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42 results for “hybrid fitness”
Fitness consequences of hybridization in a predominantly selfing species: insights into the role of dominance and epistatic incompatibilities
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Data from: Fitness dynamics within a poplar hybrid zone: I. Prezygotic and postzygotic barriers impacting a native poplar hybrid stand.
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Data from: Fitness dynamics within a poplar hybrid zone: II. Impact of exotic sex on native poplars in an urban jungle.
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Data from: Fitness of reciprocal F1 hybrids between Rhinanthus minor and Rhinanthus major under controlled conditions and in the field
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Data from: Ecological host fitting of Trypanosoma cruzi TcI in Bolivia: mosaic population structure, hybridization and a role for humans in Andean parasite dispersal
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Evidence that genomic incompatibilities and other multilocus processes impact hybrid fitness in a rattlesnake hybrid zone
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Data from: Genomic regions with a history of divergent selection affect fitness of hybrids between two butterfly species
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Data from: Naturally occurring hybrids of coral reef butterflyfishes have similar fitness compared to parental species
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Data from: Fitness of crop-wild hybrid sunflowers under competitive conditions: implications for crop-to-wild introgression
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Context-dependent reproductive isolation: host plant variability drives fitness of hybrid herbivores
<p><span>The role of divergent selection between alternative environments is well-recognized to promote reproductive isolation (RI) between lineages. However, most studies view each divergent environment as homogenous, thereby overlooking the potential role of within environment variation on RI between differentiating lineages. Here we test the importance of microenvironmental variation on RI using individual trees of two host plants each harboring locally adapted populations of the cynipid wasp, <i>Belonocnema treatae</i>. We compared the fitness surrogate (survival) of offspring from hybrid crosses with residents across individuals of each host plant <i>Quercus virginiana</i> and <i>Q. geminata</i>. We found evidence of weak hybrid inviability between host-associated lineages of <i>B. treatae</i> despite strong genomic differentiation. However, averaging across environments, masked great variation in hybrid fitness on individual trees, where hybrids performed worse than, equal to, or better than residents. Considering the environmental context of hybridization is thus critical to improving the predictability of divergence under variable selection.</span></p>
Data from: Identification of quantitative genetic components of fitness variation in farmed, hybrid and native salmon in the wild
Feral animals represent an important problem in many ecosystems due to interbreeding with wild conspecifics. Hybrid offspring from wild and domestic parents are often less adapted to local environment and ultimately, can reduce the fitness of the native population. This problem is an important concern in Norway, where each year, hundreds of thousands of farm Atlantic salmon escape from fish farms. Feral fish outnumber wild populations, leading to a possible loss of local adaptive genetic variation and erosion of genetic structure in wild populations. Studying the genetic factors underlying relative performance between wild and domesticated conspecific can help to better understand how domestication modifies the genetic background of populations, and how it may alter their ability to adapt to the natural environment. Here, based upon a large-scale release of wild, farm and wild x farm salmon crosses into a natural river system, a genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) scan was performed on the offspring of 50 full-sib families, for traits related to fitness (length, weight, condition factor and survival). Six QTLs were detected as significant contributors to the phenotypic variation of the first three traits, explaining collectively between 9.8 and 14.8% of the phenotypic variation. The seventh QTL had a significant contribution to the variation in survival, and is regarded as a key factor to understand the fitness variability observed among salmon in the river. Interestingly, strong allelic correlation within one of the QTL regions in farmed salmon might reflect a recent selective sweep due to artificial selection.
Data from: Local adaptation, phenotypic differentiation and hybrid fitness in diverged natural populations of Arabidopsis lyrata
Selection for local adaptation results in genetic differentiation in ecologically important traits. In a perennial, outcrossing model plant Arabidopsis lyrata, several differentiated phenotypic traits contribute to local adaptation, as demonstrated by fitness advantage of the local population at each site in reciprocal transplant experiments. Here we compared fitness components, hierarchical total fitness and differentiation in putatively ecologically important traits of plants from two diverged parental populations from different continents in the native climate conditions of the populations in Norway and in North Carolina (NC), USA. Survival and number of fruits per inflorescence indicated local advantage at both sites and aster life-history models provided additional evidence for local adaptation also at the level of hierarchical total fitness. Populations were also differentiated in flowering start date and floral display. We also included reciprocal experimental F1 and F2 hybrids to examine the genetic basis of adaptation. Surprisingly, the F2 hybrids showed heterosis at the study site in Norway, likely because of a combination of beneficial dominance effects from different traits. At the NC site, hybrid fitness was mostly intermediate relative to the parental populations. Local cytoplasmic origin was associated with higher fitness, indicating that cytoplasmic genomes also may contribute to the evolution of local adaptation.
Asymmetry in fitness-related traits of later-generation hybrids between two invasive species
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Data from: Identification of quantitative genetic components of fitness variation in farmed, hybrid and native salmon in the wild
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Data from: The effect of parasitism and interpopulation hybridization on Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) fitness
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Data from: Local adaptation, phenotypic differentiation and hybrid fitness in diverged natural populations of Arabidopsis lyrata
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Data from: Hybridization rate and hybrid fitness for Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC (♀) and Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz(Brassicaceae) (♂)
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Context-dependent reproductive isolation: host plant variability drives fitness of hybrid herbivores
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Data from: Quantifying heritable variation in fitness-related traits of wild, farmed and hybrid Atlantic salmon families in a wild river environment
Farmed fish are typically genetically different from wild conspecifics. Escapees from fish farms may contribute one-way gene flow from farm to wild gene pools, which can depress population productivity, dilute local adaptations and disrupt coadapted gene complexes. Here, we reanalyse data from two experiments (McGinnity et al., 1997, 2003) where performance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) progeny originating from experimental crosses between farm and wild parents (in three different cohorts) were measured in a natural stream under common garden conditions. Previous published analyses focussed on group-level differences but did not account for pedigree structure, as we do here using modern mixed-effect models. Offspring with one or two farm parents exhibited poorer survival in their first and second year of life compared with those with two wild parents and these group-level inferences were robust to excluding outlier families. Variation in performance among farm, hybrid and wild families was generally similar in magnitude. Farm offspring were generally larger at all life stages examined than wild offspring, but the differences were moderate (5–20%) and similar in magnitude in the wild versus hatchery environments. Quantitative genetic analyses conducted using a Bayesian framework revealed moderate heritability in juvenile fork length and mass and positive genetic correlations (>0.85) between these morphological traits. Our study confirms (using more rigorous statistical techniques) previous studies showing that offspring of wild fish invariably have higher fitness and contributes fresh insights into family-level variation in performance of farm, wild and hybrid Atlantic salmon families in the wild. It also adds to a small, but growing, number of studies that estimate key evolutionary parameters in wild salmonid populations. Such information is vital in modelling the impacts of introgression by escaped farm salmon.
Optimisation of Hybrid Fittings for Cochlear Implant Recipients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02765386. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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