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502 results for “lagoons”
Ramped Pyrolysis Oxidation (RPO) coupled radiocarbon (14C-DOC) and stable carbon (13C-DOC), high-resolution molecular composition (FT-ICR MS), and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) of groundwater, river water, and lagoon water in northeast Alaska, 2017
Supra-permafrost groundwater (SPGW), river water, and lagoon water were sampled near Kaktovik, AK to assess the reactivity and origin of dissolved organic matter (DOM) across interconnected hydrologic systems during late summer. Water samples were collected on August 17th 2017 from SPGW along the beach of Jago Lagoon (Jago GW), surface water from the Jago River’s main channel above tidal influence (Jago R), and from the water column of Kaktovik Lagoon at 2–3 m depth (KA LW). Measurements were made from grab samples for river and lagoon water, and from a composite sample for SPGW gathered from 10 individual shoreline locations. Data include dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC, mg C L-1), Ramped Pyrolysis Oxidation (RPO) derived fraction compositions of 13C-DOC (δ13C ‰), 14C-DOC (in fraction modern), and method/instrumental error in the 14C and 13C results, and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) molecular composition and summarized compound classes. Biodegradable DOC (BDOC) bottle experiments were performed using all three sample types, where DOC concentration was subsequently measured at 2, 7, 14, and 28 days. FT-ICR MS composition was subsequently measured at the 28-day timepoint to track changes in molecular formulae and compound class relative abundance following biodegradation. Data from RPO serial thermal oxidation include temperature and normalized CO2 profiles for each background sample. Thermal-oxidation profiles of CO2 were transformed into non-parametric activation energy (E) distributions using an inverse model. Model output includes C mass of oxidized CO2 (µg C), Tmax (K), Emax (kJ mol-1), Emean (kJ mol-1), Estd (kJ mol-1), and p(0,E)max of user-defined sample fractions. FT-ICR MS results include a summary table of the relative abundance of compound classes (e.g., unsaturated phenolic, polyphenolic, aliphatic, condensed aromatics, peptide-like) and elemental groupings (e.g., CHO-type, CHON-type, CHOS-type, CHON
Daily average pCO2, dissolved oxygen, and water quality in Elson Lagoon: 2019, 2021, 2022
pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) and other physicochemical parameters were measured during the open water season (July-August) in three years (2019, 2021, 2022) at five sites in Elson Lagoon, a coastal ecosystem near Utqiagvik, AK, as a supplement to the Beaufort Lagoons Ecosystems LTER core sampling program. Locations include three shallow sites (<1 m water depth) at a depth of 0.5 m and two deep sites (up 2 m depth) at a depth of ~1.7m. Data includes daily averages of sensor data for each site of pCO2 (uatm), water temperature (°C), absolute pressure (kPa), salinity (ppt), dissolved oxygen (DO, mg/L), light extinction (Kd; m-1), and water level difference from mean tidal level (m). Discrete laboratory data for dissolved organic carbon (C; umol/L) and turbidity (NTU) are also presented.
Circulation dynamics: currents, waves, temperature measurements from moorings in lagoon sites along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast, 2018-ongoing
Starting August 2018, five moorings deployed on the seafloor of multiple lagoons in the Beaufort Sea will record currents, waves, temperature, and pressure. Moorings are retrieved and re-deployed each August. This data is being collected to better understand the multi-seasonal circulation dynamics between the Beaufort Sea and coastal lagoons. Two moorings are deployed in Elson Lagoon, one in Stefansson Sound, one in Jago Lagoon, and one in Kaktovik Lagoon. Each mooring contains two data loggers: RBRduo3 T.D wave loggers and Lowell Instruments LLC TCM-1 tilt current meters. The RBR instruments measure temperature, pressure, and derived wave energy, average wave period, average wave height, maximum wave period, maximum wave height, 1/10 wave period, 1/10 wave height, significant wave period, significant wave height, tidal slope, depth, and sea pressure. The Lowell LLC TML-1 tilt current meters measure water velocity, heading, and temperature.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Long-term Community Dynamics: Backreef (Lagoon) Corals Annual Survey, ongoing since 2005 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-mcr/1038/10. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This dataset contains the percentage cover of all stony corals (Scleractinia, pooled among genera) and other major groups analyzed from 0.5 x 0.5 m photographic quadrats at the Backreef habitat at the Moorea Coral Reef LTER, French Polynesia. This survey time series began in 2005 and is repeated each year in April. Functional groups counted are: Scleractinian corals, Macroalgae, Crustose Coralline Algae / Bare Space, Soft Corals, Hydrocorals (Millepora), Algal Turf and Sand. The coral community was sampled photographically in all represented habitats surrounding the island: Fringing Reef, Lagoon, and Outer Reef. This dataset contains only Lagoon (Backreef) data (see knb-lter-mcr.4 for the other habitats) and is structured in a repeated-measures protocol to allow a statistical contrast of sites, shores and times. Community structure was determined through a coarse analysis of the benthic community, initially completed in situ (2005), but using photoquadrats from 2006. There are quadrats analyzed at each of five areas within each site, and the areas are revisited (but not the quadrats) each year to support the repeated measures design. There are two tables available, providing different views of the same data: a long table having all values in one column and a wide table having a separate column for each observed object. Detailed methods are available in the protocols section. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. R
Groundwater levels and temperature in coastal tundra adjacent to Simpson Lagoon, Alaska, 2022
The coastal tundra adjacent to Simpson Lagoon, along Alaska's Beaufort Sea coast, was visited in July and September/October 2022 to assess coastal groundwater dynamics along the lagoon. Groundwater levels were monitored in five piezometers aligned in a transect oriented perpendicular to Simpson Lagoon, as well as surface water levels in the lagoon. Loggers were deployed on July 22, 2022, and collected on September 29, 2022. Data include surface water and groundwater elevation data from July 22, 2022, to September 29, 2022, with the elevation relative to a local datum. All levels have been corrected for barometric pressure (see methods). Also included is groundwater temperature data from the well closest to the lagoon (Well 5).
Time series of water column pH from lagoon sites along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast, 2018-ongoing
Beginning in August 2018, the Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (BLE LTER) program will record water column pH time series (hourly) from a benthic mooring containing a Seabird SeaFET V2 buoyed 10 cm from the lagoon seafloor. pH values are logged from the instrument’s internal sensor and reported on the total hydrogen ion scale. Site bottom water is collected and analyzed in the laboratory to employ a single point calibration to the data during post-processing. Another discrete water sample is collected months after instrument deployment to determine uncertainty (2018-2019 season: 0.002).
Satellite-based remote sensing of water clarity in the shallow coastal lagoons of Virginia 2013-2021
This dataset contains raw data, analysis products and code for a study of satellite-based estimation of water clarity. The files are: Match-up.csv: In situ Secchi depths collected by the Virginia Coast Reserve Long Term Ecological Research project (VCR LTER), matched with satellite (Landsat-8/Sentinel-2) Secchi depth estimates from 2013-2022 from NASA SeaDAS 8.2. Satellite overpasses occurred +/- 0-1 days within in situ sampling. Valid remote sensing reflectance values (Rrs) from NASA SeaDAS (not masked by quality flags) were recovered at 12 of 17 in situ sampling sites: 6 ocean inlet sites, 2 lagoon site, and 3 mainland tidal creek sites. Therefore, there are 12 in situ sites available for comparison with satellite estimates. compare_L8S2.csv: Satellite data and water clarity estimates from 150 randomly sampled sites across 5 clear day images in the Virginia Coast Reserve, 2021. Satellite data are from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 and processed/atmospherically-corrected using NASA SeaDAS 8.2. The Virginia Coast Reserve is a coastal lagoon system located in Virginia, USA, near the southern tip of the Delmarva Peninsula. Due to low nitrogen inputs and frequent exchange with the Atlantic Ocean via inlets between barrier islands, water quality is high relative to many other coastal bays in the United States and worldwide. Spatial_averaging_analysis.csv: Secchi depths at in situ water quality sites at 10 m resolution (Sentinel-2 only), 30 m resolution (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2), and 90 m resolution (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2) where there are in situ match-ups. atmocorrect.csv: In situ Secchi depths collected by the Virginia Coast Reserve Long Term Ecological Research project (VCR LTER), matched with satellite (Landsat-8/Sentinel-2) Secchi depth estimates from 2013-2022 from NASA SeaDAS 8.2 and ACOLITE Version 2022022.00. L8_ALL.csv: All Landsat-8 Secchi depth data available between 2013-2021 at in situ water quality sites. S2_ALL.csv: All Sentinel-2 Secchi depth data availab
Abundance and Size of Seagrass-Associated Fishes in the Virginia Coastal Lagoons, 2019-2024
These data comprise annual summer estimates of the abundance (counts) and size (length) of fishes across restored seagrass meadows of the Virginia coastal lagoons. Fish were collected using a 25-ft (7.62-m) wide beach seine hauled by hand over a 25 m linear swath of the seafloor. Seine hauls were collected in June at 31 sites (1 haul per site). All fish caught in the seine were identified to lowest practical taxonomic level, counted, measured (total length), and released. Data collection began in June 2019 and continues annually (sampling was not carried out in 2020 due to logistical interruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic). Data on water temperature, salinity, and conductivity were collected while sampling occurred using a YSI 30 probe. Dissolved oxygen measurements were collected using a YSI ProODO probe. In 2019, these data were collected on at the top and bottom of the water column, but in 2021 and subsequent sampling only one observation (mid-water column) was made. To reconcile this difference for the combined data set, top and bottom environmental measurements from 2019 were averaged. Each fish collection site is co-located with a nearby synoptic site where long-term measurements of seagrass, sediments, and fauna are made. The relationship between site names and coordinates are given in Synoptic_fish_sites.csv. The sites where fish sampling occurred are different and are given by the "fish_sites" column, with coordinates for these sites under the "fish_longitude" and "fish_latitude" columns. Importantly, the coordinates of where sampling occurred will differ slightly between years without a change to the name of the site. Site geographic coordinates for individual years are in the PhysicalSamples.csv file. Sites are separated by at least 300 meters. In 2023, three new sites were added to represent unvegetated areas outside of but near the seagrass meadows. These sites are HI29, SPDR-bare, and SS-bare, and are designed to serve as references for se
Abundance, biomass, and length of seagrass-associated invertebrates in the Virginia coastal lagoons, 2019-2023
These data comprise annual summer estimates of the abundance (counts), biomass (dry mass), and individual lengths of infaunal and epifaunal invertebrates across restored seagrass meadows (eelgrass Zostera marina) of the coastal lagoons of Virginia, USA. Infauna were collected during low tide by hand using cylindrical benthic cores. Epifauna were collected during low tide using cubic weighted throw traps that were sampled with dip nets. Incidentally captured fishes are included in these data. In 2019-2022, 50 sites were sampled, using 3 replicates per sampling method per site. Beginning with 2023 sampling, two additional sites were added that are consistently bare of seagrass (unvegetated seafloor). At sites with patchy areas of seagrass and bare substrate, cores were collected within seagrass only and thus represent seagrass-associated fauna at those sites, rather than a spatially haphazard sample. At the few sites that lack seagrass, cores were collected in bare substrate. All cores were separated by 25 m. Regardless of substrate and seagrass conditions, throw traps were deployed haphazardly and separated by at least 10 m. In the laboratory, invertebrates were first sorted to broad taxonomic groups and later identified to lowest practical taxonomic level and enumerated. Most taxonomic groups were either dried and weighed by taxon or measured as individual length by specimen. Existing data include one table with counts and weights for broad taxonomic groups (2019-2023) and three tables related to lowest practical taxonomic identification (2019-2020), including one for counts and biomass, one for individual lengths, and one for taxonomic information. Data collection began in July 2019 and continues annually in June-July.
Migratory shorebird habitat use, diet, and prey selection on mudflats in the Virginia barrier island and lagoon system, 2023-2024
Migratory shorebirds require access to heterogenous resources during migration. Understanding how shorebirds utilize different foraging substrates and food resources across the coastal landscape is important for informing conservation. We compared shorebird habitat use and invertebrate prey communities between barrier island and mudflat foraging substrates. We counted shorebirds and collected prey samples at random points on sand, peat, and mudflat substrates during spring migration (May 14 - June 2), 2023 - 2024. We opportunistically collected fecal samples on mudflats in our study area and used fecal DNA metabarcoding with 18S (invertebrates) and 23S (biofilm) primers to describe the diets of dunlin (Calidris alpina), red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) and semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla). We then used network null modeling to determine if our focal species were selectively consuming invertebrates on mudflats. Peat banks were the most heavily used intertidal substrate and mudflats supported similar shorebird abundances and species richness to sand. Dunlin and semipalmated sandpipers were more abundant on peat and mudflats, while red knots were more abundant on sand and peat. Invertebrate density was highest on peat banks and similar between mudflat and sand substrate, though mudflats supported a more diverse prey community. Amphipod crustaceans, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), and polychaete worms were main prey consumed by all species on mudflats. Dunlin and semipalmated sandpipers fed primarily on crustaceans whereas red knots mainly fed on bivalves. All species consumed biofilm and a high proportion of diatoms were observed in fecal samples collected from semipalmated sandpipers. Red knots and dunlin selectively consumed bivalves on mudflats while semipalmated sandpipers showed no dietary preferences. Managing staging sites to preserve a diversity of intertidal habitats is critical for meeting the variable foraging requirements of migratory shorebirds.
Concentration of nanoparticles per mL for water samples collected from Venice Lagoon
<p>The concentration of nanoparticles from surface seawater collected from the three sites of Venice Lagoon, Venice-Lido Port Inlet, Grand Canal under Rialto Bridge, and Saint Marc basin was analyzed via the Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis technique. Five replications were tested for each sample. Sampling locations: Venice-Lido Port Inlet, GPS coordinates: latitude: 45.431508, longi-tude: 12.406952; Grand Canal under Rialto Bridge, GPS coordinates: latitude: 45.438350, longitude: 12.336311; and Saint Marc basin, GPS coordinates: latitude: 45.431962, longitude: 12.340953.</p>
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Long-term Community Dynamics: Backreef (Lagoon) Corals Annual Survey, ongoing since 2005 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/321/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-mcr/1038/10. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This dataset contains the percentage cover of all stony corals (Scleractinia, pooled among genera) and other major groups analyzed from 0.5 x 0.5 m photographic quadrats at the Backreef habitat at the Moorea Coral Reef LTER, French Polynesia. This survey time series began in 2005 and is repeated each year in April. Functional groups counted are: Scleractinian corals, Macroalgae, Crustose Coralline Algae / Bare Space, Soft Corals, Hydrocorals (Millepora), Algal Turf and Sand. The coral community was sampled photographically in all represented habitats surrounding the island: Fringing Reef, Lagoon, and Outer Reef. This dataset contains only Lagoon (Backreef) data (see knb-lter-mcr.4 for the other habitats) and is structured in a repeated-measures protocol to allow a statistical contrast of sites, shores and times. Community structure was determined through a coarse analysis of the benthic community, initially completed in situ (2005), but using photoquadrats from 2006. There are quadrats analyzed at each of five areas within each site, and the areas are revisited (but not the quadrats) each year to support the repeated measures design. There are two tables available, providing different views of the same data: a long table having all values in one column and a wide table having a separate column for each observed object. Detailed methods are available in the protocols section. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under
Model estimates of runoff, dissolved organic carbon, soil temperature and moisture for Elson Lagoon watershed, Alaska, 1981-2020
This dataset contains model estimates of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) yield (mg C/m^2) and runoff (mm), for surface and subsurface flows, soil temperature (degree C), and soil moisture (% of soil volume) for grid cells spanning the Elson Lagoon watershed in northwest Alaska. Daily air temperature, precipitation, and wind speed data from Utqiagvik airport were used for meteorological forcings for the daily simulation by the Permafrost Water Balance Model (PWBM) from 1981 to 2020. The DOC and runoff data files are organized by grid cell and month. The soil temperature and soil moisture files are organized by grid cell and day of year (DOY), and contain values for the first eight model soil layers, with centers of the layers at 1, 3, 8, 13, 23, 33, 45, 55 cm depth. The estimates are most useful for analyses of the dynamics of the watershed’s surface and subsurface runoff and DOC yield. Leachate DOC concentrations can be obtained using the gridded runoff and yield values. A manuscript describing the data and associated analysis has been accepted for publication in Environmental Research Letters (Rawlins et al., 2021).
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) time series from lagoon sites along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast, 2018-ongoing
To understand seasonality and production as part of the Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystem Long Term Ecological Research program, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is recorded in situ, starting August 2018 across the Beaufort Sea coast. Spherical quantum sensors measure PAR ~0.5 m above the benthos at underwater mooring locations and cosine sensors measure incident PAR at the surface at a permanent land-based station.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Long-term Community Dynamics: Backreef (Lagoon) Corals Annual Survey, ongoing since 2005
This dataset contains the percentage cover of all stony corals (Scleractinia, pooled among genera) and other major groups analyzed from 0.5 x 0.5 m photographic quadrats at the Backreef habitat at the Moorea Coral Reef LTER, French Polynesia. This survey time series began in 2005 and is repeated each year in April. Functional groups counted are: Scleractinian corals, Macroalgae, Crustose Coralline Algae / Bare Space, Soft Corals, Hydrocorals ( Millepora ), Algal Turf and Sand. The coral community was sampled photographically in all represented habitats surrounding the island: Fringing Reef, Lagoon, and Outer Reef. This dataset contains only Lagoon (Backreef) data (see knb-lter-mcr.4 for the other habitats) and is structured in a repeated-measures protocol to allow a statistical contrast of sites, shores and times. Community structure was determined through a coarse analysis of the benthic community, initially completed in situ (2005), but using photoquadrats from 2006. There are quadrats analyzed at each of five areas within each site, and the areas are revisited (but not the quadrats) each year to support the repeated measures design. There are two tables available, providing different views of the same data: a long table having all values in one column and a wide table having a separate column for each observed object. Detailed methods are available in the protocols section.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column microbial community data in lagoons of Moorea, French Polynesia
Microbes process a significant fraction of organic material in marine systems, and the composition and activity of their communities are strongly modulated by fluctuations in nutrient availability. To investigate the distribution and dynamics of microbial communities in tropical lagoon ecosystems, bacteria and archaea were quantified from water column samples collected in lagoons around Moorea, French Polynesia during May 2021, April 2022, and April 2023 using eDNA sequencing. Environmental DNA was extracted and sequenced to assess microbial community composition, with data processed using the QIIME 2 platform (version 2023.7). Microbial communities in fringing reef habitats differed from those in mid-lagoon and back reef sites. These differences in microbial communities were related to patterns of water column nutrients and fluorescent dissolved organic matter, providing a baseline for understanding how lagoon microbial communities respond to spatial and temporal variability in reef environments.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coral mortality in the lagoon of Moorea in 2019
The data included in this data package were collected in the lagoon of Moorea, French Polynesia. Data on coral mortality were collected in July 2019. Data on nitrogen content (%N) in the long-lived brown macroalga Turbinaria ornata were collected during six sampling campaigns between January 2016 and May 2021 to characterize nitrogen availability at each site. Data on seawater temperatures at six LTER sites in the back reef were collected from 2005-2019, but temperature loggers at two sites (LTER 1 and LTER 6) only recorded partial ocean temperature records during the heatwave from 2018-2019. We used our entire time series (spanning from 2005 to 2018) of temperature across our four long-term sites for which we have data in 2019 to predict ocean temperature data for LTER 1 and LTER 6 in 2019. These data were used for analyses in the manuscript entitled "Effects of nitrogen enrichment on coral mortality depend on the intensity of heat stress".
Orthophoto mosaic from UAV of a Pinna nobilis population within the Venice lagoon
<p>Orthophoto mosaic from a UAV survey on a tidal flat within the Venice lagoon (Italy) colonized by Pinna nobilis and Cymodocea nodosa. On June 23<sup>rd</sup>, 2020 at 06:05 a.m. (GMT) (07:05 solar local time) UAV images were collected at low tide with a DJI Zenmuse X4S camera (20 Mpixels, focal length 8.8 mm, 1-inch CMOS Sensor) mounted on a professional quadcopter DJI Matrice210v2. A total of 228 images were collected and the Agisoft Metashape Pro v 1.6.2 software was then used to produce an ortho-photo mosaic through Structure from Motion photogrammetric technique.</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group FM1.3 Intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>FM1.3 Intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Initial Sample of HYPERNETS Hyperspectral Water Reflectance Measurements for Satellite Validation at Berre coastal lagoon, BEFR site (France)
<p>The HYPERNETS project (www.hypernets.eu) has the overall aim to ensure that high quality in situ measurements are available to support the (VNIR/SWIR) optical Copernicus products. Therefore, it established a new autonomous hyperspectral spectroradiometer (HYPSTAR® - www.hypstar.eu) dedicated to land and water surface reflectance validation with instrument pointing capabilities. In the prototype phase, the instrument is being deployed at 24 sites covering a range of water and land types and a range of climatic and logistic conditions. This dataset provides the first published data for the HYPERNETS site at Etang de Berre in France (BEFR). It is a subset of the complete data record which consists of the best quality BEFR measurements which could be used for satellite validation. </p> <p>The provided NetCDF files are the L2A hypernets products with water leaving radiance and reflectances, with and without NIR Similarity Correction (see Ruddick et al., 2006, DOI:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3841124">10.2307/3841124</a>). The reflectance in the L2A products is the Water Reflectance without NIR Similarity Correction (referred to as reflectance_nosc in the file) defined as:</p> <p><span class="math-tex"><em>ρ</em><em>w</em><em>n</em><em>o</em><em>s</em><em>c</em>=<em>π</em>(<em>L</em><em>u</em>−<em>ρ</em><em>F</em><em>L</em><em>d</em>)/<em>E</em><em>d</em></span></p> <p> </p> <p>where Lu is the upwelling radiance (at 40° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun), Ld is the downwelling radiance (at 140° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun). Ed is the (hemispherical) downwelling irradiance (i.e. including both direct solar and diffuse sky irradiance).</p> <p>For the BEFR site, the reflectance corrected for the NIR Similarity correction (epsilon, see Ruddick et al., 2006) is also provided:</p> <p><span class="math-tex"><em>ρ</em><em>w</em>=<em>π</em>(<em>L</em><em>u</em>−<em>ρ</em><em>F</em><em>L</em><em>d</em>)/<em>E</em><em>d</em>−<em>ϵ</em></span></p> <p> </p> <p>These reflectances have dimensions of wavelength and series, where each series is a set of measurements for the computation of a water reflectance measurement. In addition to variables for wavelength and bandwidth, the files also contain variables that provide for each series the acquisition time, viewing and solar angles, and quality flags (typically no flags are set in the data provided in this dataset). These NetCDF files also contain further relevant metadata as attributes. See https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/ for further info.</p> <p>The HYPSTAR®-SR (Standard Range) instruments deployed at each land HYPERNETS site consist of a VNIR sensor and autonomously collect data between 380-1000 nm at various viewing geometries and send it to a central server for quality control and processing. The VNIR sensor spans 1330 channels between 380 and 1000 nm with a FWHM of 3 nm. The hypernets_processor (Goyens et al. 2021, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738">10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738</a>; De Vis et al. in prep.) automatically processes all this data into various products, including the L2A surface reflectance product provided here. The current dataset is limited to the 400-900 nm range. Uncertainties are not yet included.</p> <p>To obtain this dataset, we start from the full BEFR data record and omit all the data that do not pass all of the quality checks performed as part of the hypernets_processor. In addition, an additional screening procedure was developed to supply the best quality data suitable for satellite validation:</p> <p>1. The coefficient of variation in water reflectance is below 10% in the 500-600 nm range</p> <p>2. The water reflectance (after correction for the NIR similarity) between 700-900 nm is below 0.01</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.