couple of hundred meters, walking behind the herd, trying not to breathe or make stepping sounds, eventually, when dogs started barking and a car approached from behind, I stopped and let the goats go on, the car passes, honks ... and Icut the recording and walk back to the cottage." [Peter/ptroxler]13
Annual primary productivity in control plots at a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
Annual productivity is determined from aboveground biomass data at permanent, high marsh, control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh in North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
Porewater nutrient concentrations from control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
Porewater samples from a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh on Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC were analyzed for ammonium, phosphate, sulfide and chloride concentrations.
Aboveground biomass from control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
Aboveground biomass is determined non-destructively at permanent, high marsh, control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh in North Inlet, Georgetown, SC. Measurements are done monthly.
Garfagnina goats with Illumina CaprineSNP50 BeadChip
<p>The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of the Garfagnina (GRF) goat, a breed that currently risks extinction. For this purpose, 48 goats were genotyped with the Illumina CaprineSNP50 BeadChip and analyzed together with 214 goats belonging to 9 other Italian breeds (~25 goats/breed) from the AdaptMap project [Argentata (ARG), Bionda dell'Adamello (BIO), Ciociara Grigia (CCG), Di Teramo (DIT), Garganica (GAR), Girgentana (GGT), Orobica (ORO), Valdostana (VAL) and Valpassiria (VSS)]. Comparative analyses were conducted on i) runs of homozygosity (ROH), ii) admixture ancestries and iii) the accuracy of breed traceability via discriminant analysis on principal components (DAPC) based on cross-validation. For GRF, an excess of ROH (more than 45% in GRF samples) was detected on CHR 12 at, roughly 50.25-50.94Mbp (ARS1 assembly), which spans the CENPJ (centromere protein) and IL17D (interleukin 17D) genes. The same area of excess ROH was also present in DIT, while a broader region (~49.25-51.94Mbp) was shared among the ARG, CCG, and GGT. Admixture analysis revealed a small region of common ancestry from GRFshared by BIO, VSS, ARG and CCG breeds. The DAPC model yielded 100% assignment success for GRF. Overall, our results support the identification of GRF as a distinct native Italian goat breed. This work can contribute to planning conservation programmes to save GRF from extinction and will improve the understanding of the socio-agro-economic factors related with the farming of GRF.</p>
Mountain goat molt from community photographs
<p>Participatory approaches, such as community photography, can engage the public in questions of societal and scientific interest while helping advance understanding of ecological patterns and processes. We combined data extracted from community-sourced, spatially-explicit photographs with research findings from 2018 fieldwork in the Yukon, Canada, to evaluate winter coat molt patterns and phenology in mountain goats (<i>Oreamnos americanus</i>), a cold-adapted, alpine mammal. Leveraging the community science portals iNaturalist and CitSci, in less than a year we amassed a database of almost seven hundred unique photographs spanning some 4500 kms between latitudes <span>37.6°N</span> and 61.1<span>°N from </span>0m to 4333m elevation. Using statistical methods accounting for incomplete data, a common issue in community science data sets, we identified the effects of intrinsic (sex and presence of offspring) and broad environmental (latitude and elevation) factors on molt onset and rate and compared our findings with published data. Shedding occurred over a 3-month period between May 29 and September 6. Effects of sex and offspring on the timing of molt were consistent between the community-sourced and our Yukon data and with findings on wild mountain goats at a long-term research site in west-central Alberta, Canada. Males molted first, followed by females without offspring (4.4 days later in the coarse-grained, geographically-wide community science sample; 29.2 days later in our fine-grained Yukon sample) and lastly females with new kids (6.2; 21.2 days later, respectively). Shedding was later at higher elevations and faster at northern latitudes. Our findings establish a basis for employing community photography to examine broad-scale questions about the timing of ecological events, as well as sex differences in response to possible climate drivers. In addition, community photography can help inspire public participation in environmental and outdoor activities specifically with reference to iconic wildlife. </p>
Long-term individual-based records of mountain goat mortality and terrain use in relation to avalanches in coastal Alaska during 2005-2022
<p>Snow is a major, climate-sensitive feature of the Earth's surface and a catalyst of fundamentally important ecosystem processes. Understanding how snow influences sentinel species in rapidly changing mountain ecosystems is particularly critical. Whereas the effects of snow on food availability, energy expenditure, and predation are well documented, we report how avalanches exert major impacts on an ecologically significant mountain ungulate - the coastal Alaskan mountain goat (<em>Oreamnos americanus</em>). Using long-term GPS data and field observations across four populations (421 individuals over 17 years), we show that avalanches caused 23-65% of all mortality, depending on area. Deaths varied seasonally and were directly linked to spatial movement patterns and avalanche terrain use. Population-level avalanche mortality, 61% of which comprised reproductively important prime-aged individuals, averaged 8% annually and exceeded 22% when avalanche conditions were severe. Our findings reveal a widespread but previously undescribed pathway by which snow can elicit major population-level impacts and shape demographic characteristics of slow-growing populations of mountain-adapted animals.</p>
South African communal indigenous goats
<p><span>Indigenous goats form the majority of populations in smallholder; low input, low output production systems and are considered an important genetic resource due to their adaptability to different production environments and support communal farming. Effective population size (N<sub>e</sub>), inbreeding levels, and the runs of homozygosity (ROHs) are effective tools for exploring the genetic diversity and understanding the demographic history in efforts to support breeding strategies to use and conserve genetic resources. Across populations, the current N<sub>e</sub> of Gauteng was the lowest at 371 animals, while the historical N<sub>e</sub> across populations suggests that the ancestor Ne has decreased by 53.86%, 44.58%, 42.16% and 41.16% in Free State (FS), North West (NW), Limpopo (LP) and Gauteng (GP), respectively, over the last 971 generations. Genomic inbreeding levels related to ancient kinship (F<em><sub>ROH</sub></em> >5Mb) was highest in FS (0.08±0.09) and lowest for Eastern Cape (EC) (0.02±0.02). A total of 871 ROH island regions which include important environmental adaptation and hermo-tolerance genes such as <em>IL10RB</em>, <em>IL23A</em>, <em>FGF9</em>, <em>IGF1</em>, <em>EGR1</em>, <em>MTOR</em> and <em>MAPK3</em> were identified (occurring in over 20% of the samples) in FS (n = 37), GP (n = 42), NW (n = 2) populations only. The mean length of ROH across populations was 7.76Mb and ranged from 1.61Mb KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) to 98.05Mb (GP and NW). Distribution of ROH according to their size showed that the majority (n = 1949) of the detected ROH were >5Mb in length than the other categories. Assuming two hypothetical ancestral populations, the population from KZN and LP are revealed, supporting PC 1. The genomes of KZN and LP shared an origin but have substantial admixture from the EC and NW populations. The findings revealed that the occurrence of high Ne and autozygosity varied largely across breeds in communal indigenous goat populations at recent and ancient events when a genome-wide Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker was used. The use of Illumina goat SNP50K BeadChip shows that there was a migration route of communal indigenous goat populations from the northern part (LP) of South Africa to the eastern areas of the KZN, that confirmed their historical relatedness and which coincide with the migration periods of the Bantu nation.</span></p>
Genome-wide population structure and admixture analysis reveals weak differentiation among Ugandan goat breeds
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>Uganda is endowed with a large population of goats from predominantly indigenous breeds reared in diverse production systems, whose existence is threatened by crossbreeding with exotic Boer goats. Knowledge about the genetic characteristics and relationships among these Ugandan goat breeds and the potential admixture of the exotic breed Boer is still limited. Using a medium density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel, we assessed the genetic diversity, population structure and admixture in six Ugandan goat breeds. Samples from five indigenous Ugandan goat breeds including Mubende (n=29), Kigezi (n=29), Small East African (n=29), Sebei (n=29) and Karamojong (n=15), and the exotic breed Boer (n=13) from different agro-ecological regions of Uganda were genotyped using the GoatSNP50 BeadChip. Analysis of genotype data revealed high levels of polymorphism with the proportion of polymorphic SNPs ranging from 0.885 in Kigezi to 0.928 in Sebei. The overall mean genetic diversity indices across breeds for <em>H<sub>O</sub></em> and <em>H<sub>E</sub></em> was 0.355±0.147 and 0.384±0.143 respectively. Principle components, genetic distances and ADMIXTURE analyses revealed weak population sub-structuring among the breeds. Principle components separate Kigezi and weakly Small East African from other indigenous goats. Sebei and Karamojong are tightly entangled together while Mubende occupies a more central position with high admixture from all other local breeds. The Boer breed showed a unique cluster from the Ugandan indigenous goat breeds. The results reflect common ancestry but also some level of geographical differentiation. ADMIXTURE and four population test analyses further revealed gene-flow from Boer to Ugandan indigenous goat breeds and varying levels of admixture among the Ugandan indigenous breeds. Generally, moderate to high levels of genetic variability were observed in the Ugandan goat breeds. Our findings provide useful insight to devise strategies to maintain genetic diversity in local goat breeds from Uganda and to design appropriate breeding programs to exploit within breed diversity and heterozygote advantage in cross-breeding schemes.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.