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Figures 10–19 in New larval host plants and ecological observations on North American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)

Figures 10–19. Larval host plants of Cerambycidae. 10) An old log of Quercus alba covered with lichens and mosses that harbored Typocerus lugubris, exit holes in the inset. 11–12) Quercus sp. stem girdled by Aneflomorpha fisheri. 13) Elongated future emergence hole of Aneflus paracalvatus in Prosopis velutina (holes of A. calvatus in Senegalia greggii are similar). 14) Fig. 13 after removal of a layer of wood – plug in the turn is visible, remnants of the tunnel leading to the plug can be seen due to their darker color. 15) Sclerotized terminal segment of Aneflus levettei larva (dorsal view). 16) Larva of Aneflus calvatus (ventral view) with the terminal segment bearing spikes but not having the area between them sclerotized. 17) Holes along a branch of Quercus emoryi through which Atylostagma glabra expelled frass. 18) Empty central tunnels of A. glabra (split branch from Fig. 17). 19). Future emergence holes of A. glabra on a branch of Quercus emoryi.

Figures 1–7 in New larval host plants and ecological observations on North American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)

Figures 1–7. Larval host plants of Cerambycidae. 1–2) Decayed branches of Fagus grandifolia utilized by Sphenostethus taslei, emergence hole is in Fig. 1, exposed larva in a gallery in Fig. 2. 3–4) Stump of Prunus serotina with emergence holes from Lepthorhabdium pictum. 5) Quercus falcata with a basidiocarp of Phellinus everhartii and an emergence hole from Stenelytrana emarginata (enlarged in the inset). 6) Quercus emoryi with resupinate basidiocarp of Inonotus andersonii. 7) Old emergence holes of Stenelytrana splendens in an oak with an old resupinate basidiocarp of Inonotus andersonii.

Figures 20–26 in New larval host plants and ecological observations on North American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)

Figures 20–26. Larval host plants of Cerambycidae. 20) Galleries of Haplidus laticeps in Vachelia constricta. 21) One sealed opening in a branch of Quercus used by larvae of Metaleptus batesi to expel frass (enlarged in inset). 22) Exit holes of Obrium rubidium on a dead limb of Robinia pseudoacacia (enlarged in inset). 23) Galleries of O. rubidium on a cross-section. 24) Elongated exit holes of Smodicum cucujiforme in a scar on living Quercus (enlarged in the inset). 25) A pile of yellow granular frass around a base of living Mimosa expelled by larvae of Stenaspis solitaria. 26) Pink pupa of Sternidius alpha.

Fig. 6 in Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives

Fig. 6. Tylototriton ziegleri larvae from Bao Lac district, Cao Bang Province with indication of the corresponding developmental stage and scale. Photographs of stages 27 to 36 are from preserved eggs photographed under a digital microscope (photos C. Michel) and photographs of stages 44 and 45 are from individuals in life kept at the Me Linh station (photos T. Ziegler).

Fig. 4 in Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives

Fig. 4. Drawing of a formol-preserved larva of Tylototriton ziegleri at stage 35. Drawing C. Michel.

Fig. 2 in Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives

Fig. 2. Percentage of the number of adults of Tylototriton vietnamensis and T. ziegleri found at each interval of percentage of canopy cover measured above the water of the breeding site.

Fig. 5 in Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives

Fig. 5. Metamorph of Tylototriton ziegleri at stage 44, with an additional finger on left hand, collected in Ha Giang Province in 2012 and preserved in ethanol. Photo M. Bernardes.

Fig. 1. A in Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives

Fig. 1. A. Adult male of Tylototriton ziegleri; B. Habitat type in Bao Lac district, Cao Bang Province; C. Adult male of Tylototriton vietnamensis; D. Habitat type in Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve, Bac Giang Province. Photos M. Bernardes.

Fig. 7 in Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives

Fig. 7. Dark and light phenotypic variations of Tylototriton vietnamensis found at the type locality. Photo M. Bernardes.

Fig. 3. A in Larval development and breeding ecology of Ziegler's Crocodile Newt, Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui and Nguyen, 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae), compared to other Tylototriton representatives

Fig. 3. A: Typical clutch of Tylototriton ziegleri composed by single eggs; B: an exceptional case of "stickiness" where eggs were aggregated in groups of 2–4. Photos M. Bernardes.

Figure 5 in Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) - Part II: Natural history: morphology, ecology, and behaviour, with accounts of larval ecology and insights into the aphytophagous C. dicksoni (Gabriel)

Figure 5 – Obscure iridescent scales of C. amatola stat. nov. (left) and C. aridus (right).

Figure 2 – C. t in Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) - Part II: Natural history: morphology, ecology, and behaviour, with accounts of larval ecology and insights into the aphytophagous C. dicksoni (Gabriel)

Figure 2 – C. t. thysbe aedeagus: (a) lateral view, (b) with vesica everted, (c) dorsal view.

Figure 6 – A in Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) - Part II: Natural history: morphology, ecology, and behaviour, with accounts of larval ecology and insights into the aphytophagous C. dicksoni (Gabriel)

Figure 6 – A common posture of C. thysbe psyche male (Kotzesrus).

Figure 12 in Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) - Part II: Natural history: morphology, ecology, and behaviour, with accounts of larval ecology and insights into the aphytophagous C. dicksoni (Gabriel)

Figure 12 – Silken refuge of C. perseus larva.

Figures 8–9. Stenelytrana splendens. 8 in New larval host plants and ecological observations on North American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)

Figures 8–9. Stenelytrana splendens. 8) Female. 9) Male.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

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Data from: A second New World hover fly, Toxomerus floralis (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae), recorded from the Old World, with description of larval pollen-feeding ecology

Recently (2013–2014), several hoverfly specimens from two localities in Benin and Cameroon (West and Central Africa) were caught from a species that we could not identify using existing identification keys for Afrotropical Syrphidae. Specific identification as Toxomerus floralis (Fabricius) was accomplished using morphology and various Neotropical identification keys. Corroboration of this identification was made by sequencing of the standard COI barcode region and a subsequent BLAST-IDS in BOLD that revealed a 100% sequence similarity with Toxomerus floralis from Suriname (South America). Species identification was further supported by sequencing parts of the nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA genes. The species is widespread in Togo, Benin, Nigeria and Cameroon, and eggs, larvae and adults are abundant at several localities. Yet, the full extent of its geographic distribution within tropical Africa remains to be determined. This is only the second known established introduction of a non-African hoverfly species in the Afrotropics. Interestingly, the larvae of the species have been reported as predators of Aphididae and Delphacidae but we found them to be pollenivorous, which is a rare feeding mode within the subfamily Syrphinae. Moreover, it is the only known Syrphinae species of which the larvae feed on pollen from two plant species from different families (Cyperaceae and Orobranchaceae). This example illustrates how DNA barcoding may allow a fast and accurate identification of introduced species.

opennotspecifiedNov 2016View details →

FIGURES 1–7. Wormaldia asterusia Malicky 1972, fifth instar larva. 1 in The larva of Wormaldia asterusia Malicky 1972 (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) with notes on its ecology and an update on the Wormaldia of Greece with a larval key for species of the genus

FIGURES 1–7. Wormaldia asterusia Malicky 1972, fifth instar larva. 1, larva, lateral; 2, head and pronotum, dorsal; 3, frontoclypeal apotome, dorsal; 4, head, mentum, and submentum, ventral; 5, mandibles, dorsal; 6, head capsule and pronotum, right lateral; 6A, protrochantin and proximal seta of forecoxa, right lateral; 7, anal prolegs, left lateral.

opennotspecifiedDec 2006View details →

FIGURES 19–24 in Nacerdochroa concolor (Brullé, 1839) (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae): taxonomy, ecology, life cycle and larval instars

FIGURES 19–24. Nacerdochroa concolor, larva: 19, cephalic capsule, dorsal view; 20, do., ventral view; 21, apex of left maxilla (a = mala, b = maxillary palpus; 22, prelabium and hypopharynx (a = labial palpus, b = prehypopharynx, c = hypopharynx sclerite; 23, different views of mandibles; 24, side view (t = tergite, s = sternite). Terminology after Rozen.

opennotspecifiedDec 2006View details →

FIGURES 10–18 in Nacerdochroa concolor (Brullé, 1839) (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae): taxonomy, ecology, life cycle and larval instars

FIGURES 10–18. Nacerdochroa concolor, imago:10, maxillary-labial complex; 11, mandibles (a = dorsal view, b= ventral view, c = lateroventral view); 12-13-14, pro-, meso- and metatarsi (a = ventral view, b = dorsal view); 15, tegmen (a = lateral view, b = dorsal view); 16, penis; 17, functional wing; 18, ovipositor (a = vagine, b = baculum of proctiger, c = proctiger, d = coxites, e = styli, f = oblique baculum, g = ventral baculum). Terminology after Hudson.