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107 results for “group living”
Data from: Status-dependent metabolic effects of social interactions in a group-living fish
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Vocal communication is seasonal in social groups of wild, free-living house mice
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Economies of scale shape energetics of solitary and group living spiders and their webs
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Investigating the role of non-helpers in group living thrips
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Data from: Costs and benefits of group living in primates: an energetic perspective
Group size is a fundamental component of sociality, and has important consequences for an individual's fitness as well as the collective and cooperative behaviours of the group as a whole. This review focuses on how the costs and benefits of group living vary in female primates as a function of group size, with a particular emphasis on how competition within and between groups affects an individual's energetic balance. Because the repercussions of chronic energetic stress can lower an animal's fitness, identifying the predictors of energetic stress has important implications for understanding variation in survivorship and reproductive success within and between populations. Notably, we extend previous literature on this topic by discussing three physiological measures of energetic balance—glucocorticoids, c-peptides and thyroid hormones. Because these hormones can provide clear signals of metabolic states and processes, they present an important complement to field studies of spatial and temporal changes in food availability. We anticipate that their further application will play a crucial role in elucidating the adaptive significance of group size in different social and ecological contexts.
Figure 3. Living type males, Maratus candens. 6 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 3. Living type males, Maratus candens. 6, Dorsal view of opisthosoma. 12, 14-15, Males engaged in courtship display. As in other Maratus, inflation and extension of a very flexible pedicel allows the opisthosoma to be rotated forward and then elevated in a vertical position (15).
Figures 13-15. Live Phidippus pacosauritus, ventral view. Figure 13. Male. Figures 14-15 in Description of Phidippus pacosauritus sp. nov. (Salticidae: Salticinae: Dendryphantini: Dendryphantina), with a reanalysis of related species in the mystaceus group
Figures 13-15. Live Phidippus pacosauritus, ventral view. Figure 13. Male. Figures 14-15. Female variations. Photo credits: David Hill.
Living in mixed-sex groups limits sexual selection in coloration and pelage appendages in bovids
<p>Among mammals, bovids provide some of the most striking examples of sexual dimorphism in colouration and pelage appendages, such as beards and manes. This dimorphism is usually assumed to have evolved through sexual selection on males in the context of intra- or intersexual communication. However, the sexes look similar in several bovid species thought to be characterized by large opportunities for sexual selection, hinting at fitness costs of dimorphic traits due to other selection pressures. This study applies the comparative method with phylogenetic control to identify the factors promoting and constraining the evolution of dimorphism in colouration and pelage appendages across bovids. We found that trait dimorphism correlated positively with large breeding group size, an indicator of the intensity of sexual selection, and negatively with male territoriality, which is also likely to affect the operation of sexual selection. The relative rarity of colour and pelage dimorphism in species with territorial mating systems may be explained by weaker sexual selection due to difficulty in monopolizing females and/or sexual selection targeting other traits, such as territorial quality as an extended phenotype. We also found that colour and pelage dimorphism were reduced in species spending more time in mixed-sex groups outside the breeding season, possibly due to increased predation costs from non-uniformity This suggests that benefits from integration into mixed-sex groups select against the extravagant male morphologies otherwise promoted by sexual selection.</p>
Data from: Extreme mitochondrial reduction in a novel group of free-living metamonads
<p>Metamonads are a diverse group of heterotrophic microbial eukaryotes adapted to living in hypoxic environments. All metamonads but one harbour metabolically altered 'mitochondrion-related organelles' (MROs) with reduced functions, however the degree of reduction varies. Here, we generate high-quality draft genomes, transcriptomes, and predicted proteomes for five recently discovered free-living metamonads. Phylogenomic analyses placed these organisms in a group we name the 'BaSk' (Barthelonids+Skoliomonads) clade, a deeply branching sister group to the Fornicata, a phylum that includes parasitic and free-living flagellates. Bioinformatic analyses of gene models shows that these organisms are predicted to have extremely reduced MRO proteomes in comparison to other free-living metamonads. Loss of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly system in some organisms in this group appears to be linked to the acquisition in their common ancestral lineage of a SUF-like minimal system Fe/S cluster pathway through lateral gene transfer. One of the isolates, <em>Skoliomonas litria</em>, appears to have lost all other known MRO pathways. No proteins were confidently assigned to the predicted MRO proteome of this organism suggesting that the organelle has been lost. The extreme mitochondrial reduction observed within this free-living anaerobic protistan clade demonstrates that mitochondrial functions may be completely lost even in free-living organisms.</p>
Youth Power Action Feasibility Study of Online Support Group Intervention Among Adolescents Living With HIV in Nigeria
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03076996. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Study of a Group B Streptococcus Vaccine in Pregnant Women Living With HIV and in Pregnant Women Who do Not Have HIV
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04596878. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Moving Together: An Online Group Movement Program for People Living With Memory Loss and Caregivers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04621448. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Data from: Extreme mitochondrial reduction in a novel group of free-living metamonads
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Data from: Simulated poaching affects global connectivity and efficiency in social networks of African savanna elephants—An exemplar of how human disturbance impacts group-living species
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Social and spatial conflict drive resident aggression towards outsiders in a group-living fish
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Data from: Group living and male dispersal predict the core gut microbiome in wild baboons
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Data from: Costs and benefits of group living in primates: an energetic perspective
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Living in mixed-sex groups limits sexual selection in coloration and pelage appendages in bovids
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Good habitat and group living mitigate nest failure from predation and flooding in a riparian bird
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Experimentally measured group direct benefits according to worker density explain group living of the termite Reticulitermes chinensis
<p>The evolution of cooperation requires more benefits of group living than solitary lifestyle. However, to some degree, our understanding about the benefits is hindered by abstract debates over theoretical and experimental evidences of individual selection or group selection because it is difficult to examine the actual benefits at the group level. Moreover, group density is a crucial ecological factor which deeply affects group reproduction and survival, few studies have been performed in social insects. Here, we study the effects of worker density on group direct benefits in the termite species <i>Reticulitermes chinensis</i>. The termite <i>R.</i> <i>chinensis</i><i> </i>is<i> </i>an ideal model which lives with a high worker density in wood. We used the quantity of eggs and the total biomass (biomass of all group members) accumulation as two components of group benefits. We investigated the group benefits in the context of worker density according to eleven worker densities. And we measured the group benefits and the resource consumption with the same group members in two types of artificial nest areas. Moreover, we counted the stomodeal trophallaxis occurrences from any workers to queens under three worker densities to explore the degree of cooperation according to worker density. We found that both the number of eggs and the total biomass accumulation significantly increased with increasing worker density in groups. Furthermore, the consumption of resources was similar between groups with the same number of individuals gathered in small or large nest areas, but the production of eggs and the biomass accumulation were higher in groups of small nest areas than in large nest areas. Additionally, we found the stomodeal trophallaxis behavior significantly increased in higher worker density groups. Our results suggest that the group benefits influenced by the high worker density may at least partially explain the group living of eusocial insects in ecology.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.