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39 results for “landscape gradient”
Data from: Decreasing predation rates and shifting predator compositions along a land-use gradient in Madagascar's vanilla landscapes
<p>1. Land-use change is the main driver of deforestation and land degradation resulting in the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in north-eastern Madagascar. Vanilla, the region's main cash crop, is grown in agroforestry systems and may provide an opportunity for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.</p> <p>2. We used dummy caterpillars to assess predation rates and predator communities along a land-use gradient including unburned old-growth and forest fragments, herbaceous and woody fallows after shifting cultivation with fire usage, as well as rice paddies. The studied vanilla agroforests were either forest-derived or fallow-derived. Besides land-use type, we considered the effects of land-use history (unburned/burned), plot-level parameters and the landscape composition to conclude on management recommendations.</p> <p>3. Old-growth forest and forest fragments exhibited highest predation rates, which decreased with land-use intensity. Overall, predation was higher in unburned land-use types than in more open, previously burned habitats and rice paddies. High stem and vegetation densities were positively related to predation rates, but decreased with land-use intensity. High forest cover in the surrounding landscape led to higher predation rates, while local structural parameters remained more important.</p> <p>4. The predator community was arthropod-dominated across all land-use types with ants responsible for between 33 % and 69 % of all predation events. Overall predator composition in old-growth and forest fragments differed from all other land-use types. Predation by Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) was lower in all land-use types, including forest-derived vanilla, than in old-growth forest and forest fragments, where they were important contributors to total predation. Vertebrate predation was low throughout.</p> Synthesis and applications: Forested habitats feature higher predation rates and different predator compositions than other land-use systems. Maintaining or restoring tree- and understory-rich vanilla agroforestry represents a viable tool in landscape conservation programmes as it has the potential to contribute to the conservation of predation as an important ecosystem function in both forest- and fallow-derived agroforests. However, vanilla agroforestry has limited value in conserving forest-specialised predator communities. While the establishment of tree-rich agroforests on former fallow land is favourable for conservation ecosystem functioning, further forest transformation should be <a>avoided</a>.
Supplementary material 1 from: Palomo-Campesino S, Palomo I, Moreno J, González J (2018) Characterising the rural-urban gradient through the participatory mapping of ecosystem services: insights for landscape planning. One Ecosystem 3: e24487. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24487
List of the 19 socio-demographic and ecological parameters used for the study area clustering and their values for each municipality of the study area.
Supplementary material 2 from: Palomo-Campesino S, Palomo I, Moreno J, González J (2018) Characterising the rural-urban gradient through the participatory mapping of ecosystem services: insights for landscape planning. One Ecosystem 3: e24487. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24487
Eigenvalue, percentage of explained variablity and accumulated percentage of explained variability of the five factors (with an eingenvalue higher than 1) result of the PCA analysis and used for the HCA analysis.
Supplementary material 3 from: Palomo-Campesino S, Palomo I, Moreno J, González J (2018) Characterising the rural-urban gradient through the participatory mapping of ecosystem services: insights for landscape planning. One Ecosystem 3: e24487. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24487
Factors' loadings for each of the 19 socio-demographic and ecological variables analysed. Values in bold are statistically significant at P>0.05.
Future fire-driven landscape changes along a southwestern US elevation gradient
<p>Over the 21st century, the combined effects of increased fire activity and climate changes are expected to altered forest composition and structure in many ecosystems by changing post-fire successional trajectories and recovery. The southwestern US mountains encompass varied vegetation types and species according to elevation which do not respond the same to changing climate and fire regime. Moreover, fire exclusion applied during the early 20<sup>th</sup> century has altered forest structure and fuel loads compared to their natural states (i.e. without fire suppression). Consequently, uncertainties persist about future vegetation shifts along the elevation gradient.</p> <p>In this study, we simulated future vegetation dynamics along an elevation gradient in the southwestern US comprising pinyon-juniper woodlands, ponderosa pine forests and mixed conifer forests for the period 2000-2099, to quantify the effects of future climate conditions and projected wildfires on species productivity and distribution.</p> <p>While we expected to find larger changes at low elevation due to warmer and drier conditions, the largest changes occurred at high elevation in mixed-conifer forests and were caused by wildfire. The largest increase in high-severity and large fires were recorded in this vegetation type, leading to high mortality of the dominant species, <i>Picea engelmannii</i> and <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, which are not adapted to fire. The loss of these two species reduced biomass productivity at high elevation. In ponderosa pine forests and pinyon-juniper woodlands, fewer vegetation changes occurred due to higher abundance of well-adapted species to fire and the lower fuel loads mitigating projected fire activity, respectively.</p> <p>Thus, future research should prioritize understanding of the processes involved in future vegetation shifts in mixed-conifer forests in order to mitigate the risk of loss of diversity specific to high-elevation forests and the decrease in biomass productivity, and thus carbon storage capacity, of these ecosystems due to wildfires.</p>
FIGURE 2–5. Optical microscope view. 2 in Specificity of fleas associated with opossums in a landscape gradient in the Paranaense Rainforest Ecoregion
FIGURE 2–5. Optical microscope view. 2) Modified posterior segments of a male specimen of A. (A.) a. ronnai. 3) Detail of the metatibia of Polygenis (P.) r. roberti with seven dorsal notches, the subterminal one with three setae. 4–5) Genitalia and modified posterior segments of 4) female and 5) male specimens of Polygenis (P.) r. roberti.
Data from: Eco-evolutionary dynamics in urbanized landscapes: evolution, species sorting and the change in zooplankton body size along urbanization gradients
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Data from: From a line in the sand to a landscape of decisions: a Hierarchical Diversity Decision Framework (HiDDeF) for estimating and communicating biodiversity loss along anthropogenic gradients
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Data from: Decreasing predation rates and shifting predator compositions along a land-use gradient in Madagascar’s vanilla landscapes
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Future fire-driven landscape changes along a southwestern US elevation gradient
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Natural enemy-herbivore networks along local management and landscape gradients in urban agroecosystems
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Supplementary material 2 from: Lessi BF, Geneletti D, Cortinovis C, Dias MM, Reis MG (2024) Bird richness and Ecosystems Services across an urban to natural gradient in south-eastern Brazil: implications for landscape planning and future scenarios. One Ecosystem 9: e114955. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.9.e114955
Supplementary material 2
Supplementary material 3 from: Lessi BF, Geneletti D, Cortinovis C, Dias MM, Reis MG (2024) Bird richness and Ecosystems Services across an urban to natural gradient in south-eastern Brazil: implications for landscape planning and future scenarios. One Ecosystem 9: e114955. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.9.e114955
Supplementary material 3
Supplementary material 1 from: Lessi BF, Geneletti D, Cortinovis C, Dias MM, Reis MG (2024) Bird richness and Ecosystems Services across an urban to natural gradient in south-eastern Brazil: implications for landscape planning and future scenarios. One Ecosystem 9: e114955. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.9.e114955
Supplementary material 1
Portfolio effect and asynchrony as drivers of stability in plant-pollinator communities along a gradient of landscape heterogeneity
<p>Understanding how pollination services can be maintained in increasingly anthropogenic landscapes is a current challenge for basic and applied ecology. The stability of plant-pollinator communities might increase in heterogeneous landscapes with a high diversity of species and alternative habitats, both through increased portfolio effect (property of communities to fluctuate less than the sum of its counterparts) and decreased synchrony (coincident changes in species abundance). However, how these drivers of stability (portfolio effect and synchrony) vary along land-use gradients remains largely unknown. Using independent samplings for plants, pollinators, and their interactions in Mediterranean communities along a gradient of landscape heterogeneity, we assessed the relationships between within-year stability and its drivers; and between the drivers of stability, landscape heterogeneity, and species diversity. Besides, we evaluated the relationships between the drivers of interaction stability and the structure of mutualistic networks (modularity, nestedness, connectance). Stability increased with larger portfolio effects and asynchronies. Interaction stability was positively related to pollinator stability, but not to plant stability. Landscape evenness increased the stability of plants, pollinators, and their interactions, through increased portfolio effects. However, for plants and pollinators, the landscape effect was detected at a smaller scale (1-km) than for interactions (2-km); and for pollinators and interactions, the effect was only evident from medium-to-high levels of landscape evenness. Temporal synchrony of species/pairwise interactions was an important driver of stability, tightly linked to species/interaction diversity. More asynchronous communities showed a larger portfolio effect and were also those with higher species evenness for all plants, pollinators, and their interactions; while synchrony was also weakly positively related to species richness for plants. Interestingly, more modular network structures conferred enhanced overall community stability, through higher portfolio effect and asynchrony. Preserving diverse communities within the heterogeneous Mediterranean landscapes helps maintain the stability of pollination services, both through increased asynchrony and portfolio effect.</p>
Pollinator richness, pollination networks and diet adjustment along local and landscape gradients of resource diversity
<p>Loss of habitats and native species, introduction of invasive species, and changing climate regimes lead to the homogenization of landscapes and communities, affecting the availability of habitats and resources for economically important guilds, such as pollinators. Understanding how pollinators and their interactions vary along resource diversity gradients at different scales may help to determine their adaptability to current diversity loss related to global change. We used data on 20 plant-pollinator communities along gradients of flower richness (local diversity) and landscape heterogeneity (landscape diversity) to understand how the diversity of resources at local and landscape scales affected: (1) wild pollinator abundance and richness (accounting also for honeybee abundance); (2) the structure of plant-pollinator networks; (3) the proportion of actively selected interactions (those not occurring by neutral processes) and (4) pollinator diet breadth and species' specialization in networks. Wild pollinator abundance was higher overall in flower-rich and heterogeneous habitats, while wild pollinator richness increased with flower richness (more strongly for beetles and wild bees) and decreased with honeybee abundance. Network specialization (H2'), modularity, and functional complementarity were all positively related to floral richness and landscape heterogeneity, indicating niche segregation as the diversity of resources increases at both scales. Flower richness also increased the proportion of actively selected interactions (especially for wild bees and flies), whereas landscape heterogeneity had a weak negative effect on this variable. Overall, network-level metrics responded to larger landscape scales than pollinator-level metrics did. Higher floral richness resulted in a wider taxonomic and functional diet for all the study guilds, while functional diet increased mainly for beetles. Despite this, specialization in networks (d') increased with flower richness for all the study guilds, because pollinator species fed on a narrower subset of plants as communities became richer in species. Our study indicates that pollinators are able to adapt their diet to resource changes at local and landscape scales. However, resource homogenization might lead to poor and generalist pollinator communities, where functionally specialized interactions are lost. This study highlights the importance of including different scales to understand the effects of global change on pollination service through changes in resource diversity.</p>
Portfolio effect and asynchrony as drivers of stability in plant-pollinator communities along a gradient of landscape heterogeneity
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Pollinator richness, pollination networks and diet adjustment along local and landscape gradients of resource diversity
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FIGURE 1 in Specificity of fleas associated with opossums in a landscape gradient in the Paranaense Rainforest Ecoregion
FIGURE 1. Map of the city of Puerto Iguazú with the four study areas: on the left, urban area in dark, peri-urban area in light; on the right, anthropized forest environments in light, protected natural areas in dark.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.