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Fig. 4 in New narrow-range endemic land snails from the sky islands of northern South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae and Urocyclidae)

Fig. 4. Ptilototheca soutpansbergensis gen. et sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 9.2 mm (NMSA V5567/ T4069). E. Protoconch showing sculpture of punctate spiral lines, Entabeni Forest (paratype, NMSA P0186/T4063). F. SEM of protoconch microsculpture, Thathe Vondo Forest (paratype, NMSA W2080/ T4064). Scale bars: E = 0.5 mm; F = 250 µm.

Fig. 13 in New narrow-range endemic land snails from the sky islands of northern South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae and Urocyclidae)

Fig. 13. Sheldonia wolkbergensis sp. nov., holotype, diameter 7.7 mm, height 5.2 mm (NMSA P0156/ T4074).

Fig. 1 in New narrow-range endemic land snails from the sky islands of northern South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae and Urocyclidae)

Fig. 1. Gulella davisae sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, height 6.1 mm, diameter 2.9 mm (NMSA P0418/ T4086). E. Juvenile specimen showing apertural dentition, diameter 2.7 mm (paratype, NMSA P0235/ T4091).

Fig. 3 in New narrow-range endemic land snails from the sky islands of northern South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae and Urocyclidae)

Fig. 3. Gulella hadroglossa sp. nov. A–E. Holotype, height 3.0 mm, diameter 1.5 mm (NMSA P0230/ T4084). F–G. Juvenile specimen showing apertural dentition, diameter 1.5 mm (paratype, NMSA P0417/T4085).

Fig. 10 in New narrow-range endemic land snails from the sky islands of northern South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae and Urocyclidae)

Fig. 10. Sheldonia monsmaripi sp. nov., living animals. A–B. Mariepskop Forest Reserve, mist-belt forest, shell diameter 11.6 mm (paratype, NMSA P0276/T4073). C–D. Mariepskop Forest Reserve, summit fynbos, shell diameter 16.3 mm (NMSA P0278).

Fig. 7 in New narrow-range endemic land snails from the sky islands of northern South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae and Urocyclidae)

Fig. 7. Ptilototheca soutpansbergensis gen. et sp. nov., genitalia. A. Entire genital system. B. Basal portion of penis opened to show penial verge and coarsely papillate preputial region. C. Flagellum and epiphallus. D. Spermatophore. A–C. Paratype, NMSA P0304/T4060. D. Paratype, NMSA W2259/T4067.

Fig. 6 in New narrow-range endemic land snails from the sky islands of northern South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae and Urocyclidae)

Fig. 6. Ptilototheca soutpansbergensis gen. et sp. nov., radula, holotype (NMSA V5567/T4069). A. Rachidian and left lateral teeth. B. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. C. Inner left marginal teeth. D. Outer left marginal teeth. Scale bars: A, C = 50 µm; B, D = 25 µm.

Fig. 15 in New narrow-range endemic land snails from the sky islands of northern South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae and Urocyclidae)

Fig. 15. Sheldonia wolkbergensis sp. nov., radula, holotype (NMSA P0156/T4074). A. Rachidian and lateral teeth. B. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. C. Inner marginal teeth. D. Outer marginal teeth. Scale bars: A–C = 50 µm; D = 25 µm.

FIG. 39 in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 39. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Ordinary Group. To maintain clarity of presentation, the widespread Crocidura nigripes is not included.

FIG. 32 in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 32. Bivariate plots showing the results of principal components analyses of the two Thick-Tailed Group species using A, five external and B, 12 cranial measurements. Loadings and variance explained are given in tables 10 and 11, respectively.

FIG. 20 in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 20. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura.

FIG. 10 in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group).

FIG. 25 in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 25. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Small-Bodied Group of Sulawesi Crocidura.

FIG. 16 in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 16. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Elongata Subgroup. Although we excluded Pinedapa from the estimated geographic ranges, we suspect the two USNM specimens referred to Crocidura elongata by Miller and Hollister (1921) from this site represent C. microelongata.

FIG. 8. Estimated phylogenetic relationships from a in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 8. Estimated phylogenetic relationships from a maximum likelihood analysis of 983 concatenated ultraconserved elements. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Ultrafast bootstrap values <95 are shown.

FIG. 7 in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 7. Estimated species tree from analysis of 3940 ultraconserved element loci in ASTRAL. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Local posterior probabilities <0.95 are shown. Tip branch lengths are arbitrary.

FIG. 4 in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 4. Maximum-likelihood estimate of the gene tree of Sulawesi Crocidura derived from an alignment of 851 individuals and 1111 characters from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. Bootstrap support is shown along branches. Clades corresponding to species are collapsed for ease of presentation. Tips are labeled with the species name, the number of tips (T), and number of localities (L), as labeled in figure 1, and the maximum intraspecific (MI) Jukes-Cantor distance calculated from a reduced alignment. Two species are paraphyletic and their respective, within-clade MI values are shown separately. For species described by Miller and Hollister (1921), the holotype or paratypes are included for C. elongata, C. lea, and C. rhoditis. Branch lengths between C. nigripes and other taxa are shortened for presentation. See supplementary data S2 for the full tree.

FIG. 43 in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 43. Bivariate plots showing the first two axes from principal components analyses of A, five external and B, 12 cranial measurements from Crocidura solita and C. ordinaria, two members of the Ordinary Group. Loadings and variance explained are given in tables 17 and 18, respectively.

FIG. 42 in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 42. Box plots showing subtle differences in cranial measurements between Crocidura solita and C. ordinaria, two members of the Ordinary Group. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. All measurements in mm.

FIG. 37 in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 37. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary of two darkly pigmented members of the Ordinary Group: A, Crocidura musseri, FMNH 213255; and B, C. nigripes, FMNH 210611.