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56 results for “grazing intensity”
Legacy effect of grazing intensity mediates the bottom-up controls of resource addition on soil food webs
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Data from: Long-term grazing intensity by reindeer alters the response of the soil micro-food web to simulated climate change in subarctic tundra
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Avian species richness and abundance shows stronger response to bison grazing intensity than to ecosystem productivity
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Grazing in a megagrazer-dominated savanna does not reduce soil carbon stocks, even at high intensities
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A meta-analysis of the effects of habitat aridity, evolutionary history of grazing, and grazing intensity on bee and butterfly communities worldwide
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Aridity and grazing are associated with reduced trait complementarity and higher invasion intensity of Solanum rostratum in native plant communities
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Grazing intensity significantly changes the C:N:P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems
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Data from: Cascading effects of earthworm invasion in tundra increase graminoid density and rodent grazing intensities
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Vegetation cover and Soil Organic Carbon along gradients of cattle grazing intensity in the Jornada Basin, July-August 2016
The goal of this Master’s thesis project, which was carried out in July and August of 2016, was to assess the effect of inferred grazing intensity on 1) vegetation cover type and 2) soil organic carbon (SOC) at the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. A sampling transect was established at each of 3 long term cattle water sources (85-106 years old), beginning 5m from the water source and continuing 1500m outward. Soil bulk density, soil organic carbon, soil organic nitrogen, and dominant plant cover type (shrub, grass, and bare soil) were sampled at 20 locations on each transect. Two hypotheses evaluated in this study are: 1) higher grazing pressure near the water source will lead to reduced vegetation cover and C inputs into the soil, leading to higher SOC stocks in soil with far proximity to the water source; and 2) Grazing very close to the water source will exert high disturbance and deposit SOC via defecation, leading to higher SOC stocks in soil with close proximity to the water source.
Plant communities, grazing intensity, soil properties and decomposers in grasslands across elevation in the Eastern Carpathians in Ukraine
<p>This data set contains information on plant community properties, grazing intensity, elevation, soil properties and density of soil decomposers collected in 2006 and 2007 from the 31 semi-natural grasslands exposed to cattle grazing along elevation gradient at large topographic scale ranging from the Carpathian Mountains, across the adjacent foothills to the plain areas. Plant community properties are represented by the following variables for each of the 31 study grassland: number of species (species number 100 m<sup>-2</sup>), number of functional groups 100 m<sup>-2 </sup>(that is, legumes, grasses, rushes and sedges, and non-legume forbs), proportion of undesirable weeds (%), number of species of legumes (species number 100 m<sup>-2</sup>), number of species of grasses (species number 100 m<sup>-2</sup>), number of species of rushes and sedges (species number 100 m<sup>-2</sup>), and number of non-legume forbs (species number 100 m<sup>-2</sup>). Grazing intensity is measured as cattle density (livestock units h<sup>-1</sup>). Soil properties are represented for each 31 study grassland by bare soil exposure (%) , soil organic carbon content (%), and soil pH. Density of soil decomposers are represented by biomass of earthworms g m<sup>-2</sup> and abundance of soil microorganisms cells × 10<sup>8</sup> g (dry soil)<sup>-1</sup>. Plant community composition is based on individual species' canopy cover. This dataset also contain information on the following plant traits for each plant species (n=175 species) found across the 31 study pastures across 2006 and 2007 sampling years: family of the plant species, belonging to legumes, grasses, rushes and sedges, non-legume forbs, and undesirable weeds. All data are averages across the two sampling years. </p>
Data from: Responses of growing‐season soil respiration to water and nitrogen addition as affected by grazing intensity
1. Most grasslands in the world, including the semi-arid steppe in China, are threatened by nitrogen deposition, precipitation change, and livestock grazing, which greatly affect soil carbon processes (e. g., soil respiration). Although the individual effects of nitrogen deposition and precipitation change on soil respiration are well understood, how their effects on soil respiration are altered by different grazing intensities is unclear. 2. To determine how the effects of nitrogen deposition and precipitation change on soil respiration are affected by grazing intensity, we conducted an experiment in a semi-arid steppe involving areas that experienced 10 years of no, light, moderate, or heavy grazing. These areas were treated with water addition (110 mm, 30% of the mean annual precipitation) and nitrogen addition (10.5 g m-2 yr-1). 3. Our results showed that relative to no grazing, grazing decreased growing-season soil respiration by 10-19%. The decline in soil respiration was mainly via its negative effects on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and the fungi:bacteria ratio with light grazing, mainly via its negative effects on ANPP and leaf nitrogen content with moderate grazing, and mainly via its negative effects on ANPP, root biomass, microbial biomass, and the fungi:bacteria ratio with heavy grazing. 4. Across all grazing intensities, both water and water+nitrogen addition increased growing-season soil respiration, whereas nitrogen addition decreased growing-season soil respiration. Water addition increased growing-season soil respiration mostly via its positive effect on ANPP with no grazing and with low grazing, and mostly via its positive effects on both plant and microbial variables with moderate and heavy grazing. The pathways determining the nitrogen addition-induced decline in growing-season soil respiration was the same within each of the four levels of grazing and mostly resulted from its negative effect on microbial variables. 5. Our results indicate that the effects of climate change on growing-season soil respiration and other soil carbon processes in grasslands depend on grazing intensity. The findings suggest that grazing intensity should be considered in future manipulation experiments and should be included in carbon models in order to accurately simulate soil carbon dynamics under scenarios of climate change in grassland ecosystems.
Data from: Functional diversity loss with increasing livestock grazing intensity in drylands: the mechanisms and their consequences depend on the taxa
1. Overgrazing is one of the main drivers of desertification in drylands, and livestock production is expected to increase in the next decades. The analysis of functional diversity can clarify the effects of increasing livestock grazing on ecosystem functioning. 2. We assess the effect of livestock grazing intensity on the relationship between taxonomic (TDH) and functional diversity (FDQ) of plants, ants and small mammals, as well as on within-trait diversity. We compared results using two indices of taxonomic diversity (Shannon and Simpson). We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess the causal relationship between grazing intensity, TDH, FDQ and decomposition rate for each taxa. 3. Correlation between TDH vs. FDQ varied across assemblages and seasons, but was consistent between different indices of taxonomic diversity. A similar trajectory of TDH vs. FDQ under land-use intensification was found for all taxa, with a correlated loss of species and functional traits. Also, within-trait diversity was negatively affected by increasing grazing pressure. Vegetation and small mammal SEM models show that increasing grazing intensity had a strong and direct effect on decomposition rate. The ant SEM model was the only one that showed an indirect effect of grazing on decomposition through FDQ. TDH had no effect on decomposition for either taxa. 4. We found higher niche differentiation in animal than in plant assemblages. In vegetation, several species seem to have similar trait diversity (i.e. redundancy), perhaps due to a dominant role of environmental constraints. These results were consistent among diversity indices. But increasing disturbance negatively affected TDH vs. FDQ in all assemblages in a similar way. Livestock grazing affected decomposition rate directly, and indirectly only through the effect of ants FDQ. 5. Synthesis and applications. Under increasing grazing intensity all plant and animal assemblages respond with a mirrored reduction in taxonomic and functional diversity, although vegetation seems to have higher functional redundancy. Our results are robust to diversity indices, showing that several taxa respond similarly to land-use intensification, despite differences in the mechanism behind it. This may facilitate sustainable management. Notably, increasing grazing intensity affects decomposition rate through a stronger direct than indirect effect. The stronger direct effect of livestock on decomposition rate, rather than indirectly through functional diversity, suggests that changes in structure may be more important than changes in community composition.
Regrowth strategies of Leymus chinensis in response to different grazing intensities
<p><span>In temperate grassland ecosystems, grazing can affect plant growth by foraging, trampling and excretion. The ability of dominant plant species to regrow after grazing is critical, since it allows the regeneration of photosynthetic tissues to support growth. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effects of different grazing intensities (control, light, medium, and heavy) on the physiological and biochemical responses of <i>Leymus chinensis </i>and the carbon (C) sources utilized during regrowth. Light grazing promoted regrowth and photoassimilate storage of <i>L. chinensis</i>, by increasing the net photosynthetic rate (<i>P</i><sub>n</sub>), photosynthetic quenching, light interception, sugar accumulation, sucrose synthase activities, and fructose supply from stems. At medium grazing intensity, <i>L. chinensis</i> had low <i>P</i><sub>n</sub>, light interception, and sugar accumulation, but higher expression of a sucrose transporter gene (<i>LcSUT1</i>) and water-use efficiency, which reflected a tendency to store C in belowground to promote survival. This strategy was associated with regulation by abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonate, and salicylic acid (SA) signaling. However, <i>L. chinensis </i>tolerated heavy grazing by increased ABA and jasmonate-induced promotion of C assimilation and osmotic adjustment, combined with photoprotection against photo-oxidation, suggesting a strategy based on regrowth. In addition, stems were the main C source organs and energy supply rather than roots. Simultaneously, SA represented a weaker defense than ABA and jasmonate. Therefore, <i>L. chinensis</i> adopted different strategies for regrowth under different grazing intensities, and light grazing promoted regrowth the most. Our results demonstrate the regulation of C reserves utilization by phytohormones, and this regulation provides an explanation for recent results about grazing responses.</span></p>
Data of "Grazing intensity and horn status influence activity on pasture, physiological pre-slaughter reactions and meat quality in beef heifers"
<p>Raw data of the article of "Grazing intensity and horn status influence activity on pasture, physiological pre-slaughter reactions and meat quality in beef heifers". Dataset of 64 crossbred beef heifers. Both experimental independent variables (animal id, horn status, grazing intensity, replicate) and dependent variables (related to physical activity on pasture, behaviour tests, stress physiology and meat quality) are presented.</p>
Data from: Grazing-induced patchiness, not grazing intensity, drives plant diversity in European low-input pastures
<p>Vegetation and soil data from:</p> <p>Tonn, Densing, Gabler, Isselstein: Grazing-induced patchiness, not grazing intensity, drives plant diversity in European low-input pastures, Journal of Applied Ecology</p> <p>The first data sheet contains a description of column names and contents, the second data sheet contains the data set itself.</p>
Data from: Asymmetric effects of grazing intensity on macroelements and microelements in grassland soil and plants in Inner Mongolia
<p>Grazing is a traditional grassland management technique and greatly alters ecosystem nutrient cycling. The effects of grazing intensity on the nutrient dynamics of soil and plants in grassland ecosystems remain uncertain, especially among microelements. A two-year field grazing experiment was conducted in a typical grassland with four grazing intensities (ungrazed control, light, moderate, and heavy grazing) in Inner Mongolia, China. Nutrient concentration was assessed in soil and three dominant plant species (<i>Stipa krylovii</i>, <i>Leyums chinensis</i>, and <i>Cleistogenes squarrosa</i>). Assessed quantities included four macroelements (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg)) and four microelements (copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)). Soil total C, total N, total P, available N, and available P concentrations significantly increased with grazing intensity but soil Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn concentrations had no significant response. Plant C concentration decreased but plant N, P, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations significantly increased with grazing intensity. In soil, macroelement dynamics (i.e., C, N, and P) exhibited higher sensitivity with grazing intensity, conversely in plants, microelements were more sensitive. This result indicates macroelements and microelements in soil and plants had asymmetric responses with grazing intensity. The slopes of nutrient linear regression in <i>C. squarrosa</i> were higher than that of <i>S. krylovii</i> and <i>L. chinensis</i>, indicating that <i>C. squarrosa</i> had higher nutrient acquisition capacity and responded more rapidly to heavy grazing. These findings indicate that short-term heavy grazing accelerates nutrient cycling of the soil-plant system in grassland ecosystems, elucidate the multiple nutrient dynamics of soil and plants with grazing intensity, and emphasize the important function of microelements in plant adaptation in grazing management.</p>
Grazing intensity effects on herbaceous community composition in burned sagebrush-steppe
<p>There is limited knowledge on grazing impacts to long-term plant community dynamics following fire in sagebrush steppe, This study evaluated vegetation response to different intensities of deferred rotation cattle grazing over 16 years (2007–2022) on burned Wyoming big sagebrush steppe in eastern Oregon. Treatments were applied in a randomized complete block, including on grazing on burned (Non-use, n=5) and unburned (Control, n=5) steppe; and cattle grazing at low (Low, n=4), moderate (Moderate, n=4), and high (High, n=4) intensities on burned steppe. Vegetation dynamics were evaluated by repeated measures analysis of canopy cover and density of shrub and herbaceous species and functional groups. Herbaceosus functional groups were an early season bunchgrass (one species, Sandberg bluegrass), tall perennial bunchgrass, perennial forbs, annual grass (one species, cheatgrass) and annual forbs. Tall perennial bunchgrass, Sandberg bluegrass, and perennial forb cover and density did not differ among the treatments but did decrease over time in all treatments. Cover of several tall bunchgrass species were generally less in the High treatment, mainly, Idaho fescue, and Thurber's needlegrass. Cover of cheatgrass and annual forbs varied across years but were greater among the burned grazed and Non-use treatments than the Control. Native plant cover in the burned treatments (grazed and Non-use) represented 77 to 85 % of total herbaceous cover versus the Control where natives comprised 91% of the total. Annual weather variability appears to account for most of the compositional dynamics measured in the various grazed and ungrazed treatments.</p>
Data from: A global meta-analyses of the response of multi-taxa diversity to grazing intensity in grasslands
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Data from: Asymmetric effects of grazing intensity on macroelements and microelements in grassland soil and plants in Inner Mongolia
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Data from: Effects of grazing intensity on plant richness and diversity: a meta-analysis
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