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89 results for “lability”
Female dewlap ornaments are evolutionarily labile and associated with increased influence diversification rates in Anolis lizards
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Anuran limbs reflect microhabitat and distal, later-developing bones are more evolutionarily labile
Tetrapod limbs have been used as a model system to investigate how selective pressures and constraints shape morphological evolution. Anurans have had many independent transitions to various microhabitats, allowing us to dissect how these factors influence limb morphology. Furthermore, anurans provide a unique system to test the generality of developmental constraints proposed in mammals, namely that later-developing limb bones are under less constraint and show more variation. We used micro-computed tomography scans of 236 species from 52 of 55 families, geometric morphometrics, and modern phylogenetic comparative methods to examine how limb bones are related to microhabitat, phylogeny, allometry, and developmental timing. Although there was significant phylogenetic signal, anuran limb shape showed a relationship with microhabitat and to a lesser extent, body size. We found that distal bones had higher evolutionary rates than proximal bones, providing evidence that developmental constraints are reduced in later-developing bones. Distal bones also showed increased selection related to allometry and microhabitat, providing an additional explanation for higher evolutionary rates. By looking at the evolution of limb shape across a diverse clade, we demonstrated that multiple factors have shaped anuran limbs and that greater evolutionary lability in later-developing limb bones is likely a general trend among tetrapods.
Does long-term soil warming affect microbial element limitation? A test by short-term assays of microbial growth responses to labile C, N and P additions
<p><span>Increasing global temperatures have been reported to accelerate soil carbon (C) cycling but also to promote nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. However, warming can differentially affect ecosystem C, N and P dynamics, potentially intensifying elemental imbalances between soil resources, plants and soil microorganisms. Here we investigated the effect of long-term soil warming on microbial resource limitation, based on measurements of microbial growth (<sup>18</sup>O incorporation into DNA) and respiration after C, N and P amendments. Soil samples were taken from two soil depths (0–10, 10–20 cm) in control and warmed (>14 yrs warming, +4°C) plots in the Achenkirch soil warming experiment. Soils were amended with combinations of glucose-C, inorganic/organic N and inorganic/organic P in a full factorial design, followed by incubation at their respective mean field temperatures for 24 hours. Soil microbes were generally C-limited, exhibiting 1.8-fold to 8.8-fold increases in microbial growth upon C addition. Warming consistently caused soil microorganisms to shift from being predominately C limited to become C-P co-limited. This P limitation possibly was due to increased abiotic P immobilization in warmed soils. Microbes further showed stronger growth stimulation under combined glucose and inorganic nutrient amendments compared to organic nutrient additions. This may be related to a prolonged lag phase in organic N (glucosamine) mineralization and utilization compared to glucose. Soil respiration strongly positively responded to all kinds of glucose-C amendments, while responses of microbial growth were less pronounced in many of these treatments. This highlights that respiration – though easy and cheap to measure – is not a good substitute of growth when assessing microbial element limitation. Overall, we demonstrate a significant shift in microbial element limitation in warmed soils, from C to C-P co-limitation, with strong repercussions on the linkage between soil C, N and P cycles under long-term warming.</span></p>
Data for: Excess labile carbon promotes diazotroph abundance in heat-stressed octocorals
<p><span>Constant nitrogen limitation is the foundation of a stable coral-algal symbiosis. Diazotrophs, i.e., prokaryotes capable of fixing N<sub>2</sub> into ammonia, are key players in coral holobionts. Recent studies on reef-building corals have shown that labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) enrichment or heat stress stimulated the growth and activity of diazotrophs, resulting in excess nitrogen availability. However, the (a)biotic drivers of diazotrophs in octocorals are still poorly understood. We investigated diazotroph abundance (assessed via relative quantification of <em>nifH</em> gene copy numbers) in two symbiotic octocorals, the more mixotrophic soft coral <em>Xenia</em> <em>umbellata</em> and the more autotrophic gorgonian <em>Pinnigorgia</em> <em>flava</em>, under a) labile DOC enrichment for 21 days, followed by b) combined labile DOC enrichment and heat stress for 24 days. In the absence of heat stress, relative diazotroph abundances in X<em>.</em> <em>umbellata</em> and <em>P</em>. <em>flava</em> were unaffected by DOC enrichment. During heat stress, DOC enrichment (higher than 20 mg glucose L<sub>-1</sub>) increased the relative abundances of diazotrophs by 6-fold in <em>X</em>. <em>umbellata</em> and 4-fold in <em>P</em>. <em>flava</em>, compared to their counterparts without excess DOC. Our data suggest that labile DOC enrichment and concomitant heat stress could disrupt the nitrogen limitation in octocorals through stimulating diazotroph proliferations. Reducing labile DOC loading may effectively help octocorals cope with future ocean warming scenarios.</span></p>
Processed results supporting MSFragger-Labile: A Flexible Method to Improve Labile PTM Analysis in Proteomics
<p>Search results supporting the manuscript "MSFragger-Labile: A Flexible Method to Improve Labile PTM Analysis in Proteomics". Processed PSM, ion, peptide, and protein tables for each search are provided, sorted by figure within the zip file. FragPipe workflows with parameters are also provided for all searches. </p>
Soil labile nitrogen pools for the Carbon action ACA experiment for year 2022 (4th year of experiment)
<p>This dataset describes labile nitrogen pools following four years of carbon farming experiments in the Carbon Action ACA dataset of 20 farms. The soils were sampled in July and analyzed for Total N, ISNT-N, Autoclave citrate protein -N, Water soluble organic N, inorganic N and potentially mineralizable N. </p> <p>The analysis is published open access in Soil Use And Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12930</p>
Data from: Positive plant diversity effects on soil microbial drought resistance are linked to variation in labile carbon and microbial community structure
<p><span>Biodiversity loss and drought are substantially altering both above-and belowground terrestrial ecosystem functioning, but mechanistic understanding of plant diversity effects on the drought resistance of soil microbial biomass remains limited. </span></p> <p><span>We designed a mesocosm experiment to examine drought resistance of soil microbial biomass along a plant species richness gradient (five plant species richness levels based on old-field communities). We calculated resistance of microbial biomass to drought and recorded key belowground properties which may influence microbial resistance to drought (i.e., microbial diversity, microbial community structure, soil carbon stocks and root biomass). </span></p> <p><span>Plant species richness had a positive effect on microbial resistance to drought. Variation in microbial resistance to drought was linked to properties of the fungal community in ambient soil (Shannon diversity, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal richness and abundance) but not soil bacterial diversity. Moreover, microbial resistance to drought increased with increasing root biomass and dissolved organic carbon recorded under ambient conditions. </span></p> <p><span>These results highlight the importance of plant diversity for microbial biomass stability in our old-field study system with implications for biogeochemical cycling, and suggest that indirect effects of plant species richness on labile soil carbon and soil fungi may drive resistance of soil microbial biomass to drought. </span></p>
Data from: Evolutionarily labile dispersal behavior and discontinuous habitats enhance population differentiation in island vs continentally distributed swallows
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The causes of population divergence in vagile groups remain a paradox in evolutionary biology: dispersive species should be able to colonize new areas, a prerequisite for allopatric speciation, but dispersal also facilitates gene flow, which erodes population differentiation. Strong dispersal ability has been suggested to enhance divergence in patchy habitats and inhibit divergence in continuous landscapes, but empirical support for this hypothesis is lacking. Here we compared patterns of population divergence in a dispersive clade of swallows distributed across both patchy and continuous habitats. The Pacific Swallow (</span><em>Hirundo tahitica</em><span>) has an insular distribution throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific, while its sister species, the Welcome Swallow (</span><em>H. neoxena</em><span>), has a continental distribution in Australia. We used whole-genome data to demonstrate strong genetic structure and limited introgression among insular populations, but not among continental populations. Demographic models show that historic changes in habitat connectivity have contributed to population structure within the cl</span>ade. Swallows appear to exhibit evolutionarily labile dispersal behavior in which they reduce dispersal propensity after island colonization despite retaining strong flight ability. Our data support the hypothesis that fragmented habitats enhance population differentiation in vagile groups, and suggest that labile dispersal behavior is a key mechanism underlying this pattern.</p>
Assessing the evolutionary lability of insulin signaling in the regulation of nutritional plasticity across traits and species of horned dung beetles
<p><span>Nutrition-dependent growth of sexual traits is a major contributor to phenotypic diversity and a large body of research documents insulin signaling as a major regulator of nutritional plasticity. However, findings across studies raise the possibility that the role of individual components within the insulin signaling pathway diverge in function among traits and taxa. Here, we use RNAi-mediated transcript depletion in the gazelle dung beetle to investigate the functions of <em>forkhead box O </em>(<em>Foxo</em>) and two paralogs of the insulin receptor (<em>InR1</em> and <em>InR2</em>) in shaping nutritional plasticity in polyphenic male head horns, exaggerated fore legs, and weakly nutrition-responsive genitalia. Our functional genetic manipulations led to three main findings: <em>Foxo<sup>RNAi</sup></em> reduced the length of exaggerated head horns in large males, while neither <em>InR1</em> nor <em>InR2</em> knock-downs resulted in measurable horn phenotypes. These results are similar to those documented previously for another horned dung beetle species (<em>Onthophagus</em> <em>taurus</em>), but in stark contrast to findings in rhinoceros beetles. Secondly, knockdown of <em>Foxo</em>, <em>InR1</em>, and <em>InR2</em> led to an increase in the intercept or slope of the scaling relationship of genitalia size. These results are in contrast even to results documented previously for O. taurus. Lastly, while <em>Foxo<sup>RNAi</sup></em> reduces male forelegs in <em>D. gazella</em> and <em>O. taurus</em>, the effects of <em>InR1</em> and <em>InR2</em> knockdowns diverged across dung beetle species. Taken together, our results add to the growing body of literature indicating that despite insulin signaling's conserved role as a regulator of nutritional plasticity, the functions of its components may diversify among traits and species. </span></p>
Imaging the Effects of Stimulant Medication on Emotional Lability in Patients With ADHD
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01415440. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) With or Without E.Coli Double Mutant Heat-Labile Toxin (dmLT) Challenge Study in Healthy Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04232943. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Type III secretion system effector proteins are mechanically labile
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Data from: Evolutionarily labile dispersal behavior and discontinuous habitats enhance population differentiation in island vs continentally distributed swallows
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Does long-term soil warming affect microbial element limitation? A test by short-term assays of microbial growth responses to labile C, N and P additions
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Labile carbon input alleviates nitrogen-induced community instability in a meadow steppe
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Data from: Positive plant diversity effects on soil microbial drought resistance are linked to variation in labile carbon and microbial community structure
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for: Excess labile carbon promotes diazotroph abundance in heat-stressed octocorals
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Anuran limbs reflect microhabitat and distal, later-developing bones are more evolutionarily labile
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Assessing the evolutionary lability of insulin signaling in the regulation of nutritional plasticity across traits and species of horned dung beetles
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
SGS-LTER Impact of Labile and Recalcitrant Carbon Treatments on Plant Communities (Canopy Cover) in a Semiarid Ecosystem on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 2006-2012, ARS Study Number 3
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/85547. In a 10-year study, we assessed the influence of five carbon (C) treatments on the labile C and nitrogen (N) pools of historically N enriched plots on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research site located in northeastern Colorado. For eight years, we applied sawdust, sugar, industrial lignin, sawdust + sugar, and lignin + sugar to plots that had received N and water additions in the early 1970s. Previous work showed that past water and N additions altered plant species composition and enhanced rates of nutrient cycling; these effects were still apparent 25 years later. We hypothesized that labile C amendments would stimulate microbial activity and suppress rates of N mineralization, whereas complex forms of carbon (sawdust and lignin) could enhance humification and lead to longer-term reductions in N availability. Results indicated that of the five carbon treatments, sugar, sawdust, and sawdust + sugar suppressed N availability, with sawdust + sugar being the most effective treatment to reduce N availability. The year after treatments stopped, N availability remained less in the sawdust + sugar treatment plots than in the high-N control plots. Three years after
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.