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FIGURE 4 in Possible amphi-Atlantic dispersal of Scyllarus lobsters (Crustacea: Scyllaridae): molecular and larval evidence

FIGURE 4. Scyllarus subarctus, Phyllosoma final stage (PHMF 92). (A) ventral view, (B) dactylus of first pereiopod, (C) dactylus of second pereiopod, (D) dactylus of third pereiopod, (E) dactylus of fourth pereiopod, (F) left side of thorax, dorsal view, (G) detailed view of distal part of proximal exopod segment. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B-F = 1 mm; G = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Possible amphi-Atlantic dispersal of Scyllarus lobsters (Crustacea: Scyllaridae): molecular and larval evidence

FIGURE 2. Scyllarus subarctus, Phyllosoma stage VII (PHMF 13, PHMF 51). (A) ventral view, (B) dactylus of first pereiopod; (C) dactylus of second pereiopod, (D) dactylus of third pereiopod, (E) dactylus of fourth pereiopod. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-E = 500 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Possible amphi-Atlantic dispersal of Scyllarus lobsters (Crustacea: Scyllaridae): molecular and larval evidence

FIGURE 3. Scyllarus subarctus, Phyllosoma subfinal stage (PHMF 56, PHMF 48, SNECII-E89_02). (A) ventral view, (B) dactylus of first pereiopod, (C) dactylus of second pereiopod, (D) dactylus of third pereiopod, (E) dactylus of fourth pereiopod. Scale bars: A = 42 mm; B-E = 500 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Possible amphi-Atlantic dispersal of Scyllarus lobsters (Crustacea: Scyllaridae): molecular and larval evidence

FIGURE 6. Scyllarus subarctus, (A)–(C) maxilla and first maxilliped, (D)–(F) second maxilliped, (H)–(K) third maxilliped, (L)–(N) pleon and fifth pereiopod, ventral view, (O) pleopods of stage VII, subfinal and final stage respectively. Scale bars: A, B, D, H and I = 500 µm; C, E, F, G, L, M and O = 1 mm; N = 2 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Possible amphi-Atlantic dispersal of Scyllarus lobsters (Crustacea: Scyllaridae): molecular and larval evidence

FIGURE 1. Molecular Phylogenetic tree obtained by Maximum Likelihood. Only bootstrap support values above 80 are shown. Larval images adapted from Robertson (1968a, 1968b, 1971) and Palero et al. (2008, 2011).

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

Combining population genomics with demographic analyses highlights habitat patchiness and larval dispersal as determinants of connectivity in coastal fish species

Gene flow shapes spatial genetic structure as well as the potential for local adaptation of populations. Among marine animals with non-migratory adults, the presence or absence of a pelagic larval stage is thought to be a key determinant in shaping gene flow and the genetic structure of populations. In addition, the spatial distribution of suitable habitats will influence the distribution of biological populations and their pattern of gene flow. We used whole genome sequencing to study demographic history and reduced representation (ddRAD) sequencing data to analyze spatial genetic structure in the broadnosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle). Its main habitat are seagrass meadows, which along the study coast (SW Norway) have a patchy distribution. Combining the results from several analyses including scans for selection, suggests that stochastic genetic drift has shaped the observed population structure largely due to its patchy habitat distribution. The restricted gene flow is further driven by life history traits such as the presence of parental care combined with no pelagic life stages, resulting in a clear isolation-by-distance pattern spanning 100s of kilometers. The spatial scale of demographic connectivity was inferred from long-term (~30 year) census population counts that uncovered a sharp decline in spatial correlations in abundance with distance (37% decorrelation over 2 km). These findings were contrasted with data from two other fish species sampled along the same coastline, both having pelagic larval stages lasting ~20 days (corkwing wrasse, Symphodus melops, and black goby, Gobus niger) where the population structure is not that evident. For these species, we found a wider spatial scale of demographic connectivity (decorrelation distances of 14 and 28 km, respectively), and weaker isolation-by-distance except at one point along the coast where both species revealed a strong barrier to gene flow, seemingly due to a lack of suitable habitat. Combined, these findings suggest that habitat fragmentation and absence of a pelagic larval stage in pipefish strongly increases geographic structuring, while the pelagic larvae of wrasse and goby increase genetic and demographic connectivity, except over extensive habitat shifts.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

3D in situ imaging of egg and larval dispersal from a Nassau Grouper spawning aggregation off Little Cayman, Cayman Islands

Over multiple years, we released drifters into egg plumes from the large Nassau Grouper spawning aggregation off the west end of Little Cayman, Cayman Islands. For two cohorts spawned in 2017, we used an in situ plankton imaging system mounted to an undulating towed vehicle to observe the 3D positions of individual eggs and larvae around the drifters up to 36 hours after spawning. We used these data to estimate parameters of a 3D diffusion-mortality model and then predicted the concentration of eggs and larvae around previous years’ drifter tracks to evaluate the possibility of retention and export to nearby islands within five days of spawning. These show local retention on spawning nights in 2017 and 2011, a key year when a large cohort was spawned that subsequently drove population recovery.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Larval dispersal in three coral reef decapod species: influence of larval duration on the metapopulation structure

Database on larval dispersal contains three files in excel format. The name of the files indicates the species and its PLD (pelagic larval duration)

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Oceanographic currents and local ecological knowledge indicate, and genetics does not refute, a contemporary pattern of larval dispersal for the ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus in the South-East Asian archipelago

Here we utilize a combination of genetic data, oceanographic data, and local ecological knowledge to assess connectivity patterns of the ornate spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798) in the South-East Asian archipelago from Vietnam to Australia. Partial mitochondrial DNA control region and 10 polymorphic microsatellites did not detect genetic structure of 216 wild P. ornatus samples from Australia, Indonesia and Vietnam. Analyses show no evidence for genetic differentiation among populations (mtDNA control region sequences ΦST = -0.008; microsatellite loci FST = 0.003). A lack of evidence for regional or localized mtDNA haplotype clusters, or geographic clusters of microsatellite genotypes, reveals a pattern of high gene flow in P. ornatus throughout the South-East Asian Archipelago. This lack of genetic structure may be due to the oceanography-driven connectivity of the pelagic lobster larvae between spawning grounds in Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and, possibly, Indonesia. The connectivity cycle necessitates three generations. The lack of genetic structure of P. ornatus population in the South-East Asian archipelago has important implications for the sustainable management of this lobster in that the species within the region needs to be managed as one genetic stock.

opennotspecifiedSep 2017View details →

Figure 2 in The salinity during larval development affects the dispersion in adults of the tree-climbing crab Aratus pisonii

Figure 2. Survival analysis of Aratus pisonii. Survival percentage of 30 megalopae until juvenile metamorphosis or death in five salinity treatments. Circles with numbers represent events. Events represent metamorphosis to juvenile stage.

opennotspecifiedSep 2017View details →

Figure 1 in The salinity during larval development affects the dispersion in adults of the tree-climbing crab Aratus pisonii

Figure 1. Survival analysis of Aratus pisonii. Survival percentage of 100 zoea larvae until megalopa metamorphosis or death in five salinity treatments. Circles with numbers represent number of events. Events represent metamorphosis to megalopae stage.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Data from: Larval dispersal and fishing pressure influence recruitment in a coral reef fishery

<ol> <li>Understanding larval connectivity patterns in exploited fishes is a fundamental prerequisite for developing effective management strategies and assessing the vulnerability of a fishery to recruitment overfishing and localised extinction. To date however, researchers have not considered how regional variations in fishing pressure also influence recruitment. </li> <li>We used genetic parentage analyses and modelling to infer the dispersal patterns of bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) larvae in the Kia fishing grounds, Isabel Province, Solomon Islands. We then extrapolated our Kia dispersal model to a regional scale by mapping the available nursery and adult habitat for B. muricatum in six regions in the western Solomon Islands, and estimated the relative abundance of adult B. muricatum populations in each of these regions based on available adult habitat and historical and current fishing pressure. </li> <li>Parentage analysis identified 67 juveniles that were the offspring of parents sampled in the Kia fishing grounds. A fitted larval dispersal kernel predicted that 50% of larvae settled within 30 km of their parents, and 95% settled within 85 km of their parents. After accounting for unsampled adults, our model predicted that 34% of recruitment to the Kia fishery was spawned locally. Extrapolating the spatial resolution of the model revealed that a high proportion of the larvae recruiting into the Kia fishing grounds came from nearby regions that had abundant adult populations. Other islands in the archipelago provided few recruits to the Kia fishing grounds, reflecting the greater distances to these islands and lower adult abundances in some regions. </li> <li> Synthesis and <a>applications</a>: This study shows how recruitment into a commercial reef fishery is influenced by larval dispersal patterns and regional variations in historical fishing pressure. The scales of larval connectivity observed for B. muricatum indicate that recruitment overfishing is unlikely if there are lightly exploited reefs up to 85 km away from a heavily fished region, and that small marine protected areas (MPAs) are insufficient to protect this species. We recommend greater efforts to understand the interactions between larval dispersal and gradients of fishing pressure, as this will enable the development of tailored fisheries management <a>strategies.</a> </li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Dataset of Larval dispersal simulations of marine benthic invertebrates around New Zealand

Dataset generated from biophysical simulations modelling larval dispersal around New Zealand with OpenDrift and the Moana Hindcast Backbone from 15 different locations and 4 different maximum PLD lengths.  Within each file, the first 2 columns are a particles starting co-ordinates, columns 3 and 4 are ending co-ordinates, column 5 was state at the end of simulations (contact Charles Michie for more information), and column 6 is the origin. Abbreviations for locations: LMR - Leigh Marine Reserve, CTC - Cathedral Cove, RKK - Rongokako, CST - Castlepoint, ISB - Island Bay, KAI - Kaikoura, SPO - Seal Point, HMB - Half Moon Bay, DBS - Doubtful Sound, JSB - Jackson Bay, CFW - Cape Foulwind, OKB - Okiwi Bay, CPE - Cape Egmont, PIH - Piha Beach, CPR - Cape Reinga (also called FRN - Far North elsewhere). Data will accompany the publication "Variation in the dispersal of marine invertebrate larvae around coastal New ZealandVariation in the dispersal of marine invertebrate larvae around coastal New Zealand"