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145 results for “gorgonian coral”
FIGURE 6 in A new genus and species of enigmatic gorgonian coral from the Ryukyu Archipelago northwestern Pacific, with a discussion of calcaxonian systematics (Cnidaria Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 6. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm.
FIGURE 8 in A new genus and species of enigmatic gorgonian coral from the Ryukyu Archipelago northwestern Pacific, with a discussion of calcaxonian systematics (Cnidaria Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 8. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Camera lucida illustrations of polyp sclerites (rod-like structures presumably from the tentacles); scale bar=0.02 mm.
FIGURE 5 in A new genus and species of enigmatic gorgonian coral from the Ryukyu Archipelago northwestern Pacific, with a discussion of calcaxonian systematics (Cnidaria Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 5. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus and species of enigmatic gorgonian coral from the Ryukyu Archipelago northwestern Pacific, with a discussion of calcaxonian systematics (Cnidaria Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 1. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. A. Two photographic views of the entire holotype; scale bar=45 mm. B–C. Dissecting microscope views of external morphology. B. Two views of a portion of the colony showing placement of polyp mounds; scale bar=2.50 mm. C. Details of surface of colony showing polyp mounds and partially exserted polyps; scale bar=2.50 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new genus and species of enigmatic gorgonian coral from the Ryukyu Archipelago northwestern Pacific, with a discussion of calcaxonian systematics (Cnidaria Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 3. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of morphological features. A. A portion of the external surface of the holotype showing a polyp mound (center) and dense arrangement of sclerites in the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=1.0 mm. B–D. Oblique views of portions of the axis showing distinctive quadrangular shape in transverse section, and solid calcified material distributed throughout the axial interior; scale bars=0.2 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new genus and species of enigmatic gorgonian coral from the Ryukyu Archipelago northwestern Pacific, with a discussion of calcaxonian systematics (Cnidaria Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 2. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. A. Scanning electron micrograph of a portion of the polypary showing a single polyp mound, and sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.4 mm. B–C. Two photographic views of a portion of the polypary; scale for B=1.0 mm; scale bar for C=2.5 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new genus and species of enigmatic gorgonian coral from the Ryukyu Archipelago northwestern Pacific, with a discussion of calcaxonian systematics (Cnidaria Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 4. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of axial structure. A–B. Longitudinal views of two portions of axis; scale bar=1.0 mm. C. Transverse section of axial portion in A; scale bar=0.2 mm.
Data from: Early life history of deep-water gorgonian corals may limit their abundance
Deep-water gorgonian corals are long-lived organisms found worldwide off continental margins and seamounts, usually occurring at depths of ~200–1,000 m. Most corals undergo sexual reproduction by releasing a planktonic larval stage that disperses; however, recruitment rates and the environmental and biological factors influencing recruitment in deep-sea species are poorly known. Here, we present results from a 4-year field experiment conducted in the Gulf of Maine (northwest Atlantic) at depths of more than 650 m that document recruitment for 2 species of deep-water gorgonian corals, Primnoa resedaeformis and Paragorgia arborea. The abundance of P. resedaeformis recruits was high, and influenced by the structural complexity of the recipient habitat, but very few recruits of P. arborea were found. We suggest that divergent reproductive modes (P. resedaeformis as a broadcast spawner and P. arborea as a brooder) may explain this pattern. Despite the high recruitment of P. resedaeformis, severe mortality early on in the benthic stage of this species may limit the abundance of adult colonies. Most recruits of this species (more than 80%) were at the primary polyp stage, and less than 1% of recruits were at stage of 4 polyps or more. We propose that biological disturbance, possibly by the presence of suspension-feeding brittle stars, and limited food supply in the deep sea may cause this mortality. Our findings reinforce the vulnerability of these corals to anthropogenic disturbances, such as trawling with mobile gear, and the importance of incorporating knowledge on processes during the early life history stages in conservation decisions.
Data from: Early life history of deep-water gorgonian corals may limit their abundance
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Map A1 from: Horvath EA (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 860: 183-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317
Map A1 Distribution of species in genus Swiftia seen in, or immediately adjacent to, the California Bight. Range extensions are not definitive, but illustrative of the geographic distribution of specimens housed in SBMNH collection.
Figure 9 from: Horvath EA (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 860: 183-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317
Figure 9 Swiftiasimplex, specimen #81-99B-1 (Alaska Fisheries Service), light microscopy arrays. A 4× magnification, showing long, slender spindles and anthocodial fingerbiscuit-rods B 10× magnification of sclerites, emphasizing fingerbiscuit-rods of anthocodium. These rods measure between 340–350 µm, while long, thin spindles measure between 430–500 µm. Specimen provided by Bob Stone, Alaska Fisheries Service.
Figure 8 from: Horvath EA (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 860: 183-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317
Figure 8 Swiftiasimplex, SBMNH 422979. A Entire colony, ~21 cm long, diameter ≤3 cm, including calyx B Branch close-up showing calyx placement on branch. Scale bar: 3 cm (A).
Figure 6 from: Horvath EA (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 860: 183-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317
Figure 6 Swiftiapacifica, specimen 41-100A-2 (Alaska Fisheries Service, Gulf of Alaska, via Bob Stone), SEM image. A Long spindles B Jagged disk-spindle/capstan-like sclerites C Thick, elongated rod-like spindles D Anthocodial "fingerbiscuit-rod" forms characteristic of the genus E Irregular spindles F Odd irregular spindles.
Figure 7 from: Horvath EA (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 860: 183-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317
Figure 7 In situ shot, identified as Swiftiasimplex. This is what one would expect to see of live colony. Notice strong similarity to that seen in Figure 28, Part II. As specimen was not collected, identification cannot be confirmed. Image (02_57_27_20) courtesy of Lonny Lundsten and Kim Fulton-Bennet, "(c) 1992 MBARI."
Figure 42 from: Horvath EA (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 860: 183-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317
Figure 42 Genus Keratoisis, SBMNH 422980, light microscopy arrays. A 4× magnification, showing sclerites, most notably very long needle form B Array of shorter needles, 10× magnification C Image specifically highlights very long needles characteristic of species in genus Keratoisis. Long needle-like sclerites range from 620–775 µm in length, while very small spindles average ~80 µm.
Figure 43 from: Horvath EA (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 860: 183-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317
Figure 43 Genus Keratoisis, SBMNH 422980, SEM image. A, C–E Moderate-length spindles B Very long, fusiform spindles (needles) characteristic of genus.
Figure 41 from: Horvath EA (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 860: 183-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317
Figure 41 Genus Keratoisis, SBMNH 422980. A Branch fragment; coenenchyme thin, translucent yellow, easily coming off underlying axis; the fragment measures ~15 cm long B Close up of polyps and very thin coenenchyme on branch fragment.
Figure 5 from: Horvath EA (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 860: 183-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317
Figure 5 Swiftiapacifica, specimen 41-39-1 (Alaska Fisheries Service, Gulf of Alaska); looking in same form of that seen in Figure 3, light microscopy arrays. A (4×) showing variety of sclerites, particularly the characteristic "fingerbiscuit-rod" seen in the genus Swiftia. Sclerites from specimen examined for Bob Stone, Alaska Fisheries Service B Higher magnification, 10×, showing all sclerite forms, including obvious anthocodial fingerbiscuit-rods. The larger spindles measure ~300 µm long, smaller spindles of ~200 µm, and the rods range from 308–370 µm in length.
Figure 4 from: Horvath EA (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 860: 183-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317
Figure 4 Swiftiakofoidi [? Swiftiapacifica], SBMNH 232036, SEM image. A Truncated, jagged disk-spindle/capstan-like forms B Elongated spindles C Might be a typical "fingerbiscuit-rod" form typical of the genus; seen very rarely, if at all in this species D An irregular spindle.
Figure 40 from: Horvath EA (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 860: 183-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317
Figure 40 Plumarellalongispina, SBMNH 422394, SEM image. A, B Body wall scales C Flatter coenenchymal scales D Marginal scales E Marginal spinous sclerites F–H Opercular scales (worn). Compare/contrast these images with those shown in Cairns 2011 (Figure 5, P.spicata).
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