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48 results for “ground temperature”
Consistent ground surface temperature records for the CMA stations over China for 1956–2022 via numerical simulation
<p>The ground surface represents the land-atmosphere interface and plays a crucial role in exchanging energy, matter, and biochemical fluxes. The ground surface temperature (T<sub>s</sub>) is hence widely investigated as an indicator to understand the thermal state of soil in a warming world. However, regular and continuous T<sub>s</sub> measurements are rare worldwide, and the early T<sub>s</sub> records were derived from snow surface measurements and are not comparable with the measurements of the modern automatic systems. In this dataset, we reconstructed the T<sub>s</sub> records of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) for 1956–2022 by numerical simulation.</p>
The role of ground type, moisture and temperature on the vertical growth of lichens: A test of hypotheses with paramo lichens
<p>There is little reliable information about determinants of vertical growth in terricolous lichens, traditionally divided into short "crustose", intermediate "foliose" and tall "fruticose" growth forms, a practice that artificially hides a growth continuum. Substrate, temperature and especially water are thought to affect, but such factors are hard to measure, because, for example, the water actually available to lichens does not match rainfall patterns or even over ground levels. To reliably assess the effect of those factors, I recorded the temperature, moisture and substrate in and under individual lichen colonies in 415 fixed PVC frame quadrats (Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica, 9°33'N; 83°45'W), on April, August, October and December of 2015. The measurements are more reliable because they were taken inside the colonies themselves (rather than on the general environment), because they covered hundreds of cases during a year, and because they are from the relatively simple paramo habitat, where animals or vegetation have less impact on lichens than in lower ecosystems. The hypotheses were that lichens would grow taller on softer, warmer and moister ground, on the moister Caribbean versant and on the moister part of the year. Results matched the hypotheses, with one exception: lichens on soft ground were not taller than those on rock. Caribbean colonies were, on the average, 7 cm taller than those on the drier Pacific versant. Foliose, fruticose and crustose lichens were equally frequent as dominant in the quadrats. Crustose species, together with their bacterial and microinvertebrate communities, with suffer the most with global warming.</p>
The role of ground type, moisture and temperature on the vertical growth of lichens: A test of hypotheses with paramo lichens
<p>There is little reliable information about determinants of vertical growth in terricolous lichens, traditionally divided into short "crustose", intermediate "foliose" and tall "fruticose" growth forms, a practice that artificially hides a growth continuum. Substrate, temperature and especially water are thought to affect, but such factors are hard to measure, because, for example, the water actually available to lichens does not match rainfall patterns or even over ground levels. To reliably assess the effect of those factors, I recorded the temperature, moisture and substrate in and under individual lichen colonies in 415 fixed PVC frame quadrats (Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica, 9°33'N; 83°45'W), on April, August, October and December of 2015. The measurements are more reliable because they were taken inside the colonies themselves (rather than on the general environment), because they covered hundreds of cases during a year, and because they are from the relatively simple paramo habitat, where animals or vegetation have less impact on lichens than in lower ecosystems. The hypotheses were that lichens would grow taller on softer, warmer and moister ground, on the moister Caribbean versant and on the moister part of the year. Results matched the hypotheses, with one exception: lichens on soft ground were not taller than those on rock. Caribbean colonies were, on the average, 7 cm taller than those on the drier Pacific versant. Foliose, fruticose and crustose lichens were equally frequent as dominant in the quadrats. Crustose species, together with their bacterial and microinvertebrate communities, with suffer the most with global warming.</p>
Data from: Predicting ground temperatures across European landscapes
1. Ambient temperatures in natural environments can vary widely over short distances, especially on rugged ground where exposure to solar radiation depends on slope and aspect. Temperatures can also fluctuate rapidly, reaching values not revealed by climate data. Such fine-scale variation raises challenges for modelling species distributions under changing climates. 2. To avoid misunderstanding current species distributions and future changes, temperatures must be modelled at high resolutions. Most existing methods either require extensive parameterisation or are pre-parameterised for restricted localities and current conditions; here we describe a more versatile method intended for European landscapes under a wide range of scenarios. 3. The availability of high-resolution topographic data makes possible the use of projected solar irradiation to help predict local diurnal ground temperatures. Using time series from 83 points across Europe, we fitted statistical models for soil surface temperature based on geographical characteristics of the sites along with atmospheric variables obtained from a publicly-available database. The sites ranged from 40°N to 60°N and 2°W to 25°E, and from 43m to 1500m in elevation. 4. We compare models for monthly mean and daily afternoon temperatures, for open and tree-covered habitats. The effect of topography was greatest for the daily predictions, and generally more important in open than in tree-covered sites. Tests with data collected from other European locations in a different time period suggest that our models can predict monthly means with an error standard deviation of 2.7°C. We provide an R function that implements our models on the basis of readily-available data. 5. Our mean-temperatures model should be useful for understanding organisms' niches, dispersal possibilities and community dynamics, and for predicting species' refugia, range shifts and opportunities for adaptation under projected climate change.
Ground thermal image temperatures (Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius) and atmospheric temperature and pressure
<p>The dataset contains the ground thermal image temperatures measured by the thermal infrared camera network of Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius (Italy) and the temperature and pressure acquired by a local meteo station. The data refer to the period Jun 25, 2016-May 29, 2020.</p>
The warm-season ground surface temperature - surface air temperature over China mainland
<p>This is a dataset for describing warm-season ground surface temperature - surface air temperature over China mainland.</p>
Data from: Reconstruction of the regional summer ground surface temperature in the permafrost region of Northeast China from 1587 to 2008
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Data from: Statistical forecasting of current and future circum-Arctic ground temperatures and active layer thickness
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Data from: Predicting ground temperatures across European landscapes
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Ground and Air Temperatures on Hog Island, VA in grassland, shrub thicket, and transition, 2014-2018
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Distributed ground surface temperature measurements in Terelj, Mongolia
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Estimation of porosity and information of ground temperature monitoring wells
<p>Estimation of porosity and information of ground temperature monitoring wells</p>
Radiant Temperature Ground Data (FIFE)
The Surface Temperatures from UNL Data Set contains surface temperatures collected between July 15 and August 11, 1989 at three FIFE area sites. These surface temperatures were measured with an Everest multiplexed infrared thermometer (IRT) Model 4000 predominantly in the solar principal plane, with nadir and off-nadir, view-zenith angles (mounted on the portable mast with the Barnes Model 12-1000 Modular Multiband Radiometer (MMR)). The purpose of this study was to determine the variability of emitted fluxes as a function of topography, vegetative community and management practice. Spatial and temporal sampling at sites 906 (2133-EVN), 916 (4439-EVN), and 966 (2437-EVN) was achieved. Measurements were typically coordinated with aircraft and/or satellite overpasses.
A daily in-situ dataset of air temperature, ground temperature, and snow depth dataset for Northern Hemisphere
<p><strong>A daily in-situ dataset of air temperature, ground temperature, and snow depth dataset for Northern Hemisphere</strong></p>
GPM GROUND VALIDATION ENVIRONMENT CANADA (EC) PASSIVE MICROWAVE RADIOMETER AND SOIL MOISTURE-TEMPERATURE DATA GCPEX
The GPM Ground Validation Environment Canada (EC) Passive Microwave Radiometer and Soil Moisture-Temperature Data GCPEx dataset is consisted of data during the GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) at the Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments (CARE) site in Ontario, Canada during the winter season 2011-2012. GCPEx addressed shortcomings in the GPM snowfall retrieval algorithm by collecting microphysical properties, associated remote sensing observations, and coordinated model simulations of precipitating snow. Data collected includes microwave brightness temperatures, snow and soil/snow-air interface (ground surface temperatures), soil surface temperatures, and soil volumetric water content. These data were acquired by multiple instruments: a passive microwave radiometer, a water content reflectometer, thermistors, soil moisture probe.
Ground temperatures, Liefdefjord, northwest Svalbard, Version 1
This dataset includes ground temperature data from coarse morainal (till) soil in a tundra area, on a 2-degree slope with rapid drainage, 45 m asl, at an undisturbed site with about 10 percent vegetation cover. A data logger was used with a sampling rate of 60 days; 1-day averaging period of individual measurements.
Ground Temperatures from Deep Boreholes in the Ob River Valley, Russia (VK-1615 and ZS-124/124a), Version 1
This data set contains soil temperature data from three deep boreholes in the Ob River valley in Russia. Boreholes were drilled in 1967 (VK-1615), 1977 (ZS-124), and 1980 (ZS-124a) in discontinuous permafrost of approximately 70 m depth. Borehole VK-1615 was sampled to a depth of 100 m between 1971 and 2002, ZS-124 was sampled monthly to a depth of 13 m between 1978 and 1980, and ZS-124a was sampled monthly to a depth of 33.7 m between 1980 and 2002.
Active layer thickness and ground temperatures, Svea, Svalbard, Version 1
Snow and soil temperature records for January 1988 - May 1996 are presented. Included are snow depth and weight measurements, snow density (calculated), active layer depth in the frost tubes, weight of wet and dried soil samples from unknown depth within the active layer (water content calculated), and soil temperature at the surface (0.05 cm) and to the depths of 3 to 4 meters at 3 sites. The sites are 1) on a road covered by 1 m of gravel underlain by clay; 2) outside a building on piles, (sensors are placed 1 to 2 m from the building wall); and 3) under the building between piles. In addition, air temperature was measured inside the building or between the piles (documentation is not clear on this point.) There are several gaps in temperature measurements (January 1991 to May 1992). These data are presented on the CAPS CD-ROM version 1.0, June 1998.Air temperature, wind direction, and temperature were measured at 5, 20, 50, 100, 150, and 200 cm below the tundra surface at an undisturbed site; and at 5, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200 cm, and 3 m and 8 m below the concrete surface of a building. Incoming radiation, outgoing radiation, temperature of the heat flux instrument, global radiation, heat flux, wind speed, wind speed maximum, average wind speed, and temperature inside the building were measured since 1993 with data loggers. All data are recorded for July 1987 - February 1996.
Ground temperatures in ice-cemented ground at Linnaeus Terrace, Dry Valleys, Antarctica, Version 1
Soil temperatures were measured with Campbell 107 soil thermistors. Thermistors were placed at 0, 17, 23 (just above the ice-cemented permafrost) and 40 cm depth. To emplace the sensors, first a soil pit was dug to the level of ice-cemented permafrost. Then a hammer drill was used to make a narrow, 15 cm deep hole into the ice-cemented ground. The thermistor was placed into the drill hole. This procedure caused minimal disturbance to the ice-cemented ground. Air temperature and humidity were measured with a Campbell 207 air probe. The temperature on the surface of an outcrop of Beacon sandstone was measured with a T-type thermocouple. Sunlight was measured with a LiCor 200 pyranometer. The sensors were deployed during Jan 1993 but (due to equipment failure) data storage began only on 6 Jan 1994 and was continued until 16 Jan 1995. All temperature sensors were removed after the data collection interval and calibrated in the laboratory. Calibrations were applied using the Steinhart and Hart (1968) representations for the temperature dependence of the thermistor resistance. This was necessary since the instrumental calibration for the 107 thermistor provided by Campbell did not extend below -40C. After correction, the error in the temperature measurement is estimated to be less than 0.2 C and error in the humidity measurement was Campbell 207 RH sensor has high errors for relative humidity values below 15% --- tending to systematically overestimate values by more than 10% humidity. The error in the averaged light measurement is less than 10 W/m2. All sensors were sampled once every 10 minutes and averages of three measurements were written to final memory every 30 minutes corresponding to 48 recordings each day. Data are stored in columns of ASCII data; entries are 1. Digital day of year in 1994 2. Air temperature 3. Air relative humidity 4. Sunlight, W/m2 5. Soil surface temperature 4. Sunlight, W/m2 5. Soil surface temperature 6. Temperature at 17 cm depth 7. Temperature at 23 cm depth 8. Temperature at 40 cm depth 9. Temperature on surface of rock Data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.
THEMIS-C (P2/ARTEMIS-P2) Electron and Ion Moments (GMOM) Ground-Calculated Particle Energy Fluxes and Moments: Density, Velocity, Pressure and Temperature
THEMIS-C Electrostatic Analyzer (ESA) and Solid State Telescope (SST) Ground-Calculated Particle Energy Fluxes and Moments: Density, Velocity, Pressure, and Temperature. Generated from ESA and SST Combined Distributions. Data include Electron/Ion Ground-Calculated Fluxes and Spectrograms for Ions from 5 eV to 4 MeV and Electrons from 6 eV to 700 keV.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.