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109 results for “individual performance”
Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Functional Gait Performance of Individuals After Stroke
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03171272. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Improving Gait Performance in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injuries: an Intervention Using Robotic Exoskeletons
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03011099. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Individual variation in feeding performance and kinematics in the canary
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Data for: Genetic and context-specific effects on individual inhibitory control performance in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
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Data from: Causes and consequences of individual variation: Linking state-dependent life histories to population performance
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Colorful traits in female birds relate to individual condition, reproductive performance, and male mate preferences: A meta-analytic approach dataset
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Data from: Luck in food-finding affects individual performance and population trajectories
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Data from: Along with intraspecific functional trait variation, individual performance is key to resolving community assembly processes
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Colorful traits in avian females, individual condition, reproductive performance, and male mate preferences: A meta-analytic approach
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Age-related reproductive performance of the Adélie Penguin, a long-lived seabird exhibiting similar outcomes regardless of individual life-history strategy
<p>1. Age-related variation in reproductive performance in long-lived iteroparous vertebrate species is common, with performance being influenced by within-individual processes, such as improvement and senescence, in combination with among-individual processes, such as selective appearance and disappearance. Few studies of age-related reproductive performance have compared the role of these drivers within a metapopulation, subject to varying degrees of resource competition.</p> <p>2. We accounted for within- and among-individuals changes among known-aged Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) during 17 years (1997 to 2013), at three clustered colonies of disparate size, to understand patterns in age-related reproductive success during early and late adulthood.</p> <p>3. Age at first reproduction (AFR) was lowest, and number of breeding attempts highest, at the largest colony. Regardless of AFR, success improved with early post-recruitment experience. For both oldest and youngest recruitment groups, peak performance occurred at the end of their reproductive lifespan indicating a possible cost of reproduction. Intermediate recruitment groups reached peak performance in their mid-reproductive lifespan and with intermediate breeding experience, before decreasing. Breeding success was lowest for the initial breeding attempt regardless of AFR, but we observed subsequent variation relative to recruitment age. Gaining experience by delaying recruitment positively influenced reproductive performance early in the reproductive lifespan, and was most evident for the youngest breeders. Oldest recruits had the highest initial and peak breeding success. Differences in AFR resulted in tradeoffs in reproductive lifespan or timing of senescence but not in the overall number of breeding attempts.</p> <p>4. Patterns differed as a function of colony size, and thus competition for resources. Early life improvement in performance at the larger colonies was primarily due to within-individual factors and at the largest colony, AFR. Regardless of colony size late-life performance was positively related to the age at last reproduction, indicating selective disappearance of lower performing individuals.</p> <p>5. These results highlight that different life-history strategies were equally successful, indicating that individuals can overcome potential tradeoffs associated with early- and late-life performance. These results have important implications for understanding the evolution of life-history strategies responsible for driving population change.</p>
With a little help from my friends: individual and collaborative performance during trail clearing in leaf-cutting ants
<p>Social organisms express collaborative behaviours, allowing them to solve problems that exceed their individual capabilities. Group coordination and environmental context are some of the factors that may determine the performance of individual and collaborative strategies. Using the trail-clearing behaviour of leaf-cutting ants, we evaluated experimentally for both strategies whether the success probability and clearing time depend on problem characteristics and context. We placed obstacles of different sizes and shapes (problem characteristics), in trails with different foragers' fluxes and soil roughness (context) in 10 field nests of <i>Atta cephalotes, </i>and<i> </i>compared removal success (i.e. if ants could remove obstacles) and time of individual and collaborative strategies. Very large obstacles could only be removed collaboratively, confirming individual limitations for transporting large objects. For all obstacle shapes, collaborative removals were more successful but took longer, suggesting that coordination among individuals delays these actions. Individual strategies were faster, regardless of ant flux. However, as ant flux increased, removal success was higher for collaborative than for individual removals. Lastly, trail roughness had no effect. This work highlights one advantage of sociality, the option of collaboratively solving problems that exceed the individual abilities. In addition, it reveals the associated costs of joint actions, since they can be time-consuming presumably due to coordination problems.Social organisms express collaborative behaviours, allowing them to solve problems that exceed their individual capabilities. Group coordination and environmental context are some of the factors that may determine the performance of individual and collaborative strategies. Using the trail-clearing behaviour of leaf-cutting ants, we evaluated experimentally for both strategies whether the success probability and clearing time depend on problem characteristics and context. We placed obstacles of different sizes and shapes (problem characteristics), in trails with different foragers' fluxes and soil roughness (context) in 10 field nests of <i>Atta cephalotes, </i>and<i> </i>compared removal success (i.e. if ants could remove obstacles) and time of individual and collaborative strategies. Very large obstacles could only be removed collaboratively, confirming individual limitations for transporting large objects. For all obstacle shapes, collaborative removals were more successful but took longer, suggesting that coordination among individuals delays these actions. Individual strategies were faster, regardless of ant flux. However, as ant flux increased, removal success was higher for collaborative than for individual removals. Lastly, trail roughness had no effect. This work highlights one advantage of sociality, the option of collaboratively solving problems that exceed the individual abilities. In addition, it reveals the associated costs of joint actions, since they can be time-consuming presumably due to coordination problems.</p>
Data from: The shortfall of sociality: group-living affects hunting performance of individual social spiders
Ineffective hunters in cooperative foraging groups may be shielded from natural selection by their more effective group mates, whereas those living solitarily would starve and thus be removed from the population. The problem may be exacerbated in large groups where it may be easier for individuals to withhold participation. Group foragers may thus be ineffective individual hunters or exhibit greater inter-individual variation in hunting abilities, in particular when living in large groups. We test these hypotheses in spider species of the genus Anelosimus that differ in their level of sociality and, among social species, in colonies of different sizes. We found that individuals from the more social species, and those from larger groups, reacted more slowly to prey than those from solitary species or small groups. Individuals from these categories also had greater inter-individual variation in reaction times. Individuals from large social groups also had lower prey capture success than those from small ones. These differences may have been driven by the size of the group from which the social individuals were taken, as those from small colonies behaved similarly to individuals of the two less social species. This finding suggests that hunting ability may develop as a phenotypically plastic trait.
Data from: Individual consumption of supplemental food as a predictor of reproductive performance and viral infection intensity
1.Supplemental food is often provided to threatened species in order to maintain or enhance reproductive fitness and thus population growth. However, its impact on individual reproductive fitness is rarely evaluated, despite being associated with both positive and negative consequences. 2. We used stable isotope analyses to characterise the relative proportional consumption of supplemental food and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to assess beak and feather disease viral infection intensity among parakeets. Life-history and nest-site data from a long-term monitoring effort was incorporated. 3. Older females benefitted the most from supplemental feeding; demonstrated by a greater reproductive uplift than younger females. There were no strong predictors of viral infection levels among nestlings. 4. Reproductive fitness, measured by the number of fledglings produced per brood, was positively associated with proportional dietary content of supplemental food among adult parakeets and breeding pairs that nested closer to feeding stations consumed more supplemental food than those nesting further away. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates that supplementary feeding can lead to an overall increase in population growth. However, by characterising individual consumption, we also reveal subtle patterns of use and differential benefits on reproductive fitness within a population. Manipulating the delivery of supplemental food may help to reduce demand on finite resources or target the proportion of a population that derives the most benefit, but is associated with trade-offs in fecundity. For example the use of, and access to feeding stations could potentially be targeted towards specific individuals or, positioned in the habitats most deficient in native food. However, increasing reproductive fitness in one component of the population may be accompanied by a decrease in another. This knowledge can be incorporated into adaptive management strategies that aim to fulfil specific objectives associated with species recovery and long-term viability as long as the relative importance of each objective is be considered.
Data from: Individual performance in relation to cytonuclear discordance in a northern contact zone between long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) lineages
Cytonuclear discordance in contact zones between related lineages is common, with mitochondrial clines often being displaced from clines in nuclear allele frequency. Proposed explanations for such a pattern include adaptive introgression of mtDNA or a neutral wake of mtDNA being left behind following hybrid zone movement. However, studies investigating these hypotheses are rare. Our previous survey of genetic variation in the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) highlighted a potential case of cytonuclear discordance between two lineages in western Canada. Here, we use additional markers and samples to clarify the extent of this discordance. We simultaneously assess the feeding performance of individuals in a common environment to test for an association between mitotype and individual performance. The genetic results confirm a general pattern of cytonuclear discordance in the focal region. However, we also observed more limited introgression of a diagnostic nuclear marker. Intriguingly, although there were differences in individual performance associated with the transition between mitotypes, these differences were not fully explained by mitotype. Instead, the lowest performance was observed in individuals demonstrating the greatest mismatch between mtDNA and all nuclear markers, suggesting the potential for cytonuclear incompatibilities to be acting. These results highlight the complexity of understanding the causes and consequences of mtDNA introgression and cytonuclear discordance in contact zones.
Predictors of individual performance and evolutionary potential of life-history traits in a hematophagous ectoparasite
<p>Little is known about the intraspecific variation of parasite life-history traits and on how this variation may affect parasite fitness and evolution. We investigated how life-history traits predict success of individual tree-hole ticks <i>Ixodes arboricola</i> and estimated their evolutionary potential, as well as genetic correlations within stages and phenotypic correlations within and across stages. Ticks were followed individually over two generations while allowed to feed on great tits <i>Parus major</i>. After accounting for host and tick maternal effects, we found that short feeding times and high engorgement weights strongly increased moulting success. Also, moulting time was positively correlated with feeding success in adults. In larvae and nymphs we found negative phenotypic correlations between engorgement weight and both feeding and moulting time, the latter supported by a negative genetic correlation. We found sex-related differences in feeding time (longer in male nymphs) and moulting time (longer in male larvae but shorter in male nymphs). Also, time since the last feeding event (set experimentally) reduced larval and nymphal fitness while it increased adult female fitness. Furthermore, we found significant heritability and evolvability, i.e. the potential to respond to selection, for engorgement weight and moulting time across all stages but no significant heritability for feeding time. Our findings suggest that variation in tick fitness is shaped by consistent individual differences in tick quality, for which engorgement weight is a good proxy, rather than by life-history trade-offs.</p>
Clinical Investigation on Feasibility and Usability of the ABLE Exoskeleton Device for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury to Perform Skills for Home and Community Environments
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05643313. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Left/Right Neck Judgment Performance in Individuals With Neck Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05750472. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 20.
The Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Ability of Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes to Perform Exercise
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02206074. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of Overload Eccentric and Concentric Resistance Training on the Cost of Walking, Muscle-tendon and Jumping Performance in Healthy Older Individuals
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06838481. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Observation of Acute Cardiopulmonary Effects in Healthy Individuals Performing Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPX) During Whole Body Vibration (WBV)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04162054. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.