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Data from: Landscape diversity and local temperature, but not climate, affect arthropod predation among habitat types
<p>Arthropod predators are relevant for top-down regulation of insect herbivores. Biotic and abiotic factors influence predator communities and their activity with consequences for the strength of top-down regulation ('arthropod predation'). Anthropogenic climate and land-use change urges a deeper understanding of the combined effects of potential drivers on arthropod predation. This study obtained arthropod predation rates on 113 plots of open herbaceous vegetation adjacent to different habitat types (forest, grassland, arable field, settlement) along climate and land-use gradients in Bavaria, Germany, using a standardized method of artificial caterpillars at ground level. Predation rates were analysed with regard to habitat characteristics (habitat type, plant species richness, local mean temperature and mean relative humidity during artificial caterpillar exposure), landscape diversity (0.5–3.0-km, six scales), climate (multi-annual mean temperature, 'MAT') and interactive effects of habitat type with other drivers. Arthropod predation rates did not substantially differ between the studied habitat types, related to plant species richness and across the Bavarian-wide climatic temperature gradient, and also no interactive effects were observed. However, arthropod predation rates were limited by low local mean temperatures, tended to decrease towards higher relative humidity and increased towards more diverse landscapes at a 2-km scale. Thus, high arthropod predation rates in open herbaceous vegetation are favoured by diverse landscapes independent of the dominant habitat in the vicinity. Diversifying landscapes may help to improve top-down control of herbivores, e.g. agricultural pests, but more research is needed to derive specific recommendations on landscape management. Little influence of MAT on predation rates suggests that moderate increases of MAT may not strongly alter this process in the near future.</p>
Figs 2–4 in Occurrence And Abundance Of Invasive And Native Arion Slugs In Three Types Of Habitats In Urban Area Of Wrocław (Sw Poland)
Figs 2–4. Sampled habitat types: 2 = natural habitat in forest Las Pilczycki (locality no 2); 3 = semi-natural habitat with watercourse, the Dolna Oława in Park Wschodni (locality no
Fig. 1 in Occurrence And Abundance Of Invasive And Native Arion Slugs In Three Types Of Habitats In Urban Area Of Wrocław (Sw Poland)
Fig. 1. Location of sampling sites in Wrocław (see Table 1) and map of administrative division of Poland. Symbols indicate the type of habitat. Colours indicate species and hybrids
FIGURE 1. Odontonema aliciae. A. Habit showing distal leaves with subauriculate bases and inflorescence. B. Habit and habitat. C. Capsule. D. Seed. A, B from the type A in Odontonema aliciae, a New Heterostylous Species of Acanthaceae from Panama
FIGURE 1. Odontonema aliciae. A. Habit showing distal leaves with subauriculate bases and inflorescence. B. Habit and habitat. C. Capsule. D. Seed. A, B from the type A. Ibáñez et al. 6928, photos by A. Ibáñez, used with permission; C, D from Nee & Andres 46341.
Рис. 1. ЭкоΛого-географическая характеристика зоопΛанктона гиΔротермаΛьной зоны оз. Кенон в июΛе 2019 г.: А — зоогеография, Б — местообитание, В — способ переΔвижения, Г — способ питания Fig. 1. Ecological and geographic characteristics of zooplankton in the hydrothermal zone of Lake Kenon in July 2019: А — zoogeography, Б — habitat, В — type of locomotion, Г — type of feeding in Zooplankton Structure And Distribution In The Hydrothermal Zone Of Cooling Reservoirs (Trans-Baikal Territory)
Рис. 1. ЭкоΛого-географическая характеристика зоопΛанктона гиΔротермаΛьной зоны оз. Кенон в июΛе 2019 г.: А — зоогеография, Б — местообитание, В — способ переΔвижения, Г — способ питания Fig. 1. Ecological and geographic characteristics of zooplankton in the hydrothermal zone of Lake Kenon in July 2019: А — zoogeography, Б — habitat, В — type of locomotion, Г — type of feeding
Рис. 1. Географическое поΛожение Норского заповеΑника (А) и картосхема распоΛожения на его территории (Б) учетных пΛощаΑок с фитоценозами (L_1–L_7) на Αвух мониторинговых станциях (I–II). I — МаΛьцевская: L_1 — березняк с участием осины и Λиственницы рябинниковый вейниково-разнотравный; L_2 — осиново-беΛоберезовый рябинниковый вейниково-разнотравный Λес; L_3 — Λиственничник с участием березы пΛоскоΛистной осоково-вейниковый с разнотравьем; L_4 — беΛоберезово-Λиственничный с примесью осины роΑоΑенΑроновый бруснично-осоковый Λес; L_5 — закустаренный, преимущественно тавоΛгой ивоΛистной, разнотравно-вейниковый Λуг. II — Антоновская: L_6 — Λиственничник роΑоΑенΑроново-брусничный; L_7 — Λиственнично-беΛоберезовый с примесью пихты и еΛи закустаренный разнотравно-вейниковый Λес (коΑ типа местообитания соответствуют таковому в табΛ. 1 и 3 и на рис. 2) Fig. 1. Geographical location of the Norsky Nature Reserve (A) and the map (B) of registration sites with phytocenoses (L_1–L_7) at two monitoring stations (I–II). I — Maltsevskaya: L_1 — birch forest with aspen and larch, fieldfare reed-forb; L_2 — aspen-white-birch, fieldfare reed-forb forest; L_3 — larch forest with flat-leaved sedge-reed birch with forbs; L_4 — white-birch-larch with an admixture of aspen rhododendron lingonberry-sedge forest; L_5 — bushy, mostly meadowsweet, forb-reed grass meadow. II — Antonovskaya: L_6 — rhododendron-cowberry larch forest; L_7 — larch-white-birch with fir and spruce, shrubby forb-reed grass forest (the code of the habitat type corresponds to that in Tables 1 and 3 and in Fig. 2) in Structure and dynamics of the taxocenes of shrews in different habitats of the Norsky nature reserve
Рис. 1. Географическое поΛожение Норского заповеΑника (А) и картосхема распоΛожения на его территории (Б) учетных пΛощаΑок с фитоценозами (L_1–L_7) на Αвух мониторинговых станциях (I–II). I — МаΛьцевская: L_1 — березняк с участием осины и Λиственницы рябинниковый вейниково-разнотравный; L_2 — осиново-беΛоберезовый рябинниковый вейниково-разнотравный Λес; L_3 — Λиственничник с участием березы пΛоскоΛистной осоково-вейниковый с разнотравьем; L_4 — беΛоберезово-Λиственничный с примесью осины роΑоΑенΑроновый бруснично-осоковый Λес; L_5 — закустаренный, преимущественно тавоΛгой ивоΛистной, разнотравно-вейниковый Λуг. II — Антоновская: L_6 — Λиственничник роΑоΑенΑроново-брусничный; L_7 — Λиственнично-беΛоберезовый с примесью пихты и еΛи закустаренный разнотравно-вейниковый Λес (коΑ типа местообитания соответствуют таковому в табΛ. 1 и 3 и на рис. 2) Fig. 1. Geographical location of the Norsky Nature Reserve (A) and the map (B) of registration sites with phytocenoses (L_1–L_7) at two monitoring stations (I–II). I — Maltsevskaya: L_1 — birch forest with aspen and larch, fieldfare reed-forb; L_2 — aspen-white-birch, fieldfare reed-forb forest; L_3 — larch forest with flat-leaved sedge-reed birch with forbs; L_4 — white-birch-larch with an admixture of aspen rhododendron lingonberry-sedge forest; L_5 — bushy, mostly meadowsweet, forb-reed grass meadow. II — Antonovskaya: L_6 — rhododendron-cowberry larch forest; L_7 — larch-white-birch with fir and spruce, shrubby forb-reed grass forest (the code of the habitat type corresponds to that in Tables 1 and 3 and in Fig. 2)
Figure 5 in Ecological and faunistic features of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in different types of habitats in the Dinaric karst area (Central Croatia)
Figure 5. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram based on 658 bp long fragment of the mt COI DNA barcode region showing the relationships between species of the genus Setodess. Numbers above the branches represent bootstrap support (BS) for Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and ML analysis (NJ/ML). BS values less than 60 are not shown. Specimen ID from sequences obtained in this study are written with bold letters.
Figure 3 in Ecological and faunistic features of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in different types of habitats in the Dinaric karst area (Central Croatia)
Figure 3. NMDS similarity analysis of caddisflies fauna at the study area (sampling sites correspond to the list in Tab. 1).
Figure 2 in Ecological and faunistic features of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in different types of habitats in the Dinaric karst area (Central Croatia)
Figure 2. Dobra - spring (D1), Dobra - upper Dobra (D2), Dobra - canyon (D4), Kamačnik - spring (K1), Zagorska Mrežnica - spring (ZM), Sabljaci - reservoir (SR).
Fig 5 in Monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda in Benin: assessing the influence of trap type, pheromone blends, and habitat on pheromone trapping
Fig 5. Phylogenetic tree based on a portion of the COI barcoding segment showing the relationships of selected non-target moth specimens (g54xxx) isolated from fall armyworm pheromone traps relative to selected GenBank sequences. GenBank sequences are indicated by species name followed by accession number. Fall armyworm R-strain and fall armyworm C-strain are consensus sequences for the 2 fall armyworm host strains.
Fig 3 in Monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda in Benin: assessing the influence of trap type, pheromone blends, and habitat on pheromone trapping
Fig 3. Field screening of home-made trap design (Jar2 and Jar4) in comparison to Unitrap model using pheromone lures (all combined) over 2 maize cropping systems (maize monoculture and maize-cowpea intercrops) during the second planting season. The traps were installed on 30 Sep 2019 during the second maize growing season, and the moth collection period covered Oct to Dec. The data denotes average numbers per trap type for overall 3-d intervals moth collections with standard errors.
Fig 2 in Monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda in Benin: assessing the influence of trap type, pheromone blends, and habitat on pheromone trapping
Fig 2. Preliminary field test of pheromone traps using the 2-component fall armyworm pheromone PSU lure during the first maize growing season: comparison between home-made Jar2 trap and Unitrap model (A) (average number per trap type for overall weekly moth collections; error bars represent standard error and different lowercase letters denote statistical difference), and fluctuation in moth trap catch of the Unitrap-2-component lure combination (B) (moth collections were done every 3 d).
Fig 4 in Monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda in Benin: assessing the influence of trap type, pheromone blends, and habitat on pheromone trapping
Fig 4. Moth trap catch of 3 pheromone lures over 2 cropping systems (maize monoculture and maize-cowpea intercrops) using Unitraps. The traps were installed on 30 Sep 2019 during the second maize growing season and allowed to collect moths Oct to Dec 2019. The 4-component lure type (4C) contained Z9-14:Ac (78.3%), (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac) (3.6%), Z7-12:Ac (11.2%), and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac) (7.0%); whereas the 3-component lure type (3C) was composed of Z9-14:Ac (66.1%), Z11-16:Ac (4.7%), and Z7-12:Ac (29.3%); and the 2-component lure type (2C) of Z9-14:Ac (90.5%) and Z7-12:Ac (9.5%). The data represents average numbers for overall 3-d intervals moth collections.
Fig 1 in Monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda in Benin: assessing the influence of trap type, pheromone blends, and habitat on pheromone trapping
Fig 1. Traps used in study: commercially available Unitrap (A); home-made Jar2 trap constructed from 2 L plastic jar (B). The Jar2 trap was designed by G.T. TepaYotto and J.K. Winsou.
Рис. 26. Сравнение среΑних значений частоты изменчивости эΛементов рисунка и инΑекса пигментации Mesobuthus eupeus в посеΛениях из разнотипных (А) и оΑнотипных (В) биотопов в кажΑой из выборок: I – Северо-ЗапаΑный Гобустан; II – Северо-Восточный Гобустан; III – ЦентраΛьный Гобустан; IV – Юго-Восточный Гобустан; V – Юго-Восточный Ширван. ИнΑекс корреΛяции r в преΑеΛах 0.744–0.989; p <0.05. Fig. 26. Comparison of the average values of the frequency of variability of pattern elements and the pigmentation index of Mesobuthus eupeus in conglomerations from habitats of different types (A) and of the same type (B) in each sample: I – northwestern Gobustan; II – northeastern Gobustan; III – central Gobustan; IV – southeastern Gobustan; V – southeastern Shirvan. Correlation index r = 0.744–0.989; p <0.05. in Materials on the colour pattern variability of Mesobuthus eupeus (C.L. Koch, 1839) (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in southeastern Shirvan and Gobustan (Eastern Azerbaijan)
Рис. 26. Сравнение среΑних значений частоты изменчивости эΛементов рисунка и инΑекса пигментации Mesobuthus eupeus в посеΛениях из разнотипных (А) и оΑнотипных (В) биотопов в кажΑой из выборок: I – Северо-ЗапаΑный Гобустан; II – Северо-Восточный Гобустан; III – ЦентраΛьный Гобустан; IV – Юго-Восточный Гобустан; V – Юго-Восточный Ширван. ИнΑекс корреΛяции r в преΑеΛах 0.744–0.989; p <0.05. Fig. 26. Comparison of the average values of the frequency of variability of pattern elements and the pigmentation index of Mesobuthus eupeus in conglomerations from habitats of different types (A) and of the same type (B) in each sample: I – northwestern Gobustan; II – northeastern Gobustan; III – central Gobustan; IV – southeastern Gobustan; V – southeastern Shirvan. Correlation index r = 0.744–0.989; p <0.05.
FIGURE 2 Different habitat types that were sampled during the 2018 in Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Dutch Leeward Islands, with a key to the adults and fourth instar larvae
FIGURE 2 Different habitat types that were sampled during the 2018 survey. Natural habitats: a) Bromelias, b) inflorescences of Heliconia sp. c) rock pool/beach pool, d) crab hole; Semi-natural habitats: e) temporary/permanent pond, Artificial habitats: f) bucket, g) well, h) car tire, i) abandoned swimming pool, j) cistern. Photos courtesy of K.-D.B. Dijkstra, J.G. van der Beek and K. Hulshof.
Climate and habitat type interact to influence contemporary dispersal potential in Prairie Smoke (Geum triflorum)
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Data from: Landscape diversity and local temperature, but not climate, affect arthropod predation among habitat types
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The distribution of plant consumption traits across habitat types and the patterns of fruit availability suggest a mechanism of coexistence of two sympatric frugivorous mammals
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Distance functions of carabids in crop fields depend on functional traits, crop type and adjacent habitat: a synthesis
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