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Fig. 3. A–B. Waist segments and gaster oblique lateral view. A. T. setuliferum Emery, 1895 in A taxonomic revision of seed harvester ants of the Tetramorium solidum group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in southern Africa

Fig. 3. A–B. Waist segments and gaster oblique lateral view. A. T. setuliferum Emery, 1895 (MCZ_ ENT00512567). B. T. clunum Forel, 1913 (CASENT0764600). C–F. Waist segments in dorsal view. C. T. grandinode Santschi, 1913 (CASENT0764655). D. T. lerouxi Mbanyana, Robertson & Hita Garcia sp. nov. (SAM-HYM-C023329). E. T. signatum Emery, 1895 (SAM-HYM-C020573). F. T. glabratum Stitz, 1923 (SAM-HYM-C024395). G–I. Mesosoma in profile. G. T. jordani Santschi, 1937 (CASENT0248475). H. T. glabratum (SAM-HYM-C024395). I. T. rufescens Stitz, 1923 (CASENT0250852). J–M. Head in full-face view. J. T. barbigerum Bolton, 1980 (CASENT0901181). K. T. pogonion Bolton, 1980 (CASTYPE13390 – Antweb, photographer unknown). L. T. glabratum (SAM-HYM-C024395). M. T. rufescens (CASENT0250852). N–P. Waist segments in profile. N. T. duncani Mbanyana, Robertson & Hita Garcia sp. nov. (SAM-HYM-C027003). O. T. glabratum (SAM-HYM-C024395). P. T. rufescens (CASENT0250852).

Fig. 14. Tetramorium jordani Santschi, 1937 in A taxonomic revision of seed harvester ants of the Tetramorium solidum group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in southern Africa

Fig. 14. Tetramorium jordani Santschi, 1937 (CASENT0248475). A. Body in profile. B. Body in dorsal view. C. Head in full-face view.

Fig. 17. Tetramorium peringueyi Arnold, 1926 in A taxonomic revision of seed harvester ants of the Tetramorium solidum group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in southern Africa

Fig. 17. Tetramorium peringueyi Arnold, 1926 (CASENT0250873). A. Body in profile. B. Body in dorsal view. C. Head in full-face view.

Fig. 1 in A taxonomic revision of seed harvester ants of the Tetramorium solidum group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in southern Africa

Fig. 1. Schematic line drawings of a T. solidum group species illustrating the used measurements. A. Body in profile with measuring lines for EL, WL, PH, PTH and PPH. B. Mesosoma in dorsal view with measuring line for PW. C. Petiole and postpetiole in dorsal view with measuring lines for PTL, PTW, PPL and PPW. D. Head in full-face view with measuring lines for HL, HW and SL. E. Dorsocaudal view of the propodeum with measuring line for PSL.

opencc-zeroAug 2016View details →

Morphology and load transport behaviour of the seed-harvesting ant Messor barbarus Linnaeus 1767

This Excel file contains two datasets. The first dataset (sheet “Morphometric data”) gives the measure of thorax length, body mass as well as the mass of main body segments of 57 individual workers of the ant species Messor barbarus Linnaeus 1767.  The workers originated from a colony collected in Saint-Hippolyte, France (42°80 N, 2°98 E) in October 2013. The second dataset (sheet “Transportation data”) relates to observations aiming at investigating the efficiency of M. barbarus workers when transporting pieces of dry pasta on their foraging trails. The data gives the body mass, the characteristics of the item transported, the transportation method (carry or drag), as well as the time required to travel a distance of 1m for 239 individual workers from five colonies located on the campus of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain (41°30′00N, 2°06′49E). For each ant followed the air temperature at ground level is also indicated.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

A taxonomic revision and a review of the biology of the North American seed-harvester ant genus Veromessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)

Detailed collection and locality information for all material examined in the manuscript for "A taxonomic revision and a review of the biology of the North American seed-harvester ant genus Veromessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)". File "Robert_A_Johnson_collection.xlsx" contains records in the senior author's collection and "Veromessor_specimens_examined.xlsx" include records from all other collections. The two files differ in headers, format.

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Spatial patterns of seed removal by harvester ants in a seed tray experiment

Using a selection of native grass and forb seeds commonly seeded in local restoration projects, we conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effects of seed species, distance of seed patches from nests, and distance between patches on patterns of seed removal by Owyhee harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex salinus (Olsen) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). To provide context for ants' seed preferences, we evaluated differences in handling time among seed species. In addition, we assessed the influences of cheatgrass, Bromus tectorum (L.) (Poales: Poaceae), and Sandberg bluegrass, Poa secunda (J. Presl.), cover on seed removal. We found significant differences in removal rates among seed species. In general, seeds placed closer to nests were more vulnerable to predation than those placed farther away, and seeds in closely spaced patches were more vulnerable than seeds in widely spaced patches. However, the strength of these effects differed by seed species. Differences in handling time among seed species may help to explain these findings; the protective effect of from-nest distance was weaker for species which required less time to transport. For two of the seed species, there was an interaction between the distance of seed patches from nests and the distance between patches such that the protective effect of distance between patches decreased as distance from nests increased. Cheatgrass and bluegrass cover both had small protective effects on seeds. Taken together, these results offer insight into the spatial ecology of harvester ant foraging and may provide context for successful implementation of restoration efforts where harvester ants are present.

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

Figure 3 in The impact of predation by the myrmecophagous spider Zodarion elegans (Araneae: Zodariidae) on the activity pattern of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 3 Foraging activity of ants leaving the nest in correlation with absence/presence of Z. elegans individuals. Activity per day was measured as the number of leaving plus returning worker ants per min in a half-hour intervals; counts were summarized per day (0 = absence of Z. elegans, 1 = presence of Z. elegans).

Figure 5 in The impact of predation by the myrmecophagous spider Zodarion elegans (Araneae: Zodariidae) on the activity pattern of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 5. Tasks performed by marked foragers inside the nest when nest entrances were closed due to predation pressure. The number of workers per activity was summarized during the duration of three perturbation experiments. Per experiment 30 workers – 10 Minor-workers, 10 Medium-workers and 10 Major-workers – were marked.

Figure. 4 in The impact of predation by the myrmecophagous spider Zodarion elegans (Araneae: Zodariidae) on the activity pattern of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure. 4 Foraging activity of ants returning to the nest in correlation with absence/presence of Z. elegans individuals. Scores were taken during half-hour intervals (0 = absence of Z. elegans, 1 = presence of Z. elegans).

Figure 4 in Native food spectrum, size-matching and foraging efficiency of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 4. Scatter diagram load ratio versus ant size. The load ratio was calculated as follows: ant size (head width) + load size/ant size. Data are from random samples of returning foragers of a single M. wasmanni colony. One dot represents one observation (N = 776). Linear regression analysis revealed a low negative correlation (R² = 0.14, p = 0.0001) between ant size and load ratio. The larger the worker size class, the smaller the range in the load ratio. Residuals from regressions were approximately normally distributed around zero in all cases.

Figure 5 in Native food spectrum, size-matching and foraging efficiency of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 5. Mean foraging efficiency (in %) per day. Calculations were performed separately per size class and per season. Foraging efficiency varied considerably over the seasons and between size classes. Sample size represented by numbers in bars. Minor = minor-sized workers, Media = media-sized workers, Major = major-sized workers.

Figure 1 in The impact of predation by the myrmecophagous spider Zodarion elegans (Araneae: Zodariidae) on the activity pattern of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 1. Frequency of Z. elegans individuals found within a distance of max. 0.5 m to active/inactive ant colonies in a) spring 2009, b) summer 2009 and c) autumn 2009 (1 = active colonies, 0 = inactive colonies).

Figure 3 in Native food spectrum, size-matching and foraging efficiency of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 3. Scatter diagram load size versus ant size. Data are from random samples of returning foragers of a single M. wasmanni colony. One dot represents one observation (N = 776). Linear regression analysis revealed a very low positive correlation (R² = 0.02, p = 0.0001) between ant size and load size, indicating only a small tendency for majorsized workers to carry larger loads than minor-sized workers. Residuals from regressions were approximately normally distributed around zero in all cases.

Figure 2 in The impact of predation by the myrmecophagous spider Zodarion elegans (Araneae: Zodariidae) on the activity pattern of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 2 Flow diagram of nest entrance closure in response to prey capture by the spider Z. elegans. In total, four experiments were performed with an overall duration of 100 days (Trial 1: n = 20, Trial 2: n = 30, Trial 3: n = 30, Trial 4: n = 20, n(total) = 100). The capture of M. wasmanni workers by Z. elegans is necessary to prompt ants to end aboveground activity and close nest entrances. By contrast, the presence of spiders in the formicarium alone was not sufficient to prompt ants to close nest entrances after aboveground foraging activity ceased.

Figure. 1 in Native food spectrum, size-matching and foraging efficiency of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure. 1. Overview of the topics discussed in the paper. Surface activity was analysed at both colony level and individual level.

Figure 2 in Native food spectrum, size-matching and foraging efficiency of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 2. Frequency distribution of harvested material in percent (May, July-August and October 2009). During periods of aboveground activity, returning foragers carrying food items and other materials were collected at random from foraging trails 10 cm far from the nest entrances.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2019View details →

DataSet from H. Merienne et al., "Walking kinematics in the polymorphic seed harvester ant Messor barbarus: influence of ant size and load carriage"

DataSet from H. Merienne et al., “Walking kinematics in the polymorphic seed harvester ant Messor barbarus: influence of ant size and load carriage”