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Figure 3 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 3. Pupae containing the exoskeletons of adults. (a) Female; (b) male.
Island area and remoteness shape plant and soil bacterial diversity through land use and biological invasion
<p>Biodiversity is declining dramatically due to human-driven land use change and biological invasion, but our knowledge of how such drivers influence plant and heterotroph diversity on island ecosystems remains limited. Historically island biogeography theory has focused solely on the direct effects of island size and remoteness on biodiversity, but these factors can also indirectly affect species gain and/or loss by impacting land use change and biological invasion. We built the structural equation model to explore the direct effects of island size and remoteness, and indirect effects of these factors via land use intensity and pinewood nematode invasion, on the diversity of plants and soil bacteria across 37 continental shelf islands in the largest land-bridge archipelago in eastern China.</p> <p>As expected we found that increasing island area directly promoted plant diversity. However, land use intensity increased with island area which also promoted plant diversity, and loss of pine forest by the pinewood nematode invasion increased with island remoteness which reduced plant diversity. Island remoteness only indirectly reduced plant diversity through increasing pine forest loss. Soil bacterial diversity was directly negatively impacted by island remoteness, and indirectly negatively impacted by island remoteness through increased soil electrical conductivity likely caused by greater salinity from sea spray. Furthermore, soil bacterial diversity was indirectly promoted by island area through increased plant diversity and decreased soil electrical conductivity, and indirectly reduced by pine forest loss through decreased plant diversity. Our findings highlight that island biogeography theory has relevance to understanding human impacts in the Anthropocene, and that there is a need to more explicitly recognize how island size and remoteness affect biodiversity not only directly, but also indirectly via their effects on human-induced drivers of biodiversity, such as land use change and biological invasion.</p>
Data from: Does biological intimacy shape ecological network structure? A test using a brood pollination mutualism on continental and oceanic islands
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Island area and remoteness shape plant and soil bacterial diversity through land use and biological invasion
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FIGURE 9 in Lebetus patzneri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new goby species from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, with first records of Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) from this area and Norway, and with notes on its biology
FIGURE 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree topology depicting the phylogenetic position and small intraspecific genetic distance of COI-barcode haplotypes (520 bp) of the holotype of Lebetus patzneri sp. nov. and five Lebetus guilleti from the northeastern Atlantic (Norway, two specimens), the Western Mediterranean (Baleares, one specimen) and from the northern Adriatic (Croatia, two specimens). All sand goby genera are included, except for Hyrcanogobius and Pseudaphya. Numbers on branches are bootstrap support values (%) for the Maximum Likelihood analysis (values below 50% not shown). Tip labels are composed of the genus and species name followed by ZSM collection number (if newly sequenced in this study) or of the GenBank accession number. Inserted photos depict the second known specimen of L. patzneri sp. nov. (as Fig. 8c; upper photograph) and the first L. guilleti specimen photographed and collected in 15m depth in Norway (ZSM-PIS-GO 1227; lower photograph). Photographs above and below by F. Ordines and R. Svensen, respectively.
FIGURE 8 in Lebetus patzneri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new goby species from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, with first records of Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) from this area and Norway, and with notes on its biology
FIGURE 8. Lebetus patzneri sp. nov., aspects of the paratype and two unpreserved specimens in life coloration shortly after collection. a: left lateral view of paratype ZSM 46865, female, 16.8 mm SL; from off SW Mallorca Island, 60m depth (based on montage of two separate photographs (slight artifacts at montage suture at about D1 origin due to slightly different position of the specimen between the two photographs); b: left dorsolateral view of head and anterior flank view of paratype ZSM 46865; c: left lateral view of the second known specimen (unpreserved), unknown size, Menorca channel, 67m depth (based on montage of two separate photographs; stitching artifacts visible before D1 origin); d: left slightly dorsolateral view of third known specimen (unpreserved) of unknown size, Menorca channel, 67m depth. Photographs by F. Ordines.
FIGURE 3 in Lebetus patzneri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new goby species from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, with first records of Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) from this area and Norway, and with notes on its biology
FIGURE 3. Lebetus patzneri sp. nov., aspects of the preserved holotype, reversibly stained with Cyanine Blue, ZSM 47486, female, 16.6 mm SL, from off SW Mallorca Island, 72 m depth, preserved. a: left lateral view b: dorsal view; c: ventral view. Photographs by M. Kovačić.
FIGURE 2 in Lebetus patzneri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new goby species from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, with first records of Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) from this area and Norway, and with notes on its biology
FIGURE 2. Lebetus patzneri sp. nov., aspects of the freshly collected holotype, ZSM 47486, female, 16.6 mm SL, from off SW Mallorca Island, 72 m depth, preserved. a: left lateral view; b: right lateral view; c: ventral view; c: dorsal view; d: ventral view left lateral view. Photographs by F. Ordinas.
FIGURE 5 in Lebetus patzneri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new goby species from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, with first records of Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) from this area and Norway, and with notes on its biology
FIGURE 5. Lebetus patzneri sp. nov., MicroCT reconstruction of the paratype ZSM 46865, female, 16.8 mm SL; from off SW Mallorca Island, 60m depth. a: left lateral view; b: dorsal view; c: ventral view. MicroCT reconstruction by A. Cerwenka.
FIGURE 4 in Lebetus patzneri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new goby species from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, with first records of Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) from this area and Norway, and with notes on its biology
FIGURE 4. Lebetus patzneri sp. nov., SEM aspects of the paratype ZSM 46865, female, 16.8 mm SL; from off SW Mallorca Island, 60m depth. a: right lateral view; b: ventral view of pelvic fins and urogenital papilla. SEM photo by A. Cerwenka.
FIGURE 6 in Lebetus patzneri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new goby species from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, with first records of Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) from this area and Norway, and with notes on its biology
FIGURE 6. Lebetus patzneri sp. nov., head lateral line system of the holotype ZSM 47486, female, 16.6 mm SL, from off SW Mallorca Island, 72 m depth. Terminology in text. Drawing by M. Kovačić.
FIGURE 10 in Lebetus patzneri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new goby species from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, with first records of Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) from this area and Norway, and with notes on its biology
FIGURE 10. Lebetus guilleti, head lateral line system: ZSM-PIS-G0-1227, male, 15.8 mm SL, from Drotniksvik, Norway. Terminology in text. Drawing by M. Kovačić.
FIGURE 12. Spionid internal anatomy. A in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology
FIGURE 12. Spionid internal anatomy. A, Spiophanes duplex, 13-segment anterior end of 23-segment juvenile, large glandular organs with long chaetae in segments 5–7, small glandular organs with short chaetae in segments 8–13, and gizzard-like structure (muscularized posterior part of oesophagus) in segments 10–11. B, Laonice petersenae, anterior end, ventral view, dark green excretory metanephridia from segment 4 and interneuropodial lateral pouches from segment 5. C, Prionospio heterobranchia, segments 6–9, dorsal view, main dorsal blood vessel with red blood and soft cylindrical heart body inside. D, Prionospio heterobranchia, middle part of pinnate branchia, arrangement of pinnules. E, Dipolydora quadrilobata, neuropodium of segment 8, glandular pouch composed by group of glandular cells covered by common envelop. bb—ventral buccal bulb; ch—chaeta inside glandular organ; dv—main dorsal blood vessel; gc—secretory cell of glandular pouch; gi— gizzard-like structure; gl—neuropodial glandular organ; gp—glandular pouch; hb—heart body; hh—hooded hook; lp—lateral interneuropodial pouch; mg—middle gut; ne—nephridium; oe—oesophagus; pi—branchial pinnule; s5–s13—segments 5–13. Scales: A, C–E—50 µm. B—500 µm.
FIGURE 10. Spionid adult morphology. Epithelial glands. A in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology
FIGURE 10. Spionid adult morphology. Epithelial glands. A, Polydora cornuta, neuropodia of segments 6–8, left lateral view, external extensions of secretory cells of glandular pouches situated anterior and ventral to vertical row of hooded hooks. B, Boccardia sp., neuropodia of segments 7–8, left lateral view, external extensions of secretory cells of glandular pouches situated anterior, posterior and ventral to vertical row of hooded hooks. C, Spiophanes sp., segments 4–7, left lateral view, enlarged neuropodial postchaetal lamellae on segments 5–7 with ornamented fiber spreaders (openings of fiber glands) in shape of flying bird. D, Spiophanes sp., segments 11–15, left lateral view, enlarged neuropodial postchaetal lamellae with slit-like openings of fiber glands (fiber spreaders) with protruding hardened secretion. E, Spio sp., anterior segments, ventral view, small paired ventral pores arranged in transverse line on each segment. F, Polydora cornuta, pygidium, rear view, numerous external extensions of epithelial glandular cells with protruding hardened secretion appearing as numerous spicules. an—anus; fs—fiber spreader; gc—external extension of glandular cell; hh—hooded hook; ic—ventral inferior capillary; lo—lateral ciliated organ; ne—neuropodial postchaetal lamella; no—notopodial postchaetal lamella; s5–s7—segments 5–7; s12–s15— segments 12–15; sa—ventral inferior sabre chaeta; se—hardened secretion protruding from fiber spreader; vp—ventral pore. Scales: A, F—20 µm. B–E—50 µm.
FIGURE 9. Spionid adult morphology. Posterior segments and pygidia. A in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology
FIGURE 9. Spionid adult morphology. Posterior segments and pygidia. A, Prionospio sp., left lateral view, pygidium with long middorsal cirrus and two shorter ventral cirri. B, Pygospio elegans, dorsal view, pygidium with one pair of dorsal cirri and one pair of ventral cirri. C, Malacoceros sp., rear view, pygidium with five dorsal cirri and one pair of ventral cirri. D, Dipolydora cardalia, rear view, pygidium with two dorsal lobes and one large ventral lobe. E, Polydora cornuta, left lateral view, funnel-shaped pygidium with dorsal gap. F, Scolelepis sp., left lateral view, cushion-like pygidium. an—anus; dl—dorsal lobe; lo—lateral ciliated organ; mc—middorsal cirrus; vc—ventral cirri; vl—ventral lobe. Scales: A, B, F, E—30 µm. C—50 µm. D—100 µm.
FIGURE 8. Spionid adult morphology. Branchiae. A in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology
FIGURE 8. Spionid adult morphology. Branchiae. A, Paraprionospio sp., anterior end, dorsal view, palps and first pair of branchiae missing, branchiae with plates on chaetigers 2 and 3. B, Paraprionospio sp., middle part of branchia, plates with transverse ciliation. C, Prionospio sp., segments 2–5, left lateral view, long pinnate branchiae on segments 2 and 5, and short, smooth robust branchiae on segments 3 and 4. D, Dipolydora armata, segments 7 and 8, fronto-dorsal view, flattened branchiae basally fused to notopodial postchaetal lamellae. E, Dispio sp., middle segments, left lateral view, lateral gills positioned posterior to notopodia. F, Laonice cirrata, middle segments, left lateral view, lateral pouches between neuropodia of adjacent segments. G, Scolelepis sp., middle segments, left lateral view, notopodial postchaetal lamellae fused to branchiae all along their length. br—dorsal branchia; ic—inner branchial ciliation; lg—lateral gills; lo—lateral ciliated organ; lp—lateral interneuropodial pouch; no—notopodial postchaetal lamella; nt—nototroch; oc—outer branchial ciliation; pi—branchial pinnule. Scales: A—300 µm. B—50 µm. C, E, G—100 µm. D—20 µm. F—200 µm.
FIGURE 7. Spionid adult morphology. Chaetae. A in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology
FIGURE 7. Spionid adult morphology. Chaetae. A, Prionospio sp., neuropodium of a middle segment, left fronto-lateral view, capillaries alternating with hooks, and single inferior sabre chaeta. B, Spiophanes sp., neuropodial hooks, small subterminal hood below main fang and a series of small upper teeth above main fang. C, Pygospio elegans, spoon-like hooks in neuropodium of segment 8. D, Pygospio elegans, bidentate hooks in neuropodium of segment 14. E, Dipolydora armata, posterior segment, awl-like spines in notopodium and hooded hooks in neuropodium. F, Streblospio benedicti, multidentate hooks with small upper teeth arranged in two vertical rows above main fang. ca—capillaries alternating hooded hooks; fa— main fang of hook; hh—hooded hook; ho—subdistal hood below main fang of hook; sa—inferior sabre chaeta; up—upper teeth above main fang of hook. Scales: A—20 µm. B, F—2 µm. C, D—5 µm. E—10 µm.
FIGURE 5. Spionid adult morphology. A in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology
FIGURE 5. Spionid adult morphology. A, Prionospio sp., anterior end, left lateral view, long pinnate branchiae on segments 2 and 5, smooth robust branchiae on segments 3 and 4, and dorsal crests on postbranchiate segments, palps missing. B, Laonice cirrata, anterior end, left lateral view, left palp missing, deep longitudinal frontal groove on right palp sided by undulating edges and lined with short cilia. C, Microspio sp., anterior end, ventral view, bifurcated prostomium, dorsal and dorso-lateral ciliated folds of foregut, and large ventral lip of peristomium fused to the first segment. D, Spiophanes sp., middle segments, dorsal view, metameric nuchal organs, dorsal ridges bearing long and dense nototroch cilia on top, and subulate notopodial postchaetal lamellae. E, Scolelepis sp., basal parts of palps, basal sheath with papillae on edge. F, Scolelepis sp., fragment of head and palp bases, frontal view, indistinct sheaths tightly fused to basal parts of palps. bs—basal sheath on palp; dc—dorsal crest; dl—dorso-lateral ciliated fold of foregut; do—dorsal ciliated fold of foregut; gr—longitudinal frontal groove on palp; lc—intersegmental lateral longitudinal ciliation; lo—lateral ciliated organ; no—notopodial postchaetal lamella; nt—nototroch; nu—nuchal organ; pa—palp; pb—proboscis; pr—prostomium; ps—papilla on basal sheath on palp; s1—segment 1; vp— ventral lip of peristomium. Scales: A, C–E—100 µm. B—200 µm. F—50 µm.
FIGURE 3. Spionid adult morphology. Head and anterior segments. A in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology
FIGURE 3. Spionid adult morphology. Head and anterior segments. A, Dispio sp., anterior end, left lateral view, pointed prostomium, long notochaetae of segment 1 directed anteriorly, and papillated postchaetal lamellae on anterior segments, palps missing. B, Aonides sp., anterior end, left lateral view, conical prostomium and branchiae from segment 2, palps missing. C, Scolelepis sp., anterior end, left lateral view, pointed snout composed by anterior peristomial part and posterior prostomial part, and coiled palps with transverse ridges bearing short non-motile cilia. D, Streblospio benedicti, anterior end, left lateral view, peristomial hood, short palps, one pair of branchiae on chaetiger 1, and lateral ciliated organ on achaetous and apodous segment 1. E, Paraprionospio sp., anterior end, dorsal view, peristomial hood enveloping prostomium, palps and first two pairs of branchiae missing. F, Paraprionospio sp., anterior end, left lateral view, peristomial hood, basal sheath on palp, three pairs of branchiae, and lateral ciliated organ on achaetous and apodous segment 1. br—branchia; bs—basal sheath enveloping basal part of palp; dr—dorsal ridge; lo—lateral ciliated organ; nc—notopodial capillaries; pa—palp; pe—peristomium; ph— peristomial hood; pr—prostomium. Scales: A, E—200 µm. B, D—50 µm. C, F—100 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology
FIGURE 6. Spionid adult morphology. General arrangement of chaetae in Spionidae and modified chaetae in segment 5 in Polydorini adults; notice absence of parapodial lamellae on segment 5 in B, E, F, and presence of low lamellae in both rami in C. A, Dipolydora cardalia, segment 4 neuropodium, left lateral view, anterior, posterior and inferior groups of capillaries. B, Boccardia sp., segment 5, left lateral view, brush-topped spines in anterior row and falcate spines in posterior row of notochaetae, and a tuft of short ventral capillaries. C, Pseudopolydora sp., segment 5, left lateral view, dorsal superior capillaries, enlarged capillaries with inflated limbation in anterior row and falcate spines in posterior row of notochaetae (both arranged in reflected J-shaped rows), and ventral capillaries. D, Polydora cornuta, companion chaetae in anterior row and falcate spines in posterior row of notochaetae, characteristic dishevelled, feathery tip in companion chaetae and small lateral tooth in falcate spines. E, Dipolydora cardalia, segment 5, left lateral view, dorsal superior capillaries, companion chaetae in anterior row and falcate spines in posterior row of notochaetae, and ventral capillaries. F, Dipolydora armata, segment 5, left lateral view, three dorsal superior capillaries, two falcate spines with large lateral tooth and cowling on convex side, and three ventral capillaries. an—anterior group of chaetae in podium; ds—dorsal superior capillaries in notopodium; fa—heavy falcate spines; in—inferior capillaries in neuropodium; ne—neuropodial postchaetal lamella; no—notopodial postchaetal lamella; po—posterior group of chaetae in podium; to—lateral tooth in heavy falcate spine; ve—ventral capillaries. Scales: A, D, F—10 µm. B—100 µm. C—50 µm. E—20 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.