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143 results for “invasion success”
Figure 7 in Feeding mechanics in Triassic stem-group sauropterygians: the anatomy of a successful invasion of Mesozoic seas
Figure 7. Hypothetical reconstruction of the jaw adductor musculature in Neusticosaurus edwardsii. A–C, Successively deeper layers of dissection. Abbreviations: amem, m. adductor mandibulae externus medialis; amep, m. adductor mandibulae externus profundus; ames-1b, 1b-portion of m. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis; amp, m. adductor mandibulae posterior; bo.ap, bodenaponeurosis; dm, depressor mandibulae; m.ps, m. pseudotemporalis; m.pt, m. pterygoideus; V2, maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve; V3, mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve.
Data from: Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant invasion success driven by nitrogen fluctuations
<p>Both enemies and mutualists play crucial roles in shaping plant invasion processes. Recent studies have suggested that resource fluctuations could indirectly promote plant invasion through higher trophic levels, such as enemies. However, the influence of mutualists like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant invasion under nitrogen fluctuations remains untested.</p> <p>We conducted a pot-mesocosm experiment using a three-factorial experimental design to assess the individual and interactive effects of nitrogen availability, nitrogen fluctuation and AMF on invasive success of alien plants. We grew nine invasive alien species alongside five different native communities in pot-mesocosms. These were then subjected to varied nitrogen availabilities (low vs high), nitrogen fluctuations (constant vs pulsed), and AMF presence or absence within a sterile substrate.</p> <p>We found that pulsed nitrogen supply increased the dominance of invasive alien species in low-nitrogen availability, regardless of the presence or absence of AMF inoculation. However, in high-nitrogen availability, pulsed nitrogen supply only enhanced this dominance in pots without AMF-inoculation. This was tentatively evidenced by the three-way interaction among nitrogen-availability, nitrogen-fluctuation and AMF-inoculation treatments. Furthermore, the dominance promotion by nitrogen addition was greater than that by AMF inoculation.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our findings present, for the first time, evidence that AMF may play a crucial role in mediating the promotion effects of nitrogen fluctuations on alien plant invasion. To better understand the invasion process of alien plants and evaluate their impact on native communities, future research should integrate abiotic and biotic drivers into a single framework. Furthermore, our findings underscore the importance of prioritizing habitats with higher nutrient availability and variability for protection against alien plant invasions.</p>
Data from: Predicting invasion success of cultivated naturalized plants in China
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Invasion success and tolerance to urbanization in birds
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Data from: Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant invasion success driven by nitrogen fluctuations
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SBC LTER: REEF: Data to support "Niche Complementarity and Resistance to Grazing Promote the Invasion Success of Sargassum horneri in North America"
These data describe the results of surveys and manipulative experiments performed to investigate how niche complementarity, competition, and herbivory influence the success of the invasive seaweed Sargassum horneri. This data package includes five data tables and they are used to support the manuscript: Marks LM, Reed DC, Holbrook SJ (2020) Niche Complementarity and Resistance to Grazing Promote the Invasion Success of Sargassum horneri in North America. Diversity, 12(2)
Evidence for an extreme founding effect in a highly successful invasive species: data and R code
<p>The adaptive potential of invasive species is thought to decrease during founding events due to reduced genetic diversity, limiting the new population's ability to colonize novel habitats. Barbary ground squirrels (<i>Atlantoxerus getulus</i>) were purportedly introduced as a single breeding pair to the island of Fuerteventura but have expanded to over a million individuals spread across the island in just over 50 years. We estimated the number of founders and measured the level of genetic diversity in this population using the mitochondrial displacement loop and microsatellite markers. Island samples (<i>n</i> = 19) showed no variation in the d-loop, suggesting a single founding female, while Moroccan samples (<i>n</i> = 6) each had unique mitochondrial haplotypes. The microsatellite data of the island population (<i>n</i> = 256 individuals) revealed a small effective population size, low levels of heterozygosity, and high levels of inbreeding, supporting a founding population size of two to three individuals. Our results suggest that <i>A. getulus</i> has undergone an intense genetic bottleneck during their colonization of the island. They are one of the few species where introduction effort does not explain invasion success, although further investigation may explain how they have avoided the worst expected effects following an extreme genetic bottleneck.</p>
Demographic analysis of invasible habitat fraction identifies context-dependent roles of resource availability and biotic resistance in determining invasion success
<p>Theories of plant invasions predict that plant communities should be more easily invaded when resources increase and/or competition decreases. We tested this with an experimentally introduced plant population by manipulating precipitation and resident community biomass. We used a spatially-explicit demographic approach to develop a new population-level metric of invasibility that quantifies the invasible habitat fraction (IHF) across the landscape.</p> <p>The existing community was essentially uninvasible (median IHF ≈ 0%), but experimental manipulations greatly increased the range of outcomes, with maximum observed IHF values over 50%. However, changes in invasibility were often context-dependent, resulting in some outcomes that aligned with existing theory, and others that were not readily predicted. Moreover, variation in invasibility was often driven by specific sets of invader demographic vital rates.</p> <p>Removing competitors revealed the capacity for strong biotic resistance, but this interacted with precipitation such that little biotic resistance was detected under drought conditions. Adding precipitation typically had little positive effect on invasibility, and moderate drought relief led to relatively high invasibility. However, the latter was driven to a large extent by interactions with mammal herbivory that otherwise inhibited invasion in one year.</p> <p><i>Synthesis</i>. Our findings show that interactions between abiotic and biotic factors, as well as legacy effects, can strongly mediate invasibility. This study also highlights the importance of incorporating spatial heterogeneity into population-level assessments of invasion, as initial population declines do not necessarily indicate resistance to invasion.</p>
Propagule composition regulates the success of an invasive seaweed across a heterogeneous seascape
<p>1. Propagule pressure is acknowledged as a key determinant of invasion success. Nonetheless, the role of morphological or physiological attributes of propagules (i.e., their quality) in regulating invader establishment has been little explored. In particular, no study has investigated how the presence of propagules differing in quality within an inoculum influences establishment across heterogeneous landscapes.</p> <p>2. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that the quality (+Fronds+Rhizoids; +Fronds–Rhizoids; –Fronds+Rhizoids) and the diversity (1, 2, 3 fragment types) of vegetative fragments of the seaweed <i>Caulerpa taxifolia</i> determine their establishment success across seascapes consisting of bare sediments and patches of the seagrass <i>Zostera muelleri</i> exposed to different disturbance intensities (control, seagrass canopy clipping and total removal).</p> <p>3. After 6 weeks, seaweed biomass, stolon and frond length, frond and rhizoid number were generally greater in unvegetated habitats (bare sediments and total seagrass removal) than full or reduced seagrass canopies. The type and the diversity of types of fragments inoculated had significant effects on the final biomass and morphological features of <i>C. taxifolia</i> only in vegetated habitats. In control plots, inocula of fragments retaining both fronds and rhizoids achieved higher biomass, developed longer stolons and more fronds. In canopy clipping plots, mixed inocula of +Fronds+Rhizoids and –Fronds+Rhizoids fragments had the greatest biomass and stolon length.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Assessing how propagules differing in quality perform in different habitats might be not sufficient to draw a comprehensive picture of invasion risk, as their establishment can be modulated by both negative and positive interactions among them. Propagule composition should be, therefore, considered as a further dimension of propagule pressure. Our results also suggest that the relevance of specific propagule traits for invader establishment decreases from intact to degraded habitats. Considering propagule size in terms of amount of competent propagules, rather than an absolute measure, would refine our ability of predicting invasion risk across habitats differing in biotic or abiotic conditions.</p>
Data from: Fast life history traits promote invasion success in amphibians and reptiles
Competing theoretical models make different predictions on which life history strategies facilitate growth of small populations. While 'fast' strategies allow for rapid increase in population size and limit vulnerability to stochastic events, 'slow' strategies and bet-hedging may reduce variance in vital rates in response to stochasticity. We test these predictions using biological invasions since founder alien populations start small, compiling the largest dataset yet of global herpetological introductions and life history traits. Using state-of-the-art phylogenetic comparative methods, we show that successful invaders have fast traits, such as large and frequent clutches, at both establishment and spread stages. These results, together with recent findings in mammals and plants, support 'fast advantage' models and the importance of high potential population growth rate. Conversely, successful alien birds are bet-hedgers. We propose that transient population dynamics and differences in longevity and behavioural flexibility can help reconcile apparently contrasting results across terrestrial vertebrate classes.
Data from: Effects of grass functional diversity on invasion success by exotic grasses in Cerrado grasslands
<ol> <li>Invasive species pose significant challenges to successful restoration efforts worldwide. A strategy to reduce invasions is to establish communities consisting of species with varied ecological strategies. These strategies typically align along the conservative and plant size axes, and more recently, along a belowground collaboration axis. However, we lack understanding of how the diverse ecological strategies of Cerrado grass species, their combinations, and their interactions with soil conditions can mitigate invasions.</li> <li>Here, we investigated how native grass communities composed of species with different ecological strategies affect the invasion success in two soil types of abandoned pastures in the Cerrado. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that greater above- and belowground functional diversity reduces exotic species invasion. We also evaluated whether the isolated effects of native species on invasion were positive or negative.</li> <li>We installed an experiment with species richness ranging from zero to eight native grass species. In November 2019, we sowed species combinations to create communities composed by species with different ecological strategies. We quantified the aboveground biomass of exotic species as a measure of invasion. To characterize the species' ecological strategies, we measured five functional traits.</li> <li>Functional diversity of maximum height and specific root length (SRL) had the highest predictive power, however, the most parsimonious model included only SRL diversity, which represents the collaboration axis. Native aboveground biomass was also negatively related to exotic species biomass. Furthermore, invasion was greater in less stressful soil conditions but did not interact with diversity. The effect of native species varied from facilitation to competition, with the annual fast-growing native species favouring invasion.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Our results show that greater functional diversity of combined above- and belowground traits reduces invasion success, shedding light on an underexplored role of SRL diversity. The competitive and facilitative effects of different native species highlight the need for careful selection of the species to be used in restoration programs. Furthermore, the absence of interaction between diversity and soil types highlights the need for an integrated management of the functional composition and edaphic factors to increase resistance to invasion in these Neotropical grass communities.</li> </ol>
Polyploidization-enhanced effective clonal reproduction endows the successful invasion of Solidago canadensis
Clonality and ploidy levels are positively associated with plant invasiveness. However, there is still no consensus on whether polyploidization can promote the invasion of alien plants by enhancing clonality. Our recent long-term community succession study found that the more vigorous clone of introduced polyploid Solidago canadensis succeeded into mono-dominant community, which seems to be a positive correlationship between polyploidization and clonal reproduction. However, how polyploidization improves the clonal reproduction of S. canadensis remains unknown. Here, we compared clonal growth ability among diploids and polyploids of S. canadensis from native and introduced ranges in a common garden. Results showed that the rhizomes of S. canadensis originated from axillary buds of dense nodes at the basal stem of seedling and then produced into clonal ramets. Diploids had denser nodes and more buds, developed more rhizomes per unit mass and produced more clonal propagules at the early growth stage compared with polyploids. However, the number of juvenile and secondary rhizomes, as well as the diameter and length of rhizomes in polyploid populations was significant higher than those of diploids, and those clonal traits in introduced polyploids were significant higher than in native polyploids. Moreover, a phalanx growth form was observed in native and introduced diploid populations, which allocated about 3% and 5% of the total biomass to rhizomes, respectively, resulting in short and weak rhizomes. However, native and introduced polyploids allocated about 35% and 40%, respectively, of the total biomass to rhizomes, resulting in long and strong rhizomes, which were guerrilla growth forms. This study firstly shows that polyploidization enhanced the effective clonal reproduction of S. canadensis through pre-adaptation and rapid post-adaptation evolution, and consequently contributed to its successful invasion.
Clonal functional traits favor the invasive success of alien plants into native communities
<p><span>Functional traits are frequently proposed to determine the invasiveness of alien species. However, few empirical studies have directly manipulated functional traits and tested their importance in the invasion success of alien species into native plant communities, particularly under global change. We manipulated clonal integration (a key clonal functional trait) of four alien clonal plants by severing inter-ramet connections or keeping them intact, and simulated their invasion into native plant communities with two levels of species diversity, population density and nutrient availability</span><span>. High community diversity and density impeded the invasion success of the alien clonal plants. Clonal integration of the alien plants promoted their invasion success, particularly in the low-density communities associated with low species diversity or nutrient addition, which resulted in a negative correlation between performance of alien plants and native communities, as expected under global change. Thus, clonal integration can favor the invasion success of alien clonal plants into degraded resident communities with </span><span>a high degree of disturbance</span><span> and eutrophication. Our findings confirm the role of clonal</span><span> functional traits in facilitating alien plant invasions into native plant communities, and suggest that </span><span>clonal functional traits should be considered to efficiently restore degraded communities heavily invaded by alien clonal plants.</span></p>
Data belonging to "Successful invasion: camera trap distance sampling reveals higher density for invasive raccoon dog compared to native mesopredators"
<p>Data files (comma separated text files) containing the camera data (CameraData) containing the information on camera trap placements in the various sites and their operation time in days and aperture, the distance sampling data (DistanceData) containing the information on the species and distance detected for each 1s time interval in front of each camera, and the trigger data (TriggerData) containing the time stamps for the pictures taken of each species with each camera, collected in the years 2020 and 2021 in southern Finland. The repository further contains an R script "distanceSamplingScript" which uses the reposited above-described files for analysis reported in the publication "Successful invasion: camera trap distance sampling reveals higher density for invasive raccoon dog compared to native mesopredators" https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-024-03323-4. The R script has been confirmed to run in R version 4.3.3 using packages "activity" vs 1.3.4 and "Distance" vs 1.0.9</p>
Data for: Population genomic insights into invasion success in the polyphagous agricultural pest, Halyomorpha halys
<p>Invasive species are increasingly threatening ecosystems and agriculture by rapidly expanding their range and adapting to environmental and human-imposed selective pressures. The genomic mechanisms that underlie such rapid changes remain unclear, especially for agriculturally important pests. Here<span>,</span> we use genome-wide polymorphisms derived from native, invasive<span>,</span> and intercepted <span>samples and </span>populations of the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), <em>Halyomorpha</em> <em>halys</em>, to gain insights into population genomics processes that <span>have promoted</span> the successful global invasion of this polyphagous pest. Our analysis demonstrated that BMSB <span>exhibits spatial</span> structure but admixture rates are high among introduced populations, resulting in similar levels of genomic diversity across native and introduced populations. These spatial genomic patterns suggest a complex invasion scenario<span>, potentially</span> with multiple bridgehead events<span>, posing </span>a challenge for accurately assigning BMSB incursions to their source using reduced-representation genomic data. By associating allele frequencies with the invasion status of BMSB populations, we found significantly differentiated SNPs located in <span>close </span>proximity <span>to</span> genes for insecticide resistance and olfaction. <span>Comparing</span> variations in allele frequencies among populations for outlier SNPs suggests that BMSB invasion success has likely evolved from standing genetic variation. In addition to being a major nuisance of households, BMSB has caused significant economic losses to agriculture in recent years and continues to expand its range. Despite no record of BMSB insecticide resistance to date, our results show <span>high capacity for potential </span>evolution <span>of such characters</span>, highlighting the need for future sustainable and targeted management strategies.</p>
An invasive seagrass drives its own success in two invaded seas by both negatively affecting native seagrasses and benefiting from those costs
<p>The nature and strength of interactions between native and invasive species can determine invasion success. Species interactions can drive, prevent or facilitate invasion, making understanding the nature and outcome of these interactions critical. We conducted mesocosm experiments to test the outcome of interactions between <em>Halophila</em> <em>stipulacea</em>, a seagrass that invaded the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas, and native seagrasses (<em>Cymodocea</em> <em>nodosa</em> and <em>Syringodium</em> <em>filiforme</em>, respectively) to elucidate mechanisms explaining the successful invasions. Mesocosms contained intact cores with species grown either mixed or alone. Overall, in both locations, there was a pattern of the invasive growing faster with the native than when alone, while also negatively affecting the native, with similar patterns for shoot density, aboveground and belowground biomass. In the Caribbean, <em>H. stipulacea</em> increased by 5.6 ± 1.0 SE shoots in 6 weeks when grown with the native while, when alone, there was a net loss of −0.8 ± 1.6 SE shoots. The opposite pattern occurred for <em>S. filiforme</em>, although these differences were not significant. While the pattern in the Mediterranean was the same as the Caribbean, with the invasive grown with the native increasing shoots more than when it grew alone, these differences for shoots were not significant. However, when measured as aboveground biomass, <em>H</em>. <em>stipulacea</em> had negative effects on the native <em>C. nodosa</em>. Our results suggest that a seagrass that invaded two seas may drive its own success by both negatively affecting native seagrasses and benefiting from that negative interaction. This is a novel example of a native seagrass species facilitating the success of an invasive at its own cost, providing one possible mechanism for the widespread success of this invasive species.</p>
Investigating the effects of whole genome duplication on phenotypic plasticity: Implications for the invasion success of Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)
<p>Polyploidy commonly occurs in invasive species and phenotypic plasticity (PP, the ability to alter one's phenotype in different environments), is predicted to be enhanced in polyploids and contribute to their invasive success. However, empirical support that increased PP is frequent in polyploids and/or confers invasive success is limited. Here, we investigated if polyploids are more pre-adapted to become invasive than diploids via the scaling of trait values and PP with ploidy-level, and if post-introduction selection has led to a divergence in trait values and PP responses between native- and non-native cytotypes. We grew diploid, tetraploid (from both native North American and non-native European ranges), and hexaploid <em>Solidago gigantea</em> in pots outside with low, medium, and high soil nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) amendments, and measured traits related to growth, asexual reproduction, physiology, and insects/pathogen resistance. We found little evidence to suggest that polyploidy and post-selection shaped mean trait and PP responses. To examine invasion dynamics, we compared diploids to tetraploids (as their introduction into Europe was more likely), and found that tetraploids had greater pathogen resistance, photosynthetic capacities, and water-use efficiencies and generally performed better under NP enrichments. Furthermore, tetraploids invested more into roots than shoots in low NP and into shoots than roots in high NP and this resource strategy is beneficial under variable NP conditions. Lastly, native-tetraploids exhibited greater plasticity in biomass accumulation, clonal-ramet production and water-use efficiency. Cumulatively, tetraploid <em>S. gigantea</em> possesses traits that might have pre-disposed and enabled them to become successful invaders. Our findings highlight that trait expression and invasive species dynamics are nuance while also providing insight into the invasion success and cyto-geographic patterning of <em>S. gigantea </em>that can be broadly applied to other invasive species with polyploid complexes.</p>
Data from: Successful recovery of native plants post-invasive removal in forest understories is driven by native community features
<p>Temperate forest understories hold the majority of the plant diversity present in these ecosystems and play an essential role in the recruitment and establishment of native trees. However, the long-term persistence of healthy forest understories is threatened by the impacts of invasive plants. As a result, a common practice is the removal of the agent of invasion. Despite this, we know little about the success of these practices and lack a comprehensive understanding of what intrinsic and extrinsic factors shape the recovery. In a multi-year field experiment, we investigated (Q1) whether native propagule availability drove native community recovery, (Q2) what the characteristics of successfully recovering communities were, and (Q3) under which environmental conditions recovery rates were faster. After initial removal of invasives, we seeded native species to manipulate assembly history and mimic restoration practices, we also implemented a repeated, vs. once, removal treatment, all in a full-factorial design. We collected data on plant species composition and abundance (i.e., species level percent cover) and on environmental conditions (i.e., light and soil water availability) in the three subsequent summers. Our results show that native community recovery rates were independent of seeding additions or frequency of invasive plant removal. The fastest rates of recovery were associated with high native species richness, native communities with higher values of specific leaf area (SLA), and low drought stress years. Our results suggest that restoration practices post-invasive plant removal should be tailored to enhance natural dispersal, or artificial addition if the resident community is species-poor, of native species with traits compatible with high resource availability, such as species with high SLA. In addition to the importance of the native community characteristics, our results underscore the need for assessing environmental conditions, favoring management practices during years of low drought stress to maximize native community recovery.</p>
Evidence for an extreme founding effect in a highly successful invasive species: data and R code
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Data from: Non-native species spread in a complex network: the interaction of global transport and local population dynamics determines invasion success
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