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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Figure 2 in Specifics of life cycle and damage of Oligonychus ununguis (Acari: Tetranychidae) on introduced species of coniferous plants in conditions of megalopolis

Figure 2. Relationship between shoot growth of P. menziesii var. viridis Franco plants and the level of damage caused by O. ununguis.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Figure 3 in Specifics of life cycle and damage of Oligonychus ununguis (Acari: Tetranychidae) on introduced species of coniferous plants in conditions of megalopolis

Figure 3. Hydrothermal coefficient (HC) values for periods after the threshold temperature of 10 ℃ (2012– 2016).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Figure 1 in Specifics of life cycle and damage of Oligonychus ununguis (Acari: Tetranychidae) on introduced species of coniferous plants in conditions of megalopolis

Figure 1. Density levels (%) of Oligonychus ununguis on host plants of species and subspecies of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss. in the Fomin Botanical Garden (2012–2016).

opencc-by-4.0May 2021View details →

The widespread trade in stingless beehives may introduce them into novel places and could threaten species

Dataset used in The widespread trade in stingless beehives may introduce them into novel places and could threaten species published in Journal of Applied Ecology (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14108">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14108</a>).

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The diversity and distribution of introduced plant species reflects eight thousand years of settlement history

Human population has affected natural ecosystems since prehistoric times in many ways, causing disturbances in existing ecosystems and creating novel habitats, and altering the colonisation and extinction rates with potentially long-lasting effects on biodiversity. Here, we explored the pervasive effects of past human occupancy on present-day diversity and the distribution of plant species introduced by humans in the distant past – archaeophytes – at the regional spatial scale. We analysed spatial relations between the present-day species richness of archaeophytes and native flora, the environmental setting, archaeological evidence, and the relationship between the residence time of archaeophytes and their regional range size. We used fine-scaled gridded information on plant diversity and archaeological records for the period 6000 BCE to 1000 CE summarised as average occupancy probability (AOP) in Czechia, Central Europe. The proportion of archaeophytes in local flora positively correlated to AOP. Variation partitioning revealed largely overlapping effects of AOP, environmental conditions, and present-day land use on the relative diversity of archaeophytes in local flora. The relationship between the minimum residence time of introduced species and their regional range size was weak and non-significant. Synthesis. Our results suggest that the present-day regional diversity of archaeophytes mirrors the intensity of past human settlement. However, the main underlying mechanism is the dispersal and environmental filtering of non-native species pools, while dispersal limitation plays a minor role in the regional patterns of archaeophyte diversity.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2015View details →

Fig. 4 in Two Asian freshwater snails newly introduced into South Africa and an analysis of alien species reported to date

Fig. 4. Gyraulus chinensis from Amatikulu. Live specimens (4A–B, photos: H. Madsen) and specimen preserved in 70 % ethanol (4C, photo: N. Miranda). The shell of the specimen in 4B shows patches of erosion. Note the pigmented mantle in both live and preserved specimens.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2015View details →

Fig 3 in Two Asian freshwater snails newly introduced into South Africa and an analysis of alien species reported to date

Fig 3. (A) Tree based on 533 nucleotides of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mtDNA of lymnaeid samples, with the outgroup Planorbis corneus. (B) Tree based on 360 nucleotides of the mt 16S rDNA of lymnaeid samples, with the outgroup Stagnicola elodes. Numbers on branches represent Bayesian posterior probabilities percentages, neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony bootstrap values, respectively. Only values greater than 50 % are shown; * indicates support of <50 % for distance analysis. Figures adapted from Nadasan (2011). RRA – lymnaeid samples from Amatikulu, South Africa; LND – lymnaeid samples from Durban, South Africa.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2018View details →

Figure 1 in On the occurrence of the Synodontis eupterus (Mochokidae) in the Adriatic drainage system of Croatia: a case of an introduced aquarium species and suggestions for alien species detection measures

Figure 1. – Synodontis eupterus (from Mala Neretva River) (TL = 193 mm) (catalogue number SE-IOR 8112017).

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The diversity and distribution of introduced plant species reflects eight thousand years of settlement history

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publicDec 2022View details →

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Introduced bees (Osmia cornifrons) collect pollen from both coevolved and novel host-plant species within their family-level phylogenetic preferences

Studying the pollen preferences of introduced bees allows us to investigate how species utilize host-plants when establishing in new environments. Osmia cornifrons is a solitary bee introduced into North America from East-Asia for pollination of crops in the Rosaceae. We investigated whether O. cornifrons 1) more frequently collected pollen from host-plant species they coevolved with from their geographic origin, or 2) prefer hosts-plant species of specific plant taxa independent of origin. To address this question, using pollen metabarcoding we examined the identity and relative abundance of pollen in larval provisions from nests located in different habitats with varying abundance of East-Asian and non-Asian plant species. Our results show that O. cornifrons disproportionately, yet not exclusively, collected pollen from their native range. Plants in the family Rosaceae were their most preferred pollen hosts, where they differentially collected species native to East-Asia, Europe, or North America depending on the landscape. Our results suggest that while O. cornifrons more frequently collect pollen of East-Asian origin, the collection of pollen from novel species within their phylogenetic familial affinities can facilitate pollinator establishment. This phylogenetic preference highlights the effectiveness of O. cornifrons as crop pollinators of a variety of Rosaceae crops from different geographic origins. Ourresults imply that globalization of non-native plant species may ease the naturalization of their coevolved pollinators outside of their native range.

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Selection on individuals of introduced species starts before introduction

Biological invasion is a global problem with large negative impacts on ecosystems and human societies. When a species is introduced, individuals will first have to pass through the invasion stages of uptake and transport, before actual introduction in a non-native range. Selection is predicted to act during these earliest stages of biological invasion, potentially influencing the invasiveness and/or impact of introduced populations. Despite this potential impact of pre-introduction selection, empirical tests are virtually lacking. To test the hypothesis of pre-introduction selection, we followed the fate of individuals during capture, initial acclimation, and captivity in two bird species with several invasive populations originating from the international trade in wild-caught pets (the weavers Ploceus melanocephalus and Euplectes afer). We confirm that pre-introduction selection acts on a wide range of physiological, morphological, behavioral and demographic traits (incl. sex, age, size of body/brain/bill, bill shape, body mass, corticosterone levels, and escape behavior); these are all traits which likely affect invasion success. Our study thus comprehensively demonstrates the existence of hitherto ignored selection acting before the actual introduction into non-native ranges. This could ultimately change the composition and functioning of introduced populations, and therefore warrants greater attention. More knowledge on pre-introduction selection also might provide novel targets for the management of invasive species, if pre-introduction filters can be adjusted to change the quality and/or quantity of individuals passing through such that invasion probability and/or impacts are reduced.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Data and code from: Similar trait-based successional assembly in native and introduced plants despite species pool differences

What drives the composition of invaded communities and the local abundance of introduced species are key questions in ecology. Community-assembly theory provides a useful framework for addressing these questions. Specifically, the environmental filtering model of community assembly predicts that a species' presence and abundance in a community depends on the interaction between its functional traits and the local environmental filters. However, for introduced species, larger-scale dispersal and introduction-related filters may restrict their regional trait pool. Here we tested this framework using long-term data from 50+ years of old-field vegetation succession. We asked whether native and introduced plant assemblages followed the same trait-based assembly rules. We also asked whether local functional dissimilarities between the two can be explained by regional species pool differences, a possibility that has rarely been addressed. We found strong similarities in the assembly processes of native and introduced plants. Average height and seed mass of both groups increased over time, consistent with previous studies of old-field succession. Moreover, the two showed similar trait-abundance relationships. While there were also some differences, particularly in their trait-incidence relationships, these differences appeared to be minor.Further, we identified species pool constraints on introduced species, and found that the exotic species pool was biased towards early successional traits. Lastly, we found that highly invasive exotic species were also likely to deviate from the expected trait-abundance relationship, suggesting a link between the two. These results suggest that introduced species generally follow the same assembly rules as native species. They also indicate that species pool differences can result in local functional composition differences, even when the two groups follow the same assembly rules. Moreover, there may be a link between species invasiveness and deviation from assembly rules, which, if further confirmed, provides a potential method of identifying strong invaders.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

How extreme drought events , introduced species, and disease interact to impact influence threatened amphibian populations

Long term dataset of amphibian breeding in the Bay Area of California. We used this  7-y dataset (2013–2019) on amphibian breeding activity that encompassed a recent extreme drought event to assess 1) how breeding activities of these taxa differed during and after drought conditions and 2) the additive and interactive relationships of drought, chytrid fungal infection (Bd), and invasive species with the presence and abundance of larval amphibians.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Chronic browsing by an introduced mammalian herbivore in a tropical island alters species composition and functional traits of forest understory plant communities

Mammalian herbivores have large-scale impacts on vegetation, altering structure and species composition, especially in tropical grasslands and savannas. However, there is limited understanding of the potential impacts of mammalian herbivores in tropical wet forests, where they are typically less abundant. We investigated the effects of an introduced mammalian herbivore chital (Axis axis) on vegetation structure, composition and leaf functional traits of tropical evergreen forests of the Andaman Islands, India. Across seven islands, representing a gradient of herbivore densities, increasing chital presence was associated with decreased understory richness, understory density and adult tree richness, but was not related to adult tree density or size class distributions. We also found a significant decrease in community-level leaf palatability traits (specific leaf area decreased and leaf thickness increased) with increasing chital habitat use. This community-level shift in leaf trait values was better explained by intra-specific variation in leaf traits across islands rather than changes in species composition. In summary, we show persistent long-term impacts of an introduced mammalian herbivore on understory tropical tree communities although there is little impact on adult tree communities. Our results also show that functional traits of species can be altered in response to novel herbivory, even at herbivore densities where there are no detectable impacts on adult forest structure or composition. Such altered functional traits may potentially alter ecosystem functioning in these forests even without changes in vegetation structure.

Figure 6 in A preliminary survey and range extension of millipedes species introduced in Brazil (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)

Figure 6. (A) Prosopodesmus jacobsoni, gonopod in mesal view (after Silvestri, 1910); (B) Glyphiulus granulatus, anterior gonopods in posterior view; (C) Trachyjulus calvus, anterior gonopods in anterior view; (D) Trachyjulus calvus, posterior gonopods in anterior view (after Schubart, 1946); (E) Leptogoniulus sorornus, anterior gonopods in anterior view; (F) Leptogoniulus sorornus, telopodite of left posterior gonopod in anterior view (after Shelley & Lehtinen, 1999). Scale bars: 20 µm (B); 100 µm (C, D); 750 µm (E); 1 mm (F). Image (A) not to scale.

Figure 5 in A preliminary survey and range extension of millipedes species introduced in Brazil (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)

Figure 5. (A) Oxidus gracilis, gonopod in mesal view; (B) Orthomorpha coarctata, gonopod in mesal view; (C) Trigoniulus corallinus, anterior gonopods in anterior view; (D) Trigoniulus corallinus, telopodite of left posterior gonopod in anterior view; (E) Rhinotus purpureus, anterior gonopod in posterior view; (F) Rhinotus purpureus, posterior gonopod in posterior view. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B, E, F); 750 µm (C); 1 mm (D).

Figure 3 in A preliminary survey and range extension of millipedes species introduced in Brazil (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)

Figure 3. Introduced species in Brazil: (A) Brazilian regions; (B) Proportion of species by states and regions; (C) Richness by grid 1°×1°. See Table 1 for the abbreviations of the states.

Figure 4 in A preliminary survey and range extension of millipedes species introduced in Brazil (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)

Figure 4. Introduced species in Brazil, habitus: (A) Orthomorpha coarctata; (B) Oxidus gracilis; (C, D) Glyphiulus granulatus; (E) Trigoniulus corallinus; (F) Rhinotus purpureus. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, E); 500 µm (C, D); 200 µm (F).

Figure 2 in A preliminary survey and range extension of millipedes species introduced in Brazil (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)

Figure 2. Distribution maps of Trigoniulus corallinus, Leptogoniulus sorornus (Spirobolida, Pachybolidae), Cylindroiulus truncorum (Julida, Julidae), Paraspirobolus lucifugus (Spirobolida, Spirobolellidae), and Rhinotus purpureus (Polyzoniida, Siphonotidae).

Figure 1 in A preliminary survey and range extension of millipedes species introduced in Brazil (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)

Figure 1. Distribution maps of Oxidus gracilis, Orthomorpha coarctata (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), Prosopodesmus jacobsoni (Polydesmida, Haplodesmidae), Glyphiulus granulatus (Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae), Trachyjulus calvus (Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae), Epitrigoniulus cruentatus (Spirobolida, Pachybolidae), and Cylindroiulus britannicus (Julida, Julidae).