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303 results for “individual differences”
Data from: Foraging sparrows exhibit individual differences but not a syndrome when responding to multiple types of novelty
Differences between individuals in correlated responses across contexts have both functional and mechanistic implications. Such syndromes may have either beneficial or harmful consequences when novel changes in the environment occur. We used wild-caught house sparrows, Passer domesticus, to test in functionally relevant circumstances, whether neophobia (initial fear of novelty), habituation, and the learning of novel cues (discriminant learning) were linked by a common underlying mechanism or reflected separate processes. We repeatedly measured individual latencies to approach and also to feed from a familiar feeding site in three contexts: a baseline control for mild disturbance, in the presence of a novel object, and to a novel cue indicating hidden food. House sparrows on average exhibited neophobia, habituated to novel objects, and learned to associate new cues to a reward. We also found evidence for consistent individual differences in in both latencies within most contexts, but there was no evidence of individual differences in plasticity with repeated trials within either the novel object (habituation) or novel cue (learning) contexts. There was also little or no correlation between the two latencies within individuals within contexts. Individual differences in latencies to arrive at the food station exhibited strong correlations across contexts, but latencies to feed were weaker. These results suggest a personality trait that exists regardless of novelty, but no syndrome affecting reactions to different forms of novelty. House sparrows appear strongly plastic when responding to novel environments. Such plasticity is likely favored by the varied consequences of novelty across environments.
Data from: Individual differences are consistent across changes in mating status and mediated by biogenic amines
Although aspects of an individual's state are well-known to influence the expression of behavior, it is still unclear how elements of state affect consistent among-individual differences in behavior. With binary, irreversible elements of state, such as mating status, there may be optimal behavioral phenotypes before and after mating, with individuals often prioritizing mate acquisition before and resource acquisition after. Yet, limited plasticity may prevent optimal behavior in both contexts. Additionally, it remains largely unknown if some consistencies in neural or physiological traits may limit the ability of the organism to respond to state changes. In this study, we investigated how changes in a binary state variable, mating status, affected both the mean expression and among-individual variation in behavior and web structure of the redback spider, Latrodectus hasselti. Furthermore, we explored the role of biogenic amines in potentially mediating individual differences in behavior and web structure. We found that mated females were overall more aggressive than virgin females and also built webs structured primarily for capturing prey rather than safety. We also found that individual differences in behavior and web structure were maintained across mating statuses, which indicates the stability of these traits and may drive personality-specific state-dependent fitness trade-offs. Finally, we found that aggressive spiders had higher central nervous system dopamine levels. Interestingly, web structure was often correlated with a catabolite of tyramine (N-acetyltyramine), suggesting that variation in amine catabolism, and not the concentrations of the amines themselves, may drive individual differences in some traits.
Differences in oxidative status explain variation in thermal acclimation capacity between individual zebrafish (Danio rerio)
1. Evolutionary theory predicts that the capacity to acclimate should be favoured in variable environments. However, perfect compensation for thermal variation is rare and the capacity for thermal acclimation can vary considerably between individuals within natural populations. This variation may be explained by costs associated with acclimation, but it is not clear what these costs are. 2. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress is a cost of acclimation that could explain the variation between individuals in acclimation capacity. We acclimated individual mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki, n = 416) to 18oC and 28oC sequentially, and determined swimming performance at each temperature to evaluate their acclimation capacity. Fish were then acclimated to either cold (18oC) or warm (28oC) conditions, and we increased antioxidant capacities of a subset of fish experimentally by administering N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). We measured H2O2 production, catalase antioxidant activities, and oxidative damage to proteins and membranes. 3. We show that there is significant variation in acclimation capacity between individuals, and that there is a trade-off between acclimation capacity and swimming performance in warm conditions. Mean swimming performance across both acclimation temperatures increased with increasing acclimation capacity, but the increase was small biologically. Hence, greater thermal plasticity (high acclimation capacity) resulted in only minor performance benefits across acclimation conditions. We verified this rather surprising result in replicate populations grown in outdoor mesocosms. 4. ROS production, antioxidant activities, and oxidative damage were higher in cold-acclimated fish, and particularly in those fish with low capacity for acclimation. However, experimentally increasing antioxidant capacities with NAC alleviated these changes to oxidative status, suggesting a causal relationship. Hence, oxidative stress may be a cost that constrains the capacity for acclimation. Together, the performance trade-off and oxidative cost indicate that phenotypic plasticity is not always advantageous in variable environments, and instead bet-hedging may be a more beneficial strategy, particularly in short-lived species.
A brief self-rating scale for the assessment of individual differences in gesture perception and production
<p>Data related to the following publication:</p> <p>Nagels, A., <strong>Kircher, T.</strong>, Steines, M., Grosvald, M., & <strong>Straube, B.</strong> (2015). A brief self-rating scale for the assessment of individual differences in gesture perception and production. <em>Learning and Individual Differences, 39</em>, 73–80.</p> <p> </p> <p>The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was applied to perform a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation.</p> <p>SPSS file: BAG_all_data_220_online.sav includes all relevant data of the E-scale (EP1-EP25) and the BAG scale (GE1-GE12).</p> <p>SPSS script: Syntax_BAG_analyses.sps includes the relevant scripts.</p> <p> </p>
Aracena et al- Epigenetic variation impacts individual differences in the transcriptional response to influenza infection
<p>-Inputs for Github code</p><p>-Full methylation results</p><p>-Full QTL results</p>
Dataset for Interactive Profiling Narrative (IPN) with Toxicity Tolerance Score of each individual user to different categories of toxicity
<p>he dataset is the collection of the results of the Interactive Profiling Narrative that was developed as a part of the project Listener Aware Content Detoxification.<br>It contains the toxicity tolerance scores of each individual user to different categories.<br>High scores indicate that the user is extremely sensitive to the particular category where as low scores indicate that the user isn't that triggered by the category.Medium scores show moderate tolerance.</p> <p>Columns:<br>1.UserId: The unique id given to each user (helps preserve anonymity).<br>2.Race: The user's toxicity tolerance to the category race. High score means racist comment trigger them. <br>3.Sex: The user's toxicity tolerance to the category sexuality. High scores indicate sensitivity to comments on sexual identity.<br>4.Body_image: The user's sensitivity to comments regarding body image. High scores indicate that remarks on body appearance strongly affect the user.<br>5.Disability:The user's sensitivity to comments about disabilities. A high score means the user is highly sensitive to potentially ableist remarks.<br>6.Religion_culture: The user's sensitivity to content involving religion or culture. High scores show the user is easily triggered by insensitive comments about religious or cultural aspects.<br>7.Physical_abuse: User's sensitivity to comments regarding physical abuse. High scores indicate the user is strongly affected by remarks on physical abuse.<br>8.Mental_health: This measures the user's sensitivity to comments on mental health. High scores suggest that the user is particularly affected by comments stigmatizing mental health issues.<br>9.Politics:The user's sensitivity to political content. High scores indicate that political discussions or comments are likely to evoke a strong reaction in the user</p>
Spatial personalities: a meta-analysis of consistent individual differences in spatial behavior
<p>Individual variation in behavior, particularly consistent among-individual differences (i.e., personality), has important ecological and evolutionary implications for population and community dynamics, trait divergence, and patterns of speciation. Nevertheless, individual variation in spatial behaviors, such as home range behavior, movement characteristics, or habitat use has yet to be incorporated into the concepts or methodologies of ecology and evolutionary biology. To evaluate evidence for the existence of consistent among-individual differences in spatial behavior – which we refer to as "spatial personality" – we performed a meta-analysis of 200 repeatability estimates of home range size, movement metrics, and habitat use. We found that the existence of spatial personality is a general phenomenon, with consistently high repeatability (r) across classes of spatial behavior (r = 0.67 - 0.82), taxa (r = 0.31 - 0.79), and time between repeated measurements (r = 0.54 - 0.74). These results suggest: (1) repeatable spatial behavior may either be a cause or consequence of the environment experienced and lead to spatial personalities that may limit the ability of individuals to behaviorally adapt to changing landscapes; (2) interactions between spatial phenotypes and environmental conditions could result in differential reproduction, survival, and dispersal, suggesting that among-individual variation may facilitate population-level adaptation; (3) spatial patterns of species' distributions and spatial population dynamics may be better understood by shifting from a mean field analytical approach towards methods that account for spatial personalities and their associated fitness and ecological dynamics.</p>
Dataset from 'Klever, L., Mamassian, P., & Billino, J. (2022). Age-related differences in visual confidence are driven by individual differences in cognitive control capacities. Scientific Reports, 12, 1-13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09939-7
<p>We provide two files; one data file contains data on which analyses are based, the other one gives the column labels for the data file.</p> <p>___________________________________________<br> For further questions, please contact:<br> lena.klever[at]psychol.uni-giessen.de</p>
Data for: Individual differences in song plasticity in response to social stimuli and singing position
<p>Individual animals can react to the changes in their environment by exhibiting behaviours in an individual-specific way leading to individual differences in phenotypic plasticity. However, the effect of multiple environmental factors on multiple traits is rarely tested. Such a complex approach is necessary to assess the generality of plasticity and to understand how among-individual differences in the ability to adapt to changing environments evolve. This study examined whether individuals adjust different song traits to varying environmental conditions in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis), a passerine with complex song. We also aimed to reveal among-individual differences in behavioural responses by testing whether individual differences in plasticity were repeatable. The presence of general plasticity across traits and/or contexts was also tested. To assess plasticity, we documented 1) short-scale temporal changes in song traits in different social contexts (after exposition to male stimulus, female stimulus or without stimuli), and 2) changes concerning the height from where the bird sang (singing position), used as a proxy of predation risk and acoustic transmission conditions. We found population-level relationships between singing position and both song length and complexity, as well as social context-dependent temporal changes in song length and maximum frequency. We found among-individual differences in plasticity of song length and maximum frequency along both the temporal and positional gradients. These among-individual differences in plasticity were repeatable. Some of the plastic responses correlated across different song traits and environmental gradients. Overall, our results show that the plasticity of bird song 1) depends on the social context, 2) exists along different environmental gradients and 3) there is evidence for trade-offs between the responses of different traits to different environmental variables. Our results highlight the need to consider individual differences and to investigate multiple traits along multiple environmental axes when studying behavioural plasticity. </p>
Six-month stability of individual differences in sports coaches' burnout, self-compassion and social support
<p>Using a three-wave prospective cross-lagged panel design, the study examined the six-month stability of burnout, self-compassion, and social support among sports coaches in terms of measurement invariance, mean-level change, rank-order stability, and structural stability. The participating coaches (<em>N</em> = 422; <em>M<sub>age</sub></em> = 44.48, <em>SD</em> = 11.03) completed an online questionnaire measuring self-compassion, social support, coach burnout, and demographics at baseline and two follow-ups at three months and six months. The various forms of stability were assessed using structural equation modeling. There was no significant mean-level change in burnout, self-compassion, or social support, and all three constructs exhibited measurement invariance. Rank-order stability remained relatively high, ranging from 0.78 to 0.94 across the three time points. For all three constructs, covariances between latent factors were invariant over time, indicating high structural stability. While self-compassion and social support were positively related, both were negatively related to coach burnout. These results confirm the importance of preventing and addressing symptoms of burnout, low self-compassion, and poor social support in sports settings.</p>
Data from: Human food subsidies drive individual specialization and intrapopulation dietary differences in a generalist predator
<p>Generalist species can exhibit individual specialization (IS), where individuals adopt specialized foraging behaviors not attributable to age, sex, or social dominance. While IS increases with the diversity of available foraging resources (ecological opportunity), the potential impact of human food subsidies on ecological opportunity is unknown. We quantified the isotopic niche width of Steller's Jays (Cyanocitta stelleri), a synanthropic predator and dietary generalist, across a gradient of human land-use categories ranging from subsidized (park campgrounds) to unsubsidized (forest interior) habitats in a protected area in California. We asked (1) if isotopic niche width was better predicted by individual foraging behavior than sex, social dominance, or habitat category (indicating IS) and (2) if degree of IS exhibited by jays increased with the availability of human food subsidies. We characterized the isotopic niche space occupied by individual jays relative to the population using carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values. Using linear models, we found that jay diet variation was best explained by individual behavior and habitat use rather than by sex or social dominance. While degree of IS increased with the availability of human foods, individual jays exhibited a variety of foraging behaviors in all habitats that were segregated by foraging stratum and use of human foods. Individual diet also determined the degree of specialization, as jays that specialized on human foods had the narrowest niche width regardless of habitat. Management efforts targeted at generalist wildlife exhibiting large degrees of IS should therefore account for the impact of food subsidies on foraging behavior. Approaches that involve aversive conditioning may fail where highly-specialized individuals are unlikely to encounter treatments, therefore we recommend simultaneous efforts to limit human food subsidies (e.g., information campaigns and improved containment of human food and food waste), and deployment across the largest possible extent of foraging microhabitats and substrates in order to ensure exposure of whole populations to emetic eggs.</p>
Difference between finger prints of type 2 diabetics and healthy individuals
<p>This dataset provides the fingerprint patterns of type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Careful inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select participants so that their fingerprints could be compared for research purposes.</p>
Data from: Individual differences in sociocognitive traits in semi-free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
<p>Characterizing individual differences in cognition is crucial for understanding the evolution of cognition as well as to test the biological consequences of different cognitive traits. Here, we harnessed the strengths of a uniquely large, naturally-living primate population at the Cayo Santiago Biological Field Station to characterized individual differences in rhesus monkey performance across two social cognitive tasks. A total of <em>n</em> = 204 semi-free-ranging adult rhesus monkeys participated in a data collection procedure, where we aimed to test individuals on both tasks at two time-points that were one year apart. In the <em>socioemotional responses task,</em> we assessed monkeys' attention to conspecific photographs with neutral versus negative emotional expressions. We found that monkeys showed overall declines in interest in conspecific photographs with age, but relative increases in attention to threat stimuli specifically, and further that these responses exhibited long-term stability across repeated testing. In the <em>gaze following task</em> we assessed monkeys' propensity to co-orient with an experimenter. Here, we found no evidence for age-related change in responses, and responses showed only limited repeatability over time. Finally, we found some evidence for common individual variation for performance across the tasks: monkeys that showed greater interest in conspecific photographs were more likely to follow a human's gaze. These results show how studies of comparative cognitive development and aging can provide insights into the evolution of cognition, and identify core primate social cognitive traits that may be related across and within individuals.</p>
Links between Gestures and Multisensory Processing: Individual Differences Suggest a Compensation Mechanism
<p>Dataset associated with the following publication:</p> <p>Schmalenbach, S.B., Billino, J., Kircher, T., van Kemenade, B.M.*, Straube, B*. (2017). Links between Gestures and Multisensory Processing: Individual Differences Suggest a Compensation Mechanism. <em>Frontiers in Psychology</em> 8:1828.</p>
Multisensory Number Channels Derived from Individual Differences
<p>This is the dataset related to the article: "Multisensory Number Channels Derived from Individual Differences"</p> <p>The file contains subjects data for the three experiments</p> <p>sub_ID is the participant's identification number<br><br>The subsequent columns indicate Wfs for each tested numerosity in each experiment.</p> <p>M = Digit to Actions Task<br>F = Digit to Visual Sequence Task<br>D = Visual Dot estimation Task<br><br>E.g. M10 indicates the Wf measured for that subjects with tested number 10 in the Motor condition </p>
Shifting the focus from species to individuals in invasion biology: Individual differences in jumping behaviour
<p>Dataset associated with 'Shifting the focus from species to individuals in invasion biology: Individual differences in jumping behaviour' manuscript.</p>
Sensorimotor mechanisms selective to numerosity: evidence from individual differences
<p>This is the dataset related to the article:"Sensorimotor mechanisms selective to numerosity: evidence from individual differences"</p> <p>The file contains subjects Weber Fractions for all of the experiments presented in the paper</p> <p>sub_ID is the participant's identification number</p>
The Effect of Different Exercise Types on Migraine Frequency in Individuals With Migraine
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05568004. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 53.
Data from: Human food subsidies drive individual specialization and intrapopulation dietary differences in a generalist predator
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Foraging sparrows exhibit individual differences but not a syndrome when responding to multiple types of novelty
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.