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Table 7 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

<p><i>Table 7.</i> Model selection of apparent survival probability (Phi) for model set 5 incorporating top covariates from previous models.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th>QAICc</th><th>Model</th><th>No.</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Model</th><td>QAICc</td><td>ΔQAICc</td><td>weights</td><td>likelihood</td><td>parameters</td><td>Deviance</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + T4)}</th><td>248.8571</td><td>0</td><td>0.37137</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>240.7709</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + T4 +</th><td>250.1334</td><td>1.2763</td><td>0.19618</td><td>0.5283</td><td>5</td><td>240.0038</td></tr><tr><th>mass)}</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + T4 +</th><td>250.298</td><td>1.4409</td><td>0.18068</td><td>0.4865</td><td>5</td><td>240.1684</td></tr><tr><th>logOH)}</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + T4 +</th><td>251.8598</td><td>3.0027</td><td>0.08275</td><td>0.2228</td><td>6</td><td>239.678</td></tr><tr><th>mass + logOH)}</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + mass)}</th><td>252.2936</td><td>3.4365</td><td>0.06662</td><td>0.1794</td><td>4</td><td>244.2074</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i>)}</th><td>252.7458</td><td>3.8887</td><td>0.05314</td><td>0.1431</td><td>3</td><td>246.6942</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + mass +</th><td>254.2608</td><td>5.4037</td><td>0.02491</td><td>0.0671</td><td>5</td><td>244.1312</td></tr><tr><th>logOH)}</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + logOH)}</th><td>254.3069</td><td>5.4498</td><td>0.02434</td><td>0.0655</td><td>4</td><td>246.2207</td></tr></tbody></table><p><i>Note: g</i> = group (SF, TB, and TMMC), T4 = total thyroxine, OH = PCB+DDT+ PBDE+HCH+CHLD, Phi = survival.</p>

Table 4 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

<p><i>Table 4.</i> Model selection of apparent survival probability (Phi) for model set 2: lipid weight contaminant classes.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th>QAICc</th><th>Model</th><th>No.</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Model</th><td>QAICc</td><td>ΔQAICc</td><td>weights</td><td>likelihood</td><td>parameters</td><td>Deviance</td></tr><tr><th><b>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i>)}</b></th><td><b>220.57</b></td><td><b>0.000</b></td><td><b>0.226</b></td><td><b>1.000</b></td><td><b>3</b></td><td><b>214.517</b></td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + logPBDE)}</th><td>221.04</td><td>0.473</td><td>0.179</td><td>0.789</td><td>4</td><td>212.955</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + logHCH)}</th><td>221.11</td><td>0.544</td><td>0.172</td><td>0.762</td><td>4</td><td>213.026</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + logCHLD)}</th><td>221.67</td><td>1.104</td><td>0.130</td><td>0.576</td><td>4</td><td>213.586</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + logPCB)}</th><td>222.06</td><td>1.491</td><td>0.107</td><td>0.475</td><td>4</td><td>213.973</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g ×</i> logHCH)}</th><td>222.25</td><td>1.683</td><td>0.098</td><td>0.431</td><td>6</td><td>210.070</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + logDDT)}</th><td>222.46</td><td>1.894</td><td>0.088</td><td>0.388</td><td>4</td><td>214.376</td></tr></tbody></table><p><i>Note: g</i> = group (SF, TB, and TMMC), PCB = polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT = summed dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites, PBDE = polybrominated diphenylethers, CHLD = chlordanes, and HCH = hexachlorocyclohexanes. <i>c ͡</i> adjustment = 1.15. Highest ranked model highlighted in bold.</p>

Table 6 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

<p><i>Table 6.</i> Model selection of apparent survival probability (Phi) for model set 4: blood variables.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th>QAICc</th><th>Model</th><th>No.</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Model</th><td>QAICc</td><td>ΔQAICc</td><td>weights</td><td>likelihood</td><td>parameters</td><td>Deviance</td></tr><tr><th><b>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + T4)}</b></th><td><b>217.45</b></td><td><b>0.000</b></td><td><b>0.481</b></td><td><b>1.000</b></td><td><b>4</b></td><td><b>209.366</b></td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + T4 + T3)}</th><td>219.49</td><td>2.033</td><td>0.174</td><td>0.362</td><td>5</td><td>209.356</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + T3)}</th><td>220.04</td><td>2.587</td><td>0.132</td><td>0.274</td><td>4</td><td>211.953</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i>)}</th><td>220.57</td><td>3.116</td><td>0.101</td><td>0.211</td><td>3</td><td>214.517</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + wbc)}</th><td>221.49</td><td>4.040</td><td>0.064</td><td>0.133</td><td>4</td><td>213.406</td></tr><tr><th>{<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + IgG)}</th><td>222.04</td><td>4.589</td><td>0.048</td><td>0.101</td><td>4</td><td>213.955</td></tr></tbody></table><p><i>Note: g</i> = group (SF, TB, and TMMC), T4 = total thyroxine, T3 = triiodothyronine, WBC = white blood cell count, IgG = total immunoglobulin. <i>c ͡</i> adjustment = 1.15. Highest ranked model highlighted in bold.</p>

Table 4 in Harbor seal use of glacier ice and terrestrial haul-outs in the Kenai Fjords, Alaska

<p><i>Table 4.</i> Summary of harbor seal mother-pup pairs (MP) and seals without pups (nMP) counted during pupping, numbers of seals counted during the molt, and proportions of pups counted relative to total seals (including pups) observed during pupping and during the molt. Counts are presented as means, maximums, and sample sizes (in parentheses) for each region in each year and summarized across years by arithmetic mean, standard deviation and geometric mean.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th>Geo</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Region</th><td></td><td>2004</td><td>2005</td><td>2006</td><td>2007</td><td>2008</td><td>2009</td><td>2011</td><td>2012</td><td>2013</td><td>Mean</td><td>SD</td><td>Mean</td></tr><tr><th>Mother-pup pairs during pupping</th></tr><tr><th>AB</th><td>Mean</td><td>20.3</td><td>33.5</td><td>20.0</td><td>22.0</td><td>26.5</td><td>24.3</td><td>87.0</td><td>72.0</td><td>64.0</td><td>41.1</td><td>24.5</td><td>34.9</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>28</td><td>39</td><td>20</td><td>23</td><td>38</td><td>31</td><td>87</td><td>77</td><td>64</td><td>45.2</td><td>23.2</td><td>39.9</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>NWF</th><td>Mean</td><td>38.3</td><td>57.5</td><td>39.0</td><td>52.0</td><td>41.5</td><td>38.7</td><td>116.0</td><td>83.0</td><td></td><td>58.2</td><td>26.0</td><td>53.7</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>54</td><td>79</td><td>39</td><td>54</td><td>42</td><td>45</td><td>116</td><td>84</td><td></td><td>64.1</td><td>25.0</td><td>59.9</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>MF</th><td>Mean</td><td>22.8</td><td>38.0</td><td>32.0</td><td>48.5</td><td>35.0</td><td>14.0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>31.7</td><td>11.0</td><td>29.5</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>26</td><td>38</td><td>32</td><td>58</td><td>35</td><td>14</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>33.8</td><td>13.3</td><td>31.1</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>RB-JB</th><td>Mean</td><td>19.5</td><td>11.0</td><td>33.5</td><td>40.0</td><td></td><td>36.3</td><td>8.0</td><td>29.0</td><td></td><td>25.3</td><td>11.7</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>33</td><td>21</td><td>33.5</td><td>40</td><td></td><td>70</td><td>8</td><td>38</td><td></td><td>34.8</td><td>17.7</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Seals without pups during pupping</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>AB</th><td>Mean</td><td>124.8</td><td>103.0</td><td>86.0</td><td>178.0</td><td>179.0</td><td>206.7</td><td>178.0</td><td>406.5</td><td>140.0</td><td>178.0</td><td>89.1</td><td>161.3</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>188</td><td>144</td><td>86</td><td>211</td><td>211</td><td>253</td><td>178</td><td>439</td><td>140</td><td>205.6</td><td>94.4</td><td>187.5</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>NWF</th><td>Mean</td><td>86.5</td><td>163.5</td><td>80.0</td><td>179.5</td><td>179.5</td><td>243.3</td><td>182.0</td><td>250.0</td><td></td><td>170.5</td><td>58.3</td><td>158.8</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>96</td><td>179</td><td>80</td><td>205</td><td>202</td><td>342</td><td>182</td><td>257</td><td></td><td>192.9</td><td>78.3</td><td>175.8</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>MF</th><td>Mean</td><td>50.5</td><td>145.0</td><td>106.0</td><td>119.5</td><td>173.0</td><td>89.0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>113.8</td><td>39.1</td><td>106.1</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>77</td><td>145</td><td>106</td><td>155</td><td>173</td><td>89</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>124.2</td><td>35.5</td><td>118.9</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Region</th><td></td><td>2004</td><td>2005</td><td>2006</td><td>2007</td><td>2008</td><td>2009</td><td>2011</td><td>2012</td><td>2013</td><td>Mean</td><td>SD</td><td>Mean</td></tr><tr><th>RB-JB</th><td>Mean</td><td>148.8</td><td>143.0</td><td>275.5</td><td>353.0</td><td></td><td>284.0</td><td>211.0</td><td>251.3</td><td></td><td>238.1</td><td>70.4</td><td>227.1</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>174</td><td>233</td><td>275.5</td><td>353</td><td></td><td>448</td><td>211</td><td>329</td><td></td><td>289.1</td><td>87.5</td><td>276.2</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Total seals during molt</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>AB</th><td>Mean</td><td>253.5</td><td>391.7</td><td>267.0</td><td>437.0</td><td>649.0</td><td></td><td></td><td>738.0</td><td></td><td>456.0</td><td>181.7</td><td>420.8</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>303</td><td>503</td><td>267</td><td>437</td><td>649</td><td></td><td></td><td>738</td><td></td><td>482.8</td><td>170.4</td><td>451.9</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>NWF</th><td>Mean</td><td>49.7</td><td>224.3</td><td>236.0</td><td>342.0</td><td>140.0</td><td></td><td></td><td>650.0</td><td></td><td>273.7</td><td>190.7</td><td>208.4</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>85</td><td>306</td><td>236</td><td>342</td><td>140</td><td></td><td></td><td>650</td><td></td><td>293.2</td><td>182.5</td><td>240.0</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(3)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>MF</th><td>Mean</td><td>252.5</td><td>333.7</td><td></td><td>220.0</td><td>312.0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>279.5</td><td>45.4</td><td>275.8</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>552</td><td>380</td><td></td><td>220</td><td>312</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>366.0</td><td>121.5</td><td>346.4</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>RB-JB</th><td>Mean</td><td>146.8</td><td>308.7</td><td>165.5</td><td>513.5</td><td>564.0</td><td></td><td></td><td>477.0</td><td></td><td>362.6</td><td>165.7</td><td>318.1</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>226</td><td>569</td><td>225</td><td>546</td><td>564</td><td></td><td></td><td>477</td><td></td><td>434.5</td><td>150.8</td><td>402.5</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Proportion pups relative to total seal including pups</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>AB</th><td>Mean</td><td>11.8%</td><td>20.6%</td><td>15.9%</td><td>10.1%</td><td>10.9%</td><td>9.6%</td><td>24.7%</td><td>13.1%</td><td>23.9%</td><td>15.6%</td><td>6%</td><td>14.7%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>15.0%</td><td>23.7%</td><td>15.9%</td><td>11.2%</td><td>13.2%</td><td>13.3%</td><td>24.7%</td><td>14.6%</td><td>23.9%</td><td>17.3%</td><td>5%</td><td>16.6%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>NWF</th><td>Mean</td><td>22.3%</td><td>20.1%</td><td>24.7%</td><td>18.5%</td><td>15.9%</td><td>12.7%</td><td>28.0%</td><td>20.0%</td><td></td><td>20.3%</td><td>5%</td><td>19.8%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>29.6%</td><td>25.8%</td><td>24.7%</td><td>19.7%</td><td>17.2%</td><td>15.7%</td><td>28.0%</td><td>20.4%</td><td></td><td>22.6%</td><td>5%</td><td>22.1%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>MF</th><td>Mean</td><td>26.3%</td><td>17.2%</td><td>18.8%</td><td>22.7%</td><td>14.4%</td><td>12.0%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>18.6%</td><td>5%</td><td>17.9%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>42.0%</td><td>17.2%</td><td>18.8%</td><td>24.1%</td><td>14.4%</td><td>12.0%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>21.4%10%</td><td>19.6%</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Region</th><td></td><td>2004</td><td>2005</td><td>2006</td><td>2007</td><td>2008</td><td>2009</td><td>2011</td><td>2012</td><td>2013</td><td>Mean</td><td>SD</td><td>Mean</td></tr><tr><th>RB-JB</th><td>Mean</td><td>10%</td><td>5%</td><td>10%</td><td>9%</td><td></td><td>11%</td><td>4%</td><td>10%</td><td></td><td>8.3%</td><td>3%</td><td>7.8%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>15%</td><td>8%</td><td>10%</td><td>9%</td><td></td><td>14%</td><td>4%</td><td>15%</td><td></td><td>10.6%</td><td>4%</td><td>9.6%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Proportion pups relative to molting seals</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>AB</th><td>Mean</td><td>8.0%</td><td>8.6%</td><td>7.5%</td><td>5.0%</td><td>4.1%</td><td></td><td></td><td>9.8%</td><td></td><td>7.2%</td><td>2%</td><td>6.8%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>9.2%</td><td>7.8%</td><td>7.5%</td><td>5.3%</td><td>5.9%</td><td></td><td></td><td>10.4%</td><td></td><td>7.7%</td><td>2%</td><td>7.5%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>NWF</th><td>Mean</td><td>77.0%</td><td>25.6%</td><td>16.5%</td><td>15.2%</td><td>29.6%</td><td></td><td></td><td>12.8%</td><td></td><td>29.5%</td><td>22%</td><td>23.9%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>63.5%</td><td>25.8%</td><td>16.5%</td><td>15.8%</td><td>30.0%</td><td></td><td></td><td>12.9%</td><td></td><td>27.4%</td><td>17%</td><td>23.4%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(3)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>MF</th><td>Mean</td><td>9.0%</td><td>11.4%</td><td></td><td>22.0%</td><td>11.2%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.4%</td><td>5%</td><td>12.6%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>4.7%</td><td>10.0%</td><td></td><td>26.4%</td><td>11.2%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.1%</td><td>8%</td><td>10.9%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>RB-JB</th><td>Mean</td><td>13.3%</td><td>3.6%</td><td>20.2%</td><td>7.8%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.1%</td><td></td><td>10.2%</td><td>6%</td><td>8.5%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max</td><td>14.6%</td><td>3.7%</td><td>14.9%</td><td>7.3%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>8.0%</td><td></td><td>9.7%</td><td>4%</td><td>8.6%</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(4)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><p>(Continued)</p><p>(Continued)</p>

Table 1 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

<p><i>Table 1.</i> Mean and range for covariate values by group (SF = San Francisco, TB = Tomales Bay and TMMC = The Marine Mammal Center). The geometric mean is shown for contaminant concentrations (ng/g lipid weight).</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>SF</th><th>TB</th><th>TMMC</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Sample size</th><td>19</td><td>7</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><th>Morphology</th><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Mass (kg)</th><td>19 (13–27)</td><td>20 (16–25)</td><td>18 (13–25)</td></tr><tr><th>Length (cm)</th><td>85 (72–100)</td><td>88 (83–95)</td><td>86 (79–96)</td></tr><tr><th>Girth (cm)</th><td>72 (61–86)</td><td>74 (65–83)</td><td>69 (58–93)</td></tr><tr><th>Blubber depth</th><td>19 (14–25)</td><td>19 (14–23)</td><td>18 (13–22)</td></tr><tr><th>(mm) Body condition</th><td>1.0 (<i>−</i> 3.0–7.5)</td><td>0.1 (<i>−</i> 1.9–1.9)</td><td><i>−</i> 1.0 (<i>−</i> 5.4–2.8)a</td></tr><tr><th>Sex (male, female)</th><td>9, 10</td><td>5, 2</td><td>9, 12</td></tr><tr><th>Blood IgG (mg/mL) WBC (/μL) T4 (nmol/L)</th><td>24 (20–33) 7.4 (4.3–11.1)b 28 (10–58)</td><td>26 (21–29) 8.3 (4.9–13.6)a, b 46 (18–62)</td><td>29 (26–32)a 10.1 (6.2–15.0)a 19 (7 40)a –</td></tr><tr><th>T3 (nmol/L)</th><td>0.86 (0.53–2.32)</td><td>0.61 (0.39–0.94)</td><td>0.88 (0.52–1.46)</td></tr><tr><th>Contaminants PCB</th><td>9,777a</td><td>1,794</td><td>1,148</td></tr><tr><th>DDT</th><td>(2,594–30,075) 7,179</td><td>(668–10,627) 3,897</td><td>(229–7,528) 1,616a</td></tr><tr><th>PBDE CHLD HCH OH</th><td>(2,738–24,436) 1,053a (360–2,874) 373 (125–883) 27 (12–57) 18,601a</td><td>(992–17,380) 192 (40–1,117) 252 (126–817) 43a (20 70) – 6,302b</td><td>(318–5,885) 154 (61–876) 99a (47–461) 24 (17–42) 3,160</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(5,836–57,855)</td><td>(1,952–27,880)</td><td>(672–14,599)</td></tr></tbody></table><p><i>Note</i>: IgG = serum immunoglobulin, WBC = total white blood cell count, T4 = serum total thyroxine, T3 = serum total triiodothyronine, PCB = polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT = summed dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites, PBDE = polybrominated diphenylethers, CHLD = chlordanes, HCH = hexachlorocyclohexanes, and OH = the five contaminant classes summed. Superscript letters represent significant differences among groups.</p>

Table 8 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

<p><i>Table 8.</i> Weekly survival estimate, standard error, and 95% confidence interval from the top model: {<i>Φ</i> (<i>g</i> + T4)}.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Estimate</th><th>SE</th><th>LCL</th><th>UCL</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>SF</th><td>0.914</td><td>0.021</td><td>0.864</td><td>0.947</td></tr><tr><th>TMMC</th><td>0.886</td><td>0.028</td><td>0.820</td><td>0.930</td></tr><tr><th>TB</th><td>0.972</td><td>0.020</td><td>0.891</td><td>0.993</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 2 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

<p><i>Table 2.</i> Results for the significant generalized linear model of summed organohalogen contaminants (OH) controlling for group (SF = San Francisco, TB = Tomales Bay and TMMC = The Marine Mammal Center)</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Dependent</th><th>Model</th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>variable</th><td>parameter</td><td>Estimate</td><td>SE</td><td><i>t</i></td><td><i>P</i></td></tr><tr><th>OH</th><td>intercept</td><td>13.853</td><td>1.626</td><td>8.52</td><td><0.005</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>location_TB</td><td><i>−</i> 0.929</td><td>0.319</td><td><i>−</i> 2.91</td><td>0.006</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>location_TMMC</td><td><i>−</i> 1.706</td><td>0.226</td><td><i>−</i> 7.554</td><td><0.005</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>length</td><td><i>−</i> 0.047</td><td>0.019</td><td><i>−</i> 2.486</td><td>0.017</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 3 in Harbor seal use of glacier ice and terrestrial haul-outs in the Kenai Fjords, Alaska

<p><i>Table 3.</i> Location-habitat categories, regions, and associated acronyms used in this study.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Acronyms</th></tr><tr><th>Fjord-Habitat</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Johnstone Bay Lake Ice</th><td>JBI</td></tr><tr><th>Johnstone Bay Land</th><td>JBL</td></tr><tr><th>Whidbey Bay Land</th><td>WBL</td></tr><tr><th>Day Harbor Land</th><td>DHL</td></tr><tr><th>Resurrection Bay Ice</th><td>RBI</td></tr><tr><th>Resurrection Bay Land</th><td>RBL</td></tr><tr><th>Aialik Bay Glacier Ice</th><td>AGI</td></tr><tr><th>Aialik Bay Land</th><td>AGL</td></tr><tr><th>Pedersen Glacier Ice</th><td>PGI</td></tr><tr><th>Pedersen Glacier Land</th><td>PGL</td></tr><tr><th>Northwestern Fjord Ice</th><td>NWFI</td></tr><tr><th>Northwestern Fjord Land</th><td>NWFL</td></tr><tr><th>McCarty Fjord Ice</th><td>MFI</td></tr><tr><th>McCarty Fjord Land</th><td>MFL</td></tr><tr><th>Regions</th><td></td></tr><tr><th>Resurrection Bay through Johnstone Bay</th><td>RB-JB</td></tr><tr><th>Aialik Bay</th><td>AB</td></tr><tr><th>Northwestern Fjord</th><td>NWF</td></tr><tr><th>McCarty Fjord</th><td>MCF</td></tr><tr><th>Southern Coast (McCarty Fjord-Harris Bay)</th><td>SC</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 5 in Harbor seal use of glacier ice and terrestrial haul-outs in the Kenai Fjords, Alaska

<p><i>Table 5.</i> Summary of mean percent change, annually, in numbers of harbor seals counted from Johnstone Bay through Northwestern Fjord (JB-NWF) during the molt and of pups and nonpups counted during pupping, as determined from aerial surveys. For comparison, Aialik Bay trends, based on mean estimates adjusted for favorable standard conditions from 2004 to 2011, are included.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Trend</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Location/Time Period</th><td>Glacier</td><td>Terrestrial</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><th>Molt</th><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>JB-NWF</th><td>5.40%</td><td>9.00%</td><td>6.10%</td></tr><tr><th>Aialik Bay</th><td>6.70%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Pupping</th><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>JB-NWF pups</th><td>5.00%</td><td>1.50%</td><td>6.90%</td></tr><tr><th>Aialik Bay pups</th><td>8.00%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>JB-NWF seals without pups</th><td>7.96%</td><td>5.10%</td><td>8.15%</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 2 in Harbor seal use of glacier ice and terrestrial haul-outs in the Kenai Fjords, Alaska

<p><i>Table 2.</i> Habitat haul-out categories.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Tidewater</th><th>Tidewater glacier ice habitats include ice calved from Aialik Glacier in</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>glacier ice</th><td>Aialik Bay; Northwestern, Ogive, and Anchor Glaciers in Northwestern</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Fjord; and McCarty Glacier in McCarty Fjord and comprise primary</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>habitats for seals on the Kenai Peninsula. Harbor seals rarely hauled out on</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>ice calved from Holgate Glacier in Aialik Bay.</td></tr><tr><th>Glacial</th><td>Glacial Lake ice habitats, including Johnstone Lake (terminus of Excelsior</td></tr><tr><th>lake ice</th><td>Glacier in Johnstone Bay), Bear Glacier Lake (terminus of Bear Glacier in</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Resurrection Bay), and Pedersen Glacier Lake (terminus of Pedersen Glacier</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>in Aialik Bay), are highly estuarine and have restricted access <i>via</i> tidally</td></tr><tr><th>influenced streams. During the winter, surface waters freeze. In this paper,</th></tr><tr><th></th><td>seals using lake-ice habitats were associated with adjoining habitats.</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Pedersen Lake was associated with tidewater glacial habitats while lakes at</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>the terminus of Excelsior and Bear glaciers were associated with terrestrial</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>habitats.</td></tr><tr><th>Traditional</th><td>Traditional terrestrial haul-outs along the southeastern Kenai Peninsula are</td></tr><tr><th>terrestrial</th><td>primarily rocky shorelines and include all terrestrial haul-outs from</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Johnstone Bay through Resurrection Bay.</td></tr><tr><th>Incidental</th><td>Incidental terrestrial haul-outs are those associated with tidewater glacier</td></tr><tr><th>terrestrial</th><td>systems in Aialik Bay, Northwestern Fjord and McCarty Fjord. Primary</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>haul-out activity occurs on the glacial ice and occupancy at the terrestrial</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>haul-outs is irregular and involved small numbers of seals (<20 seals).</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>In this study, survey times in the tidewater glacier fjords often occurred</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>late in the low tide cycle which, in conjunction with the irregularity in</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>the seal’s use of these terrestrial haul-outs, resulted in suboptimal</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>assessments of habitat use.</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 1 in Harbor seal use of glacier ice and terrestrial haul-outs in the Kenai Fjords, Alaska

<p><i>Table 1.</i> Summary of the location, terminus habitat and status of glaciers that calve ice used by harbor seals in this study.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Glacier</th><th>Status</th><th>Habitat</th><th>Location</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Excelsior Glacier</th><td>Retreating</td><td>Tidally influenced Lake</td><td>Johnstone Bay</td></tr><tr><th>Bear Glacier</th><td>Retreating</td><td>Tidally influenced Lake</td><td>Resurrection Bay</td></tr><tr><th>Holgate Glacier Pedersen Glacier</th><td>Stable Retracted Retreating a</td><td>Tidewater Tidally Influenced Lake</td><td>Aialik Bay Aialik Bay</td></tr><tr><th>Aialik Glacier</th><td>Stable Retracted/</td><td>Tidewater</td><td>Aialik Bay</td></tr><tr><th>Anchor Glacier Ogive Glacier Northwestern Glacier</th><td>Thinning Retracted a Retracted a Retracted a,b</td><td>Tidewater Tidewater Tidewater</td><td>Northwestern Fjord Northwestern Fjord Northwestern Fjord</td></tr><tr><th>McCarty Glacier</th><td>Retreating</td><td>Tidewater</td><td>McCarty Fjord</td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup>a</sup> Detaching from icefield. <sup>b</sup> Partially grounded.</p>

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Data from: Genetic and evolutionary divergence of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Iliamna Lake, Alaska

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Washington harbor seal stable isotope data

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publicJul 2022View details →

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The genetic diversity, phylogeography, and population structure of Pacific harbor seals reveal isolation at the southern end of their distribution

<p>The Pacific harbor seal (<em>Phoca vitulina richardii</em>) occurs in the Mexican Pacific region at the southernmost edge of the subspecies' distribution, along 700 km of coastline and on nine islands west of the Baja California peninsula. Its abundance corresponds to 3% of its total abundance in the north Pacific Ocean. The species is considered relatively sedentary and highly philopatric, which make it vulnerable to stochastic processes; thus, reproductive and genetic isolation of the Mexican Pacific colonies is expected. This study aimed to genetically characterize the harbor seal in the Mexican Pacific to inform conservation efforts. We estimated the levels of genetic diversity for five colonies, using a 572-base pair mitochondrial DNA control region fragment and nine microsatellite loci. We examined the population genetic structure and its phylogeographic patterns. We found 15 variable sites that defined 18 mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. Results show one of the lowest levels of diversity reported for the species (overall haplotype diversity <em>h</em> = 0.626 ± SD 0.041; overall nucleotide diversity π = 0.0018 ± SD 0.0013; mean expected heterozygosity H<sub>E</sub> = 0.537). We found a stronger genetic structure with both markers than in the larger regions of the north Pacific, from Alaska to California. The Pacific harbor seal colonies found in Mexico may have their origins in northern colonies, via a founder event. We found only four haplotypes in common with those observed (451) along the rest of the Pacific colonies, while nine of the 14 haplotypes exclusive to the Mexican Pacific are private.</p>

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On following pages: 13. Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus); 14. Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina); 15. Spotted Seal (Phoca largha); 16. Caspian Seal (Pusa caspica); 17. Baikal Seal (Pusa sibirica); 18. Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida). in Phocidae

On following pages: 13. Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus); 14. Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina); 15. Spotted Seal (Phoca largha); 16. Caspian Seal (Pusa caspica); 17. Baikal Seal (Pusa sibirica); 18. Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida).

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Coyotes hunt harbor seal pups on the California coast (Video S1)

<p>This dataset includes a high-quality version of Video S1 from: FD Gerraty, S Grimes, S Pemberton, SG Allen, S Codde. (2025) Coyotes hunt harbor seal pups on the California Coast. <em>Ecology</em></p>

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The genetic diversity, phylogeography, and population structure of Pacific harbor seals reveal isolation at the southern end of their distribution

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Figure 2 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

Figure 2. Proportion of tags still transmitting by week post deployment separated by location of deployment: SF = San Francisco Bay, TB = Tomales Bay, and TMMC = The Marine Mammal Center. Tags that were permanently ashore were considered to be no longer transmitting.

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Figure 2 in Harbor seal use of glacier ice and terrestrial haul-outs in the Kenai Fjords, Alaska

Figure 2. Mean numbers of total harbor seals counted during the molt (Panel A) and pups during pupping season (Panel B) in Aialik Bay. Estimated means were adjusted for standard environmental conditions using Generalized Linear Model (Hoover-Miller et al. 2011). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals of means.

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Figure 4 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

Figure 4. The relationship between total tag deployment time and dispersal distance per day for satellite tagged seal pups.