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85 results for “high-latitudes”

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dryad36/100

Data from Stranger Things: Organismal traits of two octocorals associated with singular Symbiodiniaceae in a high-latitude coral community from northern Taiwan

Scrutinizing the traits of octocorals that could affect their physiological performance becomes increasingly important as several of these species are observed to become dominant on reefs pressured by the Anthropocene. In the present study, we compare the organismal traits of two branching octocorals Litophyton sp. and Stereonephthya sp. commonly populating in sympatry the high-latitude coral communities of northern Taiwan. Using 13 traits, we describe and compare performance traits in these two symbiotic species that we discuss in light of the association they maintain with their algal partners. Litophyton sp. and Stereonephthya sp. hosted Durusdinium and Gerakladium, respectively. Both genera represent singular associations, with the latter further establishing the first solid report of Gerakladium in octocorals. Traits distinguished two groups explained by the two partnerships considered. Litophyton sp. associated with Durusdinium had significantly higher organic matter, chlorophyll (chl) a, total lipid and lower chl c/chl a ratio than Stereonephthya sp. associated with Gerakladium. The δ15N in the host and algae, as well as δ13C in the host were also higher in Litophyton species. Although no significant difference was observed in the δ13C of the algae, Litophyton sp. presented a significantly higher variance for this trait and for chl a content than Stereonephthya species. Altogether, the traits examined suggested contrasting performances among the two octocorals. Both octocoral species clearly deviate from an autotrophic diet. Litophyton sp. appears to complement its heterotrophic diet with photosynthetically acquired energy, while Stereonephthya sp. tends to be more specialized and benefits relatively little from its symbiotic relationship. Our study calls for greater consideration of the individual variation in octocoral physiology and in the definition of their ecological strategies.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

The High-Latitude Extension of Jupiter's Io Torus: Electron Densities Measured by Juno Waves

This is the supporting data set for the paper by the same title published in AGU JGR Space Physics, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029195">10.1029/2021JA029195</a> Abstract We present Jovian electron densities measured by the Juno Waves instrument at high-latitudes on magnetic field lines threading the Io torus using the first 29 orbits of the Juno mission. We infer electron densities from characteristic frequency cutoffs and resonances in plasma wave spectra. There are often times when more than one of the characteristic frequency of the plasma can be identified, whose consistency provides more credibility to the plasma density estimates. The majority of density measurements are on magnetic field lines threading the Io torus and intersecting Jupiter's ionosphere between Io's M-shell and the auroral main oval, but there is evidence of density dropouts near and within the auroral oval, which may be important in auroral particle acceleration. Sharp density gradients are found near the inner edge of the Io torus region. These observations demonstrate the extension of elevated Io torus densities along field lines to higher latitudes.  Key Points <ul> <li>We present Jovian electron densities at high-latitudes on magnetic field lines connected to the Io torus and plasma sheet</li> <li>Sharp density gradients are found near the inner edge of the Io torus M-shell</li> <li>Our densities are consistent with partial electron densities measured by Juno's Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: A unique Late Cretaceous fossil wood assemblage from Chilean Patagonia provides clues to high-latitude continental environment

Fossil plants, including large trunks, stems, some branches, and twigs, were collected from the Maastrichtian (68.9 Mya), upper Dorotea Formation in the Magallanes/Austral Basin, 16 km north of the Cerro Guido-Las Chinas complex in the southern Chilean Magallanes region. These fossil trunks range from 0.2 m to 2.2 m in length. Petrographic slides were made in three sections (transverse, radial, and tangential) and analysed under a light microscope to study the permineralised fossils. The woods and stems belong to Austroginkgoxylon gen. et sp. nov., Agathoxylon antarcticum, Podocarpoxylon paradoxi sp. nov., Podocarpoxylon mazzonii, Palmoxylon subantarcticae, and Nothomalvaceoxylon magallanense gen.et sp. nov. The growth rings of gymnosperms and anatomical characters of angiosperms were analysed to obtain palaeoecological data. Interactions between gymnosperm roots growing into the secondary xylem of an angiosperm (nurse logs) are recorded. The data obtained from the fossil woods suggest warm and humid conditions in this southern South American locality during the Late Cretaceous, providing a unique opportunity to study continental environments at high southern latitudes, which are poorly represented on a global scale.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

CH4 top-down emissions from three high-latitude Arctic regions.

This dataset contains top-down emissions from three high-latitude Arctic regions (the North Slope of Alaska, the East Siberian Lowlands and the Taymyr Peninsula) using three different priors. Emissions were used in the publication "Ward et al., 2024 - Increasing methane emissions and widespread cold-season release from high-Arctic regions detected through atmospheric measurements" in review with JGR:Atmospheres.  Top-down emissions were derived using the RHIME inverse model from the University of Bristol's Atmopsheric Chemistry Research Group. For more details on the model, inputs and region definitions please see the above publication.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Spatial distributions of XCO2 seasonal cycle amplitude and phase over northern high-latitude regions

This dataset is the GEOS-Chem model output used in the following publication,  Jacobs, N., Simpson, W. R., Graham, K. A., Holmes, C., Hase, F., Blumenstock, T., Tu, Q., Frey, M., Dubey, M. K., Parker, H. A., Wunch, D., Kivi, R., Heikkinen, P., Notholt, J., Petri, C., and Warneke, T.: Spatial distributions of XCO2 seasonal cycle amplitude and phase over northern high latitude regions, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-185, in review, 2021. The version 2 zip file contains three directories. CO2_tracers_daily/GEOSChem.taggedCO2.YYYYMMDD.nc files: this directory contains the CO2 simulation as defined by Jacobs et al. (2021). YYYY indicates year, MM indicates month, and DD indicates day. CO2_tracers_monthly/GEOSChem.taggedCO2.YYYYMM.nc files: this directory contains the CO2 simulation as defined by Jacobs et al. (2021). YYYY indicates year and MM indicates month. TT_tracers/GEOSChem.TTtagged.YYYYMM.nc files: this directory contains the tagged tracers simulation as defined by Jacobs et al. (2021). YYYY indicates year and MM indicates month. The version 1 zip file contains only the monthly mean directories.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

dryad36/100

A combined microbial and biogeochemical dataset from high-latitude ecosystems with respect to methane cycle

High latitudes are experiencing intense ecosystem changes with climate warming. The underlying methane (CH4) cycling dynamics remain unresolved, despite its crucial climatic feedback. Atmospheric CH4 emissions are heterogeneous, resulting from local geochemical drivers, global climatic factors, and microbial production/consumption balance. Holistic studies are mandatory to capture CH4 cycling complexity. Here, we report a large set of integrated microbial and biogeochemical data from 396 samples, using a concerted sampling strategy and experimental protocols. The study followed international standards to ensure inter-comparisons of data amongst three high-latitude regions: Alaska, Siberia and Patagonia. The dataset encompasses different representative environmental features (e.g. lake, wetland, tundra, forest soil) of these high-latitude sites and their respective heterogeneity (e.g. characteristic microtopographic patterns). The data included physicochemical parameters, greenhouse gas concentrations and emissions, organic matter characterization, trace elements and nutrients, isotopes, microbial quantification and composition. This dataset addresses the need for a robust physicochemical framework to conduct and contextualize future research on the interactions between climate change, biogeochemical cycles and microbial communities at high-latitudes.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Importance of high-latitude sources for ice-nucleating particles in cold-air outbreaks and the implications for cloud-phase feedback

This dataset contains FLEXPART results and codes for data analysis and visualization used in the MRes research project.   Numpy arrays for FLEXPART data are in "data_flexpart.zip" with longitude and latitude coordination files. Codes for data analysis and visualization are in "ipynb.zip". Codes were written in Python language. Codes are categorized by figures in the article.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Comparison of Species Composition and Climate Drivers in High-Latitude Alpine Ecosystems and High-Altitude Alpine Ecosystems

Plot-wise data of two distinct alpine ecosystems: the High-Latitude Alpine Ecosystems (HLAE) of Hardangervidda National Park.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Whole-genome analysis of Mustela erminea finds that pulsed hybridization impacts evolution at high-latitudes

At high-latitude, climatic shifts hypothetically drove episodes of divergence during isolation in glacial refugia, or ice-free pockets of land that enabled terrestrial species persistence. Upon glacial recession, populations can expand and often come into contact, resulting in admixture between previously isolated groups. To understand how recurrent periods of isolation and contact have impacted evolution at high latitudes, we investigated introgression in the stoat (Mustela erminea), a Holarctic mammalian carnivore, using whole-genome sequences. We identify two temporally isolated introgression events coincident with large-scale climatic shifts: contemporary introgression in a mainland contact zone and ancient contact ~ 200 km south along North America's North Pacific Coast. Repeated episodes of gene flow highlight the central role of cyclic climates in structuring high-latitude diversity, through refugial divergence and subsequent introgressive hybridization. Introgression followed by allopatry (e.g., insularization) may contribute to expedited divergence of island taxa experiencing substantial glacial flux.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Jeju Island: a sentinel for tracking ocean warming impacts on high-latitude benthic communities

As climate changes and anthropogenic pressures increase, marine ecosystem assembly and functioning are altered. High-latitude areas may provide opportunities for some tropical and subtropical organisms to survive. Yet, it is difficult to assess ongoing changes as ecological baselines are often missing. Here, we focus on the rapidly warming region of Jeju Island (South Korea), where thermal changes may have already triggered a poleward expansion of tropical and subtropical taxa and changes in community assembly. In 2012–2014, an island-wide quantitative description of its benthic communities (5 m and 15 m depths) was made, whereas patterns in seawater temperatures were examined from 1981 to 2020. The Jeju Island algal assemblage was dominated by the regionally endemic kelp, Ecklonia cava. Turf, encrusting coralline algae, alongside tropical, subtropical, and cosmopolitan macro-algae were also major components of the benthic community. Hermatypic coral cover was higher at the 15 m depth than 5 m depth. Increases in seawater temperatures were highly significant, with differences between the average annual SST [1980–2020] and annual SST reaching up to + 1.61 °C in only 40 yr. The thermal rise was more pronounced in winter than summer, and warming was further accompanied by a major decline in the number of days below 14 °C and 18 °C, which are considered critical thermal thresholds for hermatypic coral survival and reef development, respectively. Warming winter seawater temperatures could ultimately lead to a loss of seasonality and profound modifications of benthic assemblages. This study provides the necessary assessment of benthic community conditions at Jeju Island upon which the ongoing changes in the area can be explicitly demonstrated.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

High-latitude marginal reefs support fewer but bigger corals than their tropical counterparts

Anthropogenic impacts are typically detrimental to tropical coral reefs, but the effect of increasing environmental stress and variability on the size structure of coral communities remains poorly understood. This limits our ability to effectively conserve coral reef ecosystems because size-specific dynamics are rarely incorporated. Our aim is to quantify variation in the size structure of coral populations across 20 sites along a tropical-to-subtropical environmental gradient on the east coast of Australia (~23°S to 30°S), to determine how size structure changes with a gradient of sea surface temperature, turbidity, productivity and light levels. We use two approaches: 1) linear regression with summary statistics (such as median size) as response variables, a method frequently favoured by ecologists; and 2) compositional functional regression, a novel method using entire size-frequency distributions as response variables. We then predict coral population size structure with increasing environmental stress and variability. Together, we find fewer but larger coral colonies in marginal reefs, where conditions are typically more variable and stressful, than in tropical reefs. Our model predicts that coral populations may become gradually dominated by larger colonies (> 148 cm2) with increasing environmental stress. Fewer but bigger corals suggest low survival of smaller corals, slow growth, and / or poor recruitment. This finding is concerning for the future of coral reefs, as it implies that current marginal populations, or future reefs in increasingly stressful environmental conditions may have low recovery potential. We highlight the importance of continuously monitoring changes to population structure over biogeographic scales.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

dryad36/100