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40 results for “habitat partitioning”
Data from: Spatial segregation and habitat partitioning of bobcat and Canada lynx
<p>Harvest records suggest that the abundance of bobcats (<i>Lynx rufus</i>) has increased and the leading edge of their distribution has spread northward, while the trailing edge of the Canada lynx (<i>Lynx canadensis</i>) range has contracted in Ontario, Canada. There has been a debate about whether these closely related felids might compete in areas of sympatry, but there is little research on sympatric populations of bobcat and lynx. Both species are found on the north shore of Lake Huron in Ontario, Canada, which provided an opportunity to investigate their spatial patterns and habitat use. We surveyed snowmobile routes for snow tracks over 3 winters and estimated probability of occupancy for the two felid species while accounting for detectability. Bobcat and lynx tracks were never found on the same survey route. Bobcat occupancy increased with habitat heterogeneity whereas lynx occupancy increased with homogeneity. Our results fit with the common assumption of the generalist and specialist natures of bobcat and lynx, respectively. Our findings suggest that bobcats invaded former lynx territory after these areas became vacant. The story of the bobcat and the lynx is one of the loss of a unique, boreal specialist due to anthropogenic change, and eventual replacement by an adaptable generalist.</p>
Data from: Partitioning the effects of spatial isolation, nest habitat, and individual diet in causing assortative mating within a population of threespine stickleback
Assortative mating is measured as a phenotypic or genotypic correlation between mates. Although biologists typically view assortative mating in terms of mate preference for similar partners, correlations between mates can also arise from phenotypic spatial structure arising from spatial isolation or habitat preferences. Here, we test whether diet-assortative mating within an ecologically variable population of threespine stickleback results from small-scale geographic isolation or microhabitat preference. We find evidence for assortative mating in the form of a positive correlation between mated pairs' diets (measured using stable isotopes). Stable isotopes reveal diet differences between different nesting areas and among individuals using different nest habitat within a nesting area. This spatial segregation of diet types should generate some assortative mating, but is insufficient to explain the observed assortment strength. Significant male-female isotope correlations remain after controlling for spatial variables. We therefore conclude that sticklebacks' diet-assortative mating arises from additional behavioral preference. More generally, our results illustrate the point that spatial segregation can only drive appreciable levels of phenotypic assortative mating when environment-phenotype correlations are parallel and strong in both sexes. Consequently, intraspecific assortative mating may typically entail mating preferences rather than just spatial co-segregation of phenotypes.
Data from: Habitat partitioning during character displacement between the sexes
Ecological differences between the sexes are often interpreted as evidence of within-species ecological character displacement (ECD), a hypothesis with almost no direct tests. Here we experimentally-test two predictions, that are direct corollaries of ECD between the sexes, in a salamander. First, we find support for the prediction that each sex has a growth rate advantage in the aquatic microhabitat where it is most commonly found. Second, we test the prediction that selection for ECD in the breeding environment may affect partial migration out of this environment. We found that phenotype-dependent migration resulted in a shift in the phenotypic distribution across treatments, with the highest sexual dimorphism occurring among residents at high founding density, suggesting migration and ECD can both be driven by competition. Our work illustrates how complex patterns of habitat partitioning evolve during ECD between the sexes and suggest ECD and partial migration can interact to effect both ecological dynamics and evolution of sexual dimorphism.
Data from: Fine partitioning of epiphyte habitat within Johansson zones in tropical Australian rainforest trees
For over three decades, the Johansson zones have been widely used in epiphyte studies as a way of stratifying the host tree into habitat zones, however, the usefulness of this system has been questioned. We test the effectiveness of the Johansson zones by grouping epiphyte species by the substrate and microclimatic attributes of their individual occurrences and assessing the fidelity of these groups to the Johansson zones. Habitat characteristics were recorded for every individual epiphyte on 30 trees in the lower montane rainforests of north-eastern Australia. Twenty-four epiphyte species were agglomerated into four groups using Ward's method. Group 4 was highly distinct and included shade loving species and nomadic vines from the lower zones of the host trees. Group 3 contained species from the most exposed habitats. Group 1 had higher light levels and lower substrate thickness than Group 2, yet both groups had close to identical distributions over the Johansson zones. This suggests that groups of epiphyte species may utilise different micro-sites within the same zone. While the Johansson zones are a useful tool in epiphyte studies, finer partitioning of habitat within the host tree may be missed.
Supplementary material 2 from: Grabowska J, Płóciennik M, Grabowski M (2024) Detailed analysis of prey taxonomic composition indicates feeding habitat partitioning amongst co-occurring invasive gobies and native European perch. NeoBiota 92: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.92.116033
Relative abundance of prey categories (%N) (number of given prey category in relation to total number of prey) identified in fish guts at sites Z, R, B in the Western Bug River in August 2007
Supplementary material 1 from: Grabowska J, Płóciennik M, Grabowski M (2024) Detailed analysis of prey taxonomic composition indicates feeding habitat partitioning amongst co-occurring invasive gobies and native European perch. NeoBiota 92: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.92.116033
Relative abundance of species (%N) in fish assemblages found at sites Z, R, B in the Western Bug River in August 2007 (Penczak et al. 2010)
Habitat alteration facilitates the dominance of invasive species through disrupting niche partitioning in floodplain wetlands
<p>Aim: Exotic species invasion often leads to declines in local and regional biodiversity, particularly in freshwater ecosystems. This biodiversity loss is generally facilitated by human activities such as land cover change and hydrological alternation. Recent advances in stable isotope analysis (SIA) have been highlighted in many studies addressing fundamental issues in invasion ecology, especially in quantifying competition for resources between native and exotic species. However, how anthropogenic disturbance influences trophic relationships among invasive and native species remains poorly understood.</p> <p>Location: Middle-lower Yangtze River region, China</p> <p>Methods: To investigate the effects of human disturbance on interspecific trophic interactions, this study compared isotopic niche space and overlap of the introduced red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and the native oriental river shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) and freshwater snail (Bellamya aeruginosa) in natural and modified wetlands.</p> <p>Results: Based on carbon and nitrogen SIA, we found ubiquitous niche shifts in macroinvertebrates with increased competition, which might lead to significant niche contraction in modified habitats at both community and population scales. Moreover, the isotopic niche width of the exotic crayfish was twice as larger as that of natives at both habitats, suggesting that the exotic P. clarkii had great competitive superiority over the native species. However, the effects of habitat modification on niche overlap were inconsistent. While the niche overlap between crayfish and shrimp was significantly higher in modified habitats than in natural open waters, niche overlap between crayfish and the snail was significantly reduced.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Collectively, our findings highlight that the competitive outcomes of interspecific trophic interactions can be dependent on the prey availability and diversity, which embraces both the classic optimal foraging theory and competition theory to understand how environmental change, such as habitat alternation, affects the biological invasion processes.</p>
FIG. 1 in Habitat Usage, Dietary Niche Overlap, and Potential Partitioning between the Endangered Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) and Other Turtle Species
FIG. 1. The path analysis shows the relationship between habitat parameters associated with PC1 (which was strongly positively loaded with salinity, depth, dissolved O2, canopy cover, and pH) and three turtle species: Chrysemys picta, Kinosternon subrubrum, and Clemmys guttata on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The solid and dashed lines represent direct and indirect effects, respectively, and black lines indicate positive effects while gray lines indicate negative effects. The numbers associated with each line represent the direction and magnitude of each effect, with the strength of the interaction increasing as the values approach 1.
FIG. 2 in Habitat Usage, Dietary Niche Overlap, and Potential Partitioning between the Endangered Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) and Other Turtle Species
FIG. 2. Biplots of d15N and d13C for four turtle species at all sites with ellipses around each species (filled squares/solid black line ¼ Kinosternon subrubrum, filled triangles/solid gray line ¼ Chrysemys picta, open circles/gray dashed line¼ Chelydra serpentina, filled diamonds/ lack dashed line ¼ Clemmys guttata). There is a large overlap in isotopic compositions for all species, resulting in no significant differences in isotopic niche space between species (see text).
FIG. 3 in Habitat Usage, Dietary Niche Overlap, and Potential Partitioning between the Endangered Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) and Other Turtle Species
FIG. 3. Bivariate SIBER (Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R) plots of ellipses estimating isotopic niche based on the d13C and d15N compositions with all species, excluding C. serpentina. The black circles represent the mode, while the three ellipses from the center outwards show where 50%, 75%, and 95% of the data lie, respectively. The numbers indicate the site numbers, while the letter codes indicate species names (MUDT ¼ Kinosternon subrubrum, PATU ¼ Chrysemys picta, SPTU ¼ Clemmys guttata). Together, these bivariate data of the isotopic compositions create ellipses which represent the relative sizes of the isotopic niche of each turtle species at all of our sites on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Despite the lack of any significant differences in isotopic niche, these ellipses allow us to see some degree of niche overlap among C. guttata at all sites.
Data from: Habitat partitioning during character displacement between the sexes
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Data from: Partitioning the effects of spatial isolation, nest habitat, and individual diet in causing assortative mating within a population of threespine stickleback
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Data from: Spatial segregation and habitat partitioning of bobcat and Canada lynx
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Data from: Fine partitioning of epiphyte habitat within Johansson zones in tropical Australian rainforest trees
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Habitat alteration facilitates the dominance of invasive species through disrupting niche partitioning in floodplain wetlands
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Data from: Habitat partitioning and morphological differentiation: the Southeast Asian Draco lizards and Caribbean Anolis lizards compared
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Figure 2 in Spatial structuring of zooplankton communities through partitioning of habitat and resources in the Bay of Bengal during spring intermonsoon
Figure 2. Vertical distribution of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll a concentrations in the central and western Bay of Bengal during spring intermonsoon season.
Figure 15 in Spatial structuring of zooplankton communities through partitioning of habitat and resources in the Bay of Bengal during spring intermonsoon
Figure 15. Microphotographs of copepods Pleuromamma indica (A), P. xiphias (B), Gaetanus kruppii (C), and Gaussia princeps (D) from the 200–300 m stratum (oxygen minimum zone) between CB3 and CB5. The scale bar is in millimeters.
Figure 7 in Spatial structuring of zooplankton communities through partitioning of habitat and resources in the Bay of Bengal during spring intermonsoon
Figure 7. Distribution of dominant (>1%) zooplankton taxonomic groups in different depth strata in the central (a) and western (b) Bay of Bengal during spring intermonsoon. The percentages at every depth are averages from 5 stations in the central and 4 stations in the western bay.
Data from: Does ecological specialization transcend scale? Habitat partitioning among individuals and species of Anolis lizards
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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