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53 results for “human conflict”
Human wildlife conflict in Shuklaphanta National Park
<p>Human-wildlife interactions occur when humans and wildlife coexist and share common resources including food or shelter. Increasing wildlife populations within protected areas can also increase interactions with humans living adjacent to these areas, resulting in conflicts including human casualty, livestock depredation, crop damage, and property loss. We collected the data between 28 September 2021 to 8 January 2022. We analyzed six years of human-wildlife conflict data from 2016–2021 in the buffer zone of Shuklaphanta National Park and conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate factors influencing human-wildlife conflicts. The analyses were done using descriptive statistics and generalized linear modeling. People were attacked primarily by wild boar (<em>Sus</em> <em>scrofa</em>). Mostly, the livestock were killed by leopard (<em>Panthera</em> <em>pardus</em>), and among these most were sheep or goats killed near ShNP during summer. Crops were most frequently damaged by Asian elephants (<em>Elephas</em> <em>maximus</em>), followed by wild boar. The greatest economic losses were from damage to rice, followed by sugarcane and wheat. Asian elephant was the only reported species to cause structural damage to property (e.g., homes). The majority of respondents considered that the mitigation techniques that are currently in practice are effective to reduce conflicts. However, the effectiveness of the mitigation techniques is species-specific, and we recommend the use of more efficacious deterrents (e.g., electric fencing) for large herbivores and mesh wire fencing partially buried in the ground. Effective collaboration among different tiers of government, non-governmental organizations, civil societies, and affected communities is important to share the best practices and continue to apply innovative methods for impactful mitigation of human-wildlife conflicts in the region. The dataset contains this information for 300 households around Shuklaphanta National Park region.</p>
Data from: Infrared barriers as a detection tool to reduce human-elephant conflicts
<p>Elephant incursions into farms represent an important challenge for local communities and farmers living around protected areas, but also for the long-term conservation of elephants. Early detection of elephants is a promising technique to reduce elephant presence in farms and human settlements reducing human elephant interactions. In this study we investigated the potential of infrared barriers to detect African savannah elephants (<em>Loxodonta africana</em>). We designed and tested battery-operated photoelectric beam sensors in 12 locations of southern Tanzania and assessed the elephant detection accuracy through camera trapping for a total of 246 days. We obtained 1803 recordings of wildlife crossing the barriers range (30 different species of mammals and several bird and bat species). Our results show that infrared barriers, when located at 1.75-2.2 m high, detect 100% of adult elephants and ∼29% of subadult elephants. Giraffes were the only other wildlife species detected by the barriers. Interestingly, large vehicles were also detected, which might be helpful to prevent motorized poaching. Given the gregarious behaviour of elephant families, and the limited access for vehicles, infrared barriers may represent an interesting and cost-effective detection system for early warning strategies in elephant-dominated areas of Africa and Asia or for other large-sized visitors.</p>
Human wildlife conflict in Shuklaphanta National Park
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Human-wildlife conflict is amplified during periods of drought
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Integrating socio-ecological suitability with human-wildlife conflict risk: Case study for translocation of a large ungulate
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Post-translocation dynamics of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus): A successful conservation and human-wildlife conflict mitigation tool
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Sex-specific foraging of an apex predator puts females at risk of human-wildlife conflict
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Residents perspectives on human-wildlife conflict management to build community resilience in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
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Severe environmental conditions create severe conflicts? A novel ecological pathway to extreme coyote attacks on humans
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Data from: Infrared barriers as a detection tool to reduce human-elephant conflicts
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Data from: Effects of human-wildlife conflicts on local people’s livelihoods and wildlife conservation in and around Alitash National Park, Northwest Ethiopia
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Reducing risky interactions: Identifying barriers to the successful management of human-wildlife conflict in an urban parkland
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Livestock guardian dogs establish a landscape of fear for wild predators: implications for the role of guardian dogs in reducing human-wildlife conflict and supporting biodiversity conservation
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Selected survey data for the outcome assessment of a human–carnivore conflict mitigation project (ELC) in Europe
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Data from: Human shields mediate sexual conflict in a top predator
Selecting the right habitat in a risky landscape is crucial for an individual's survival and reproduction. In predator–prey systems, prey often can anticipate the habitat use of their main predator and may use protective associates (i.e. typically an apex predator) as shields against predation. Although never tested, such mechanisms should also evolve in systems in which sexual conflict affects offspring survival. Here, we assessed the relationship between offspring survival and habitat selection, as well as the use of protective associates, in a system in which sexually selected infanticide (SSI), rather than interspecific predation, affects offspring survival. We used the Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos) population with SSI in a human-dominated landscape as our model system. Bears, especially adult males, generally avoid humans in our study system. We used resource selection functions to contrast habitat selection of GPS-collared mothers that were successful (i.e. surviving litters, n = 19) and unsuccessful (i.e. complete litter loss, n = 11) in keeping their young during the mating season (2005–2012). Habitat selection was indeed a predictor of litter survival. Successful mothers were more likely to use humans as protective associates, whereas unsuccessful mothers avoided humans. Our results suggest that principles of predator–prey and fear ecology theory (e.g. non-consumptive and cascading effects) can also be applied to the context of sexual conflict.
An experimental test of community-based strategies for mitigating human-wildlife conflict around protected areas
<p>Natural habitats are rapidly being converted to cultivated croplands, and crop-raiding by wildlife threatens both wildlife conservation and human livelihoods worldwide. We combined movement data from GPS-collared elephants with camera-trap data and local reporting systems in a before-after-control-impact design to evaluate community-based strategies for reducing crop raiding outside Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park. All types of experimental fences tested (beehive, chili, beehive and chili combined, and procedural controls) significantly reduced the number of times elephants left the Park to raid crops. However, placing beehive fences at a subset of key crossing locations reduced the probability that elephants would leave the Park by up to 95% relative to unfenced crossings, and was the most effective strategy. Beehive fences also created opportunities for income generation via honey production. Our results provide experimental evidence that working with local communities to modify both animal behavior and human attitudes can mitigate conflict at the human-wildlife interface.</p>
Data from: Fencing solves human‐wildlife conflict locally but shifts problems elsewhere: a case study using functional connectivity modelling of the African elephant
1. Fencing is one of the commonest methods for mitigating human-wildlife conflicts. At the same time, fencing is considered to be of one of the most pressing emerging threats to conservation globally. Although fences act as barriers and eventually can cause population isolation and fragmentation, it is challenging to quantitatively predict the possible consequences fences have for wildlife. 2. Here, we model how fencing designed to mitigate human-elephant conflict (HEC) on the Borderlands between Kenya and Tanzania will affect functional connectivity and movement corridors for African elephants. Specifically, we (1) model functional landscape connectivity integrating natural and anthropogenic factors; (2) predict seasonal movement corridors used by elephants in non-protected areas; and (3) evaluate whether fencing in one area can potentially intensify human-wildlife conflicts elsewhere. 3. We used GPS movement and remote sensing data to develop monthly step-selection functions to model functional connectivity. For future scenarios, we used a currently ongoing fencing project designed for human-elephant conflict mitigation within the study area. We modelled movement corridors using least-cost path and circuit theory methods, evaluated their predictive power and quantified connectivity changes resulting from the planned fencing. 4. Our results suggest that fencing will not cause landscape fragmentation and will not change functional landscape connectivity dramatically. However, fencing will lead to a loss of connectivity locally and will increase the potential for HEC in new areas. We estimated that wetlands important for movement corridors will be more intensively used by the elephants, which may also cause problems of overgrazing. Seasonal analysis highlighted an increasing usage of non-protected lands in the dry season and equal importance of the pinch point wetlands for preserving overall function connectivity. 5. Synthesis and applications. Fencing is a solution to small-scale HEC problems, but will not solve the issue at a broader scale. Moreover, our results highlight that it may intensify the conflicts and overuse of habitat patches in other areas, thereby negating any conservation benefits. If fencing is employed on a broader scale, then it is imperative that corridors are integrated within the protected area network to ensure local connectivity of affected species.
Data from: Managing conflict between bats and humans: the response of soprano pipistrelles (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) to exclusion from roosts in houses
Conflict can arise when bats roost in human dwellings and householders are affected adversely by their presence. In the United Kingdom, the exclusion of bats from roosts can be licensed under exceptional circumstances to alleviate conflict, but the fate of excluded bats and the impact on their survival and reproduction is not well understood. Using radio-tracking, we investigated the effects of exclusion on the soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus, a species that commonly roosts in buildings in Europe. Exclusions were performed under licence at five roosts in England in spring, when females were in the early stages of pregnancy. Following exclusion, all bats found alternative roosts and colonies congregated in nearby known roosts that had been used by radio-tagged bats prior to exclusion. We found no difference in roosting behaviour before and after exclusion. Both the frequency of roost switching and the type of roosts used by bats remained unchanged. We also found no change in foraging behaviour. Bats foraged in the same areas, travelled similar distances to reach foraging areas and showed similar patterns of habitat selection before and after exclusion. Population modelling suggested that any reduction in survival following exclusion could have a negative impact on population growth, whereas a reduction in productivity would have less effect. While the number of soprano pipistrelle exclusions currently licensed each year is likely to have little effect on local populations, the cumulative impacts of licensing the destruction of large numbers of roosts may be of concern.
Data for: Escalating conflicts between brick kilns and nearby human-nature synergy in the Asian Brick Belt
<p>Data and code of "Escalating conflicts between brick kilns and nearby human-nature synergy in the Asian Brick Belt". We provide the developed data of brick kilns from 1991 to 2022 within the Asian Brick Kiln Belt, along with some of the validation datasets generated. Additionally, we also provide the core code of our research.</p>
Data from: Human wildlife conflict in bardia banke complex data
<p>The data is about the human-wildlife conflict in Bardia - Banke Complex, Nepal. This research was undertaken to investigate the patterns and conflict-causing factors of human killing and injury by large mammals especially by Asian elephant (<em>Elephas maximus</em>), Common leopard (<em>Panthera pardus</em>), and Bengal tiger (<em>Panthera tigris)</em> in the Bardia-Banke Complex of western Nepal. We collected human death records and injuries caused by wildlife between 2019 and (March) 2023, from the regular monitoring record database.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.