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67 results for “ladybird beetle”
First record of the introduced ladybird beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus (1758), on South Georgia (sub-Antarctic)
<p>Biological invasions represent a growing threat to islands and their biodiversity across the world. The isolated sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean is a highly protected area that relies on effective biosecurity including prevention, surveillance and eradication to limit the risk of biological invasions. Based on an opportunistic field discovery, we provide the first report of an introduced ladybird beetle on South Georgia. All specimens discovered belong to the Eurasian species <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata</em> Linnaeus (1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Tens of individuals of both sexes were discovered at a single location, indicating that the species may already be established on South Georgia. Transport connectivity with this site suggests that the species most likely arrived recently from the Falkland Islands as a stowaway on a ship. We discuss the implications of our discovery for the continued development of South Atlantic biosecurity.</p>
First record of the introduced ladybird beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus (1758), on South Georgia (sub-Antarctic)
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Kr-h1 is vital for vitellogenesis in two ladybird beetle species
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Data from: Direct and indirect effect of cannibalism and intraguild predation in the two sibling Harmonia ladybird beetles
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Data from: Genetic divergence with ongoing gene flow is maintained by the use of different hosts in phytophagous ladybird beetles genus Henosepilachna
Adaptation to different environments can promote population divergence via natural selection even in the presence of gene flow–a phenomenon that typically occurs during ecological speciation. To elucidate how natural selection promotes and maintains population divergence during speciation, we investigated the population genetic structure, degree of gene flow and heterogeneous genomic divergence in three closely related Japanese phytophagous ladybird beetles: Henosepilachna pustulosa, H. niponica and H. yasutomii. These species act as a generalist, a wild thistle (Cirsium spp.) specialist and a blue cohosh (Caulophyllum robustum) specialist, respectively, and their ranges differ accordingly. The two specialist species widely co-occur but are reproductively isolated solely due to their high specialisation to a particular host plant. Genome-wide amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences demonstrated obvious genome-wide divergence associated with both geographic distance and ecological divergence. However, a hybridisation assessment for both AFLP loci and the mitochondrial sequences revealed a certain degree of unidirectional gene flow between the two sympatric specialist species. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on all of the variable AFLP loci demonstrated that there are genetic similarities between populations from adjacent localities irrespective of the species (i.e. host range). However, a further comparative genome scan identified a few fractions of loci representing approximately 1% of all loci as different-host associated outliers. These results suggest that these three species had a complex origin, which could be obscured by current gene flow, and that ecological divergence can be maintained with only a small fraction of the genome is related to different host use even when there is a certain degree of gene flow between sympatric species pairs.
Omnivory in predatory ladybird beetles is widespread and driven by an appetite for sterols
<p>1. Animals maintain physiological and behavioral systems that allow them to detect and consume specific macro- and micronutrients to maximize their fitness. One common physiological system is the nutrient-state-dependent or demand-driven appetite. These systems are well described for macronutrient regulation, but not for micronutrients.</p> <p>2. Sterols are essential micronutrients that all animals need to survive. They are the backbone of many hormones, important in cell signaling, and an integral component of cell membranes.</p> <p>3. Lady beetles are globally distributed predators of insect herbivores. Adult sevenspotted lady beetles maintain a state-dependent sterol appetite and consume plant tissues to obtain sterols, which improves their fitness. Additionally, sevenspotted lady beetles can detect sterols pre-ingestion.</p> <p>4. We used lady beetle species distributed across the three clades of the Coccinellini to determine 1) whether other beetle species maintain a state-dependent sterol appetite, 2) if sterol structure affects beetles' state-dependent sterol appetite, and 3) whether lady beetles consume foliage in a sterol-state dependent manner. Additionally, we determined 1) what sensory organ beetle's use to detect sterols, 2) their limit of detection, and 3) when during development their appetite manifests.</p> <p>5. All six beetle species we tested maintained a state-dependent appetite for sterols. Sterol structure affected beetles' propensity to feed on sterol-treated disks, indicating that the number and position of double bonds in sterol molecules affects beetles' ability to detect or desire to feed on them. Only beetles in clade three fed on plant foliage in response to sterol-limitation. Few beetles in any clade that were supplemented with sterols consumed plant tissue.</p> <p>6. Beetles' appetite for sterols first appeared during the second larval stadium, and the rate of sterol consumption increased with age. Ablations of sensory organs revealed that beetles use their labial palps to detect sterols, and that they detect them at concentrations as low as 1ppm.</p> <p>7. These data demonstrate that lady beetles across the Coccinellini maintain a state-dependent appetite for an essential class of micronutrients. They also provide very strong evidence that lady beetles can taste sterols, raising the possibility that they maintain novel as-yet undescribed gustatory receptors for an essential class of lipids.</p>
Figure 6 in The first fossil Microweiseini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the Eocene of Europe and its significance for the reconstruction of the evolution of ladybird beetles
Figure 6. Diagram showing relationships within Coccinellidae and sister-families [after Seago et al. (2011) and Robertson et al. (2015), scaled based on McKenna et al. (2015) and Zhang et al. (2018), modified] with the indication of known fossil taxa.
Figure 3. Baltosidis damzeni. A, habitus ventral. B in The first fossil Microweiseini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the Eocene of Europe and its significance for the reconstruction of the evolution of ladybird beetles
Figure 3. Baltosidis damzeni. A, habitus ventral. B, head, prosternum, mesoventrite. C, pronotum. D, tip of elytra with sutural lines. E, habitus lateral. F, details of maxillary palp. G, postcoxal lines on ventrite 1. Holotype, MAIG 5988 (A–E); paratype AWL 154 (F); paratype, MAIG 5967 (G).
Figure 5 in The first fossil Microweiseini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the Eocene of Europe and its significance for the reconstruction of the evolution of ladybird beetles
Figure 5. FT-IR absorbance spectra of analysed amber pieces with the indication of museum inventory numbers above each spectrum.
Figure 4. Baltosidis szadziewskii. A, habitus dorsal. B in The first fossil Microweiseini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the Eocene of Europe and its significance for the reconstruction of the evolution of ladybird beetles
Figure 4. Baltosidis szadziewskii. A, habitus dorsal. B, habitus, ventral. C, postcoxal lines on ventrite 1. D, setation on pronotum. E, pronotum. Holotype, GPIH (5032A–E).
Figure 1. A in The first fossil Microweiseini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the Eocene of Europe and its significance for the reconstruction of the evolution of ladybird beetles
Figure 1. A, the single most-parsimonious tree from TNT, with character evolution of Microweiseinae. Numbers at the corresponding nodes represent Bremer support values. Characters are mapped on branches: black circles, non-homoplastic changes; white circles, homoplastic changes; numbers above the circles indicate characters, numbers below circles indicate their states. B, distribution of extant and extinct species of Microweiseini representing the monophyletic group marked by a grey square on the tree. Picture of Parasidis elguetai taken by Guillermo González.
Fig. 1. A map showing 10 in New data on the distribution of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the eastern part of the Baltic Coast region in Poland
Fig. 1. A map showing 10 km x 10 km grid coordinates, in which samples of Coccinellidae for this study were collected.
Fig. 2 in New data on the distribution of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the eastern part of the Baltic Coast region in Poland
Fig. 2. Species composition of Coccinellidae recorded in the eastern part of the Baltic Coast in Poland on deciduous trees and shrubs (A), conifers (B), herbaceous plants (C) and beaches (D). Filled bars – contribution of the invasive Harmonia axyridis. Records of individuals without indication of the habitat where caught (228 individuals) are omitted in this calculation.
Supplementary material 1 from: Zach P, Panigaj Ľ, Honěk A, Nedvěd O, Kulfan J, Martinková Z, Selyemová D, Viglášová S, Roy H (2014) The invasion history, distribution and colour pattern forms of the harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pall.) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Slovakia, Central Europe. ZooKeys 412: 89-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.6587
Records of Harmonia axyridis in Slovakia: Explanation note: There are records from 2008 to 2012; years 2008 and 2009 marked in bold. The localities (sites of collection) are arranged in alphabetical order. Indicated are the numeric code of the mapping square (see Fig. 1), year of the first record and name of observer. Data on absence of the species are indicated by subsequent records of the species in the same squares or near squares from which it had not previously been recorded (e.g. 2008 – no record, 2009 – first record).
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic notes on Australian herbivorous ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae: Epilachnini)
FIGURE 1. Cleta dawkinsi holotype (Li, 1993); A) habitus anterior; B) habitus lateral; C) tarsal claw; D) habitus dorsal; E) female genitalia, ventral; F) left elytron and coxite, original drawings from Li 1993; G) postcoxal abdominal line; H) protrochanter; I) prosternum and mesoventrite; J) holotype labels.
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of the ladybird beetle Hong Ślipiński from Chile (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Microweiseinae)
FIGURE 3. Hong slipinskii sp. nov.: (A) head ventral view, (B) Maxillary palp, (C) Antennal club, (D) Prothorax ventral view, (E) Meso and metaventrite, (F) Scutellum, (G–H) Elytron, dorsal and ventral view respectively.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of the ladybird beetle Hong Ślipiński from Chile (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Microweiseinae)
FIGURE 1. Hong guerreroi sp. nov.: (A–B) Habitus: (A) dorsal, (B) lateral; (C) posterior view and (D) frontal view. (E) Head, dorsal. (F) Prothorax, ventral. (G–K) Male genitalia: (G–H) Tegmen, dorsal and lateral view respectively, (I) Penis, (J) Penis apex, (K) Penis capsule. (L) Abdomen. (M–O) Female terminalia: (M) Sternite 8 (S8), (N) Coxites, (O) Spermatheca. (P) Pronotum, detail. (Q) Elytron, detail.
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of the ladybird beetle Hong Ślipiński from Chile (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Microweiseinae)
FIGURE 2. Hong slipinskii sp. nov.: (A–B) Habitus: (A) dorsal, (B) lateral; (C) frontal view and (D) posterior view. (E) Antenna. (F) Maxillary palp. (G) Head, ventral. (H–L) Male genitalia: (H–I) Tegmen, ventral and lateral view respectively, (J) Penis, (K) Penis apex, (L) Penis capsule. (M) Abdomen. (N–O): Female terminalia: (N) Sternite 8 (S8), (O) Coxites. (P) Pronotum detail. (Q) Elytron, detail.
Ladybird beetles' life history traits
<p>1. The balance between risk and benefit of exploiting resources drives life history evolution in organisms. Predators are naturally recognized as major drivers of the life history evolution of their prey. Although prey may also influence the life history evolution of their predators in the context of an evolutionary arms race, there is far more evidence of the role of predators than of prey. </p> <p>2. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of prey in life history evolution of predators using ladybird beetle predators of aphids and coccids. These particular ladybirds and their prey were chosen because literature shows that the pace of life of aphids is faster than that of coccids and this difference is reflected in the life histories of the ladybirds that specialize on feeding on aphids or coccids.</p> <p>3. Thirty-four species of ladybird predators of aphids and eight of coccids belonging to five different tribes were collected and reared in the laboratory. The females were weighed as well as their eggs, and their reproductive investment estimated as the number of ovarioles. Phylogenetic relatedness was controlled for in the statistical analyses.</p> <p>4. Controlling for female mass revealed that ladybird predators of aphids lay bigger eggs than ladybird predators of coccids. This difference is not influenced by phylogenetic relatedness but only by the type of prey eaten. We suggest that ladybird predators of coccids lay smaller eggs because neonate larvae do not have to search, catch, and subdue prey. Both types of ladybirds have a similar reproductive investment relative to their body mass when phylogeny is controlled for. </p> <p>5. Recognizing the influence of prey on the life history evolution of predators is important for understanding food web dynamics. From an applied perspective, this fine evolutionary tuning of prey-predator relationships should be used to guide and increase the efficiency of biological control programmes.</p>
Fig. 1 in The mitochondrial genomes of ladybird beetles and implications for evolution and phylogeny
Fig. 1. Organizational maps of the 13 new mitogenomes sequenced in this study. Genes labelled above the line are transcribed in the same direction from left to right, while genes labelled below the line are transcribed in the same direction from right to left. The genes and intergenic spacers are scaled to their length in the mitogenome. Abbreviations: I, transfer RNA specifying Isoleucine; Q, transfer RNA specifying Glutamine; M, transfer RNA specifying Methionine; W, transfer RNA specifying Tryptophan; C, transfer RNA specifying Cysteine; Y, transfer RNA specifying Tyrosine; K, transfer RNA specifying Lysine; D, transfer RNA specifying Aspartic acid; L2, transfer RNA specifying Leucine, codon recognized by UUR; G, transfer RNA specifying Glycine; A, transfer RNA specifying Alanine; R, transfer RNA specifying Arginine; N, transfer RNA specifying Asparagine; S1, transfer RNA specifying Serine, codon recognized by AGN; E, transfer RNA specifying Glutamic acid; F, transfer RNA specifying Phenylalanine; H, transfer RNA specifying Histidine; T, transfer RNA specifying Threonine; P, transfer RNA specifying Proline; S2, transfer RNA specifying Serine, codon recognized by UCN; L1, transfer RNA specifying Leucine, codon recognized by CUN; V, transfer RNA specifying Valine; cox1, cox2, cox3, cytochrome oxidase subunits I, II, III; cob, cytochrome b apoenzyme; nad 1–6, 4L, NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1–6, 4L; atp6, atp8, ATP synthase subunits 6, 8; rrnL, large ribosomal subunit; rrnS, small ribosomal subunit; CR, the putative control region.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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