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May 2014 in A New Subgenus of Bembidion Latreille from México and Guatemala, with Descriptions of Two New Species (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

May 2014, John Sproul and I searched at multiple known localities for this species, including at Hastings Natural History Reserve, Pinnacles National Park, around Santa Barbara, and at many other localities in between. We searched in typical Liocosmius microhabitats (including steep sand banks in partial shade), with no success. Along Finch Creek in Hastings Natural History Reserve, the only Bembidion in those microhabitats was B. iridescens LeConte; in nearby micro- habitats along the creek shore were three species of Bembidion: B. californicum Hay- ward, B. perspicuum LeConte, and B. lugubre LeConte. FIGURE 9. Map of California showing the geographic distribution of Bembidion cachagua.

FIGURE 7 in A New Subgenus of Bembidion Latreille from México and Guatemala, with Descriptions of Two New Species (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

FIGURE 7. Holotype of Bembidion cachagua. (A) Habitus, scale bar 1 mm. (B) Forebody, scale bar 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A New Subgenus of Bembidion Latreille from México and Guatemala, with Descriptions of Two New Species (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic results, focusing on subgenera Geocosmius, Liocosmius, and Trechonepha. (A) A portion of the maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated, eight-gene matrix. Numbers of the branches are maximum likelihood bootstrap percentages; bootstrap values within most of Liocosmius not shown. Other bembidiines omitted from the image. Scale bar 0.1 units, as calculated by IQ-TREE. (B) Support for various clades, measured with bootstrap support percentages from maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses. One or two values are given in each cell. If the bootstrap support percentage is 90 or more, only that value is listed. If bootstrap support is less than 90, two values are listed: the bootstrap support for the clade, followed by a negative value which is the bootstrap support against the clade, as measured by the bootstrap value for the contradictory clade with the highest support value. The "8g" column shows the support values for the concatenated, eight-gene matrix. "-" indicates only one species is included, and thus support for that clade cannot be measured.

FIGURE 1 in A New Subgenus of Bembidion Latreille from México and Guatemala, with Descriptions of Two New Species (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

FIGURE 1. Habitus of Geocosmius species. (A) Bembidion "Chiapas", brachypterous form, voucher V101274. (B) B. "Chiapas", fully winged form, voucher V101273. (C) B. elescarabajo, paratype, voucher V101491. (D) B. franiae, specimen UASM371160. Note: B. nahuala (not shown) is extremely similar externally to B. "Chiapas". Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A New Subgenus of Bembidion Latreille from México and Guatemala, with Descriptions of Two New Species (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

FIGURE 5. Aedeagi of Geocosmius. (A) Bembidion "Chiapas", voucher DNA5317. (B) B. "Chiapas", voucher DNA4882. Arrow indicates the prominent ridge characteristic of this species. (C) B. elescarabajo, voucher V101490. Arrow indicates the less curved sclerite margin characteristic of this species. (D) B. elescarabajo, voucher V101489. (E) B. nahuala voucher DNA5033. (F) B. nahuala voucher DNA5034. (G) B. nahuala, holotype. (H) B. franiae, voucher DNA4623. Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURE 3 in A New Subgenus of Bembidion Latreille from México and Guatemala, with Descriptions of Two New Species (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

FIGURE 3. Overview of maximum likelihood bootstrap tree of Bembidiini based upon the concatenated, eight-gene matrix, showing position of the subgenera Geocosmius, Liocosmius, and Trechonepha. Taxon names in paler gray are genera of Bembidiini other than Bembidion; all other taxa are subgenera, subgeneric complexes, or subgeneric series of Bembidion. Triangles (clades) have their area approximately proportional to the number of species included in the analysis. Details within each clade are presented in the files submitted to Data Dryad (see Data availability section). Values below branches are the bootstrap support for that clade, expressed as a percentage.

Figure 5 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala

Figure 5. Sonograms of songs of four male Savannah Sparrows Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala: (a) 5 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333471), including waveform, (b) 5 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333471), (c) 3 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333472), (d) 3 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333473). DW = descendent whistle. See Table 1 for signal measurements of marked notes.

Figure 4 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala

Figure 4. (1) Approximate breeding range of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis in Mexico (sensu Howell & Webb 1995); (2) summer records in the Sierra Los Cuchumatanes, Guatemala, including recent nesting and other summer records (June–July 2016), and historic summer records (June 1897, van Rossem 1938); and (3) summer record from Sierra Madre range in June 2002 (J. Berry in Eisermann & Avendaño 2007). Chis. = Chiapas, Mexico, GT = Guatemala, HN = Honduras, SV = El Salvador. Inset map shows location of summer records of Savannah Sparrow in the Sierra Los Cuchumatanes (SLC) and Sierra Madre (SM) ranges in Guatemala.

Figure 3 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala

Figure 3. Nesting evidence of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala: (a) nest with a single nestling, 2 July 2016 (a second nestling was found dead 20 cm from the nest); (b) recently fledged juvenile, barely able to fly, 3 July 2016, (c–d) two fledglings well able to fly, tail c.40% grown, 3 July 2016; (e) dependent juvenile with tail c.80% grown, 3 July 2016; and (f) immature, 27 August 2016 (Knut Eisermann)

Figure 2 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala

Figure 2. Different adult Savannah Sparrows Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei of a breeding population in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala: (a) lateral; (b) dorsal, 5 June 2016; and (c) frontal view showing the neatly marked median crown-stripe, 2 July 2016 (Knut Eisermann)

Figure 1 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala

Figure 1. Habitat of a breeding population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei at 3,700 m in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala, 5 June 2016; the undulating landscape, shaped by glaciers during the late Quaternary, is currently covered with grassland dominated by Muhlenbergia quadridentata (Poaceae) (Knut Eisermann)

FIGURE 8 in A New Subgenus of Bembidion Latreille from México and Guatemala, with Descriptions of Two New Species (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

FIGURE 8. Aedeagus of holotype of Bembidion cachagua. (A) Left lateral view. (B) Right lateral view. Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURE 6 in A New Subgenus of Bembidion Latreille from México and Guatemala, with Descriptions of Two New Species (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

FIGURE 6. Microsculpture of Geocosmius. (A) Bembidion franiae, voucher DNA4623, (B) B. elescarabajo, voucher V101491. Scale bar 100 µm.

Fig. 4 in New species of Eugerres from the Usumacinta Province, México and Guatemala with a redescription of E. mexicanus (Steindachner, 1863) (Teleostei: Gerreidae)

Fig. 4. Distribution of freshwater species of Eugerres in drainages along southeastern Mexico and northern Guatemala: E. castroaguirrei new species (black dots) and E. mexicanus (white dots), type locality (star).

Fig. 1 in New species of Eugerres from the Usumacinta Province, México and Guatemala with a redescription of E. mexicanus (Steindachner, 1863) (Teleostei: Gerreidae)

Fig. 1. Body measurements of external morphology used in morphometrics and principal component analysis: anal fin length (AFL); base of dorsal fin length (DFL); body depth (BD); caudal peduncle height (CPH); caudal peduncle length (CPL); head height (HH); head length (HL); maxillary length (ML); orbit diameter (OD); pectoral fin length (PFL); postorbital length (POL); predorsal length (PDL); standard length (SL); second anal spine length (2ASL); second dorsal spine length (2DSL); snout length (SNL); ventral fin length (VFL). Measurements based on González-Acosta (2005). Drawing modified from Bussing (1995). Not included in the illustration: inter-orbital length, third anal spine length, third dorsal spine length and distance between the tips of the second dorsal and second anal spines (SL).

Fig. 6 in New species of Eugerres from the Usumacinta Province, México and Guatemala with a redescription of E. mexicanus (Steindachner, 1863) (Teleostei: Gerreidae)

Fig. 6. Premaxillary bone, dorsal view, in (a) Eugerres castroaguirrei ECOSC 5511-1, and (b) E. mexicanus UABC 2666. ap = ascending process, arp = articular process, cp = caudal process, sp = symphysial process. Pharyngeal plates in (c) E. castroaguirrei and (d) E. mexicanus: dorsal view (d.v.) and lateral view (l.v.). pt = pharyngeal dentition.

Fig. 7 in New species of Eugerres from the Usumacinta Province, México and Guatemala with a redescription of E. mexicanus (Steindachner, 1863) (Teleostei: Gerreidae)

Fig. 7. Dorsal fin supports of (a) E. castroaguirrei ECOSC 5511-1, and (b) E. mexicanus UABC 2666. fds = first dorsal spine, sds = second dorsal spine, pr = proximal radial; anal fin supports of (c) E. castroaguirrei and (d) E. mexicanus. fas = first anal spine, sas = second anal spine, pr = proximal radial. Both structures from left side.

Fig. 3. a in New species of Eugerres from the Usumacinta Province, México and Guatemala with a redescription of E. mexicanus (Steindachner, 1863) (Teleostei: Gerreidae)

Fig. 3. a) Eugerres castroaguirrei new species, ECOSC 775, holotype, 184.3 mm SL. México, Chiapas, río Lacantún, Selva Lacandona, Marqués de Comillas, Reforma Agraria and Galaxia; b) Eugerres mexicanus, NMW 72289, lectotype, 165.6 mm SL. México, Tabasco, Flus (río) Teapa.

Fig. 5 in New species of Eugerres from the Usumacinta Province, México and Guatemala with a redescription of E. mexicanus (Steindachner, 1863) (Teleostei: Gerreidae)

Fig. 5. Lateral view of neurocranium of (a) E. castroaguirrei, ECOSC 5511-1, and (b) E. mexicanus UABC 2666. epo = epioccipital, fp = foramen postemporal, pat = parietal, ps = pterosphenoid, sop = supraoccipital process. Lateral view of infraorbital 1 in (c) E. castroaguirrei and (d) E. mexicanus. dap = dorsal apophysis, am = anterior margin, cp = caudal process, for = foramen, vm = ventral margin. Both structures from left side.

Fig. 2. a in New species of Eugerres from the Usumacinta Province, México and Guatemala with a redescription of E. mexicanus (Steindachner, 1863) (Teleostei: Gerreidae)

Fig. 2. a) Graphical index for discrimination of Eugerres castroaguirrei (squares, n = 42) and E. mexicanus (triangles, n = 122), provide by the biplot of second anal-fin spine length against anal-fin base. b) Plot of principal components (PC) scores for E. castroaguirrei (EC) and E. mexicanus (EM) from the southeastern of Mexico and northern Guatemala.