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154 results for “larval fish”
FIG. 2. — A-C, Heteronybelinia annakohnae n in Larval tapeworms (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda) from sciaenid fishes of the southern coast of Brazil
FIG. 2. — A-C, Heteronybelinia annakohnae n. sp.; A, larva in toto; B, hooks of the first rows of the tentacles; C, basal and metabasal armature; D-F Heteronybelinia estigmena (Dollfus, 1960); D, Larva in toto; E, basal armature; F, hooks of the first rows of the
FIG. 4 in Larval tapeworms (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda) from sciaenid fishes of the southern coast of Brazil
FIG. 4. — Progrillotia dollfusi Carvajal & Rego, 1983; A, larva in toto; B, longitudinal section of the bulb showing implantation of the retrator muscle (rm) in the tentacle and glandular cells (gc) (schematic); C, internal face, metabasal armature; D, internal face, basal armature. Abbreviations: 1-4, falciform hooks of principal row half spiral of metabasal armature in the antibothridial face; 1'-3', in the bothridial face; a, b, intercalar hooks in the antibothridial face; a', b', in the bothridial face; Ba, Bb, Be, uncinate hooks of basal
FIG. 7. — A, B in Larval tapeworms (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda) from sciaenid fishes of the southern coast of Brazil
FIG. 7. — A, B, unidentified procercoid larva; A, larva in toto; B, same with retracted cercomer; C, D, unidentified plerocercoid larva;
Fig. 6 in Fish larvae from the upper Paraná River: Do abiotic factors affect larval density?
Fig. 6. Conceptual model showing the relationships among abiotic factors, species larvae and areas (arrow directions on axis show increasing values of abiotic factors).
Fig. 3 in Fish larvae from the upper Paraná River: Do abiotic factors affect larval density?
Fig. 3. Mean scores (rectangles) and standard error (bars) (Axis 1=a and Axis 2=b of the Detrended Correspondence Analysis; DCA), derived from the larva density matrix for the different areas (AMA= Amambaí River, IVA= Ivaí River, PAR= Paraná River and RES= Itaipu Reservoir).
Data from: Empirical verification of feeding selectivity of larval and juvenile pelagic fishes using in situ zooplankton communities
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Lunar rhythms in growth of larval fish
<p>Growth and survival of larval fishes is highly variable and unpredictable. Our limited understanding of this variation constrains our ability to forecast population dynamics and effectively manage fisheries. Here we show that daily growth rates of a coral reef fish (the sixbar wrasse, Thalassoma hardwicke) are strongly lunar-periodic and predicted by the timing of nocturnal brightness: growth was maximized when the first half of the night was dark and the second half of the night was bright. Cloud cover that obscured moonlight facilitated a 'natural experiment', and confirmed the effect of moonlight on growth. We suggest that lunar-periodic growth may be attributable to light-mediated suppression of diel vertical migrations of predators and prey. Accounting for such effects will improve our capacity to predict the future dynamics of marine populations, especially in response to climate-driven changes in nocturnal cloud cover and intensification of artificial light, which could lead to population declines by reducing larval survival and growth.<br> EndDryadContent</p>
Individual variation in marine larval-fish swimming speed and the emergence of dispersal kernels
<p>Dispersal emerges as a consequence of how an individual's phenotype interacts with the environment. Not all dispersing individuals have the same phenotype, and variation among individuals can generate complex variation in the distribution of dispersal distances and directions. While active locomotion performance is an obvious candidate for a dispersal phenotype, its effects on dispersal are difficult to measure or predict, especially in small organisms dispersing in wind or currents. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of larval swimming on dispersal and settlement of coral-reef fish larvae using a high-resolution biophysical model. The model is, to date, the only biophysical model of marine larval dispersal that has been statistically validated against genetic parentage estimates of larval origin and destination, and incorporates empirically-estimated larval behaviors and their ontogeny. Larval swimming, in combination with depth, orientation, and navigation behaviors, actually reduced dispersal distances compared to those of passive larvae. Swimming had no consistent effects on long distance dispersal, but increased the spread of settlement locations. Swimming speed, in contrast, did not consistently affect median dispersal distances, but faster swimming larvae had greater mean and maximum dispersal distances than slower swimming larvae. Finally, faster larval swimming speeds consistently increased the probability of settlement. Our analysis shows how larval swimming differentially affects multiple properties of dispersal kernels. In doing so, it indicates how selection could favor faster larval swimming to increase settlement, which may actually result in longer dispersal distances as a by-product of larvae trying to locate habitat rather than to disperse greater distances.</p>
Shifts in the composition and distribution of Pacific Arctic larval fish assemblages in response to rapid ecosystem change
<p>The Pacific Arctic marine ecosystem has undergone rapid changes in recent years due to ocean warming, sea ice loss, and increased northward transport of Pacific‐origin waters into the Arctic. These climate‐mediated changes have been linked to range shifts of juvenile and adult subarctic (boreal) and Arctic fish populations, though it is unclear whether distributional changes are also occurring during the early life stages. We analyzed larval fish abundance and distribution data sampled in late summer from 2010 to 2019 in two interconnected Pacific Arctic ecosystems: the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, to determine whether recent warming and loss of sea ice have restricted habitat for Arctic species and altered larval fish assemblage composition from Arctic‐ to boreal‐associated taxa. Multivariate analyses revealed the presence of three distinct multi‐species assemblages across all years: (1) a boreal assemblage dominated by yellowfin sole (<em>Limanda aspera</em>), capelin (<em>Mallotus catervarius</em>), and walleye pollock (<em>Gadus chalcogrammus</em>); (2) an Arctic assemblage composed of Arctic cod (<em>Boreogadus saida</em>) and other common Arctic species; and (3) a mixed assemblage composed of the dominant species from the other two assemblages. We found that the wind‐ and current‐driven northward advection of warmer, subarctic waters and the unprecedented low‐ice conditions observed in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas beginning in 2017 and persisting into 2018 and 2019 have precipitated community‐wide shifts, with the boreal larval fish assemblage expanding northward and offshore and the Arctic assemblage retreating poleward. We conclude that Arctic warming is most significantly driving changes in abundance at the leading and trailing edges of the Chukchi Sea larval fish community as boreal species increase in abundance and Arctic species decline. Our analyses document how quickly larval fish assemblages respond to environmental change and reveal that the impacts of Arctic borealization on fish community composition spans multiple life stages over large spatial scales.</p>
Fig 2 in Nutritional characteristics and costs of diets based on fish, spirulina, maggot and earthworm meals at the larval phase of rearing tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Fig 2: Maggot
Fig 1 in Nutritional characteristics and costs of diets based on fish, spirulina, maggot and earthworm meals at the larval phase of rearing tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Fig 1: Spirulina
Fig 3 in Nutritional characteristics and costs of diets based on fish, spirulina, maggot and earthworm meals at the larval phase of rearing tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Fig 3: Earthworm
Coupling and de-coupling of the El Niño Southern Oscillation to the supply of larval fishes to benthic populations in the Hawaiian Islands
<p>Several recent high intensity ENSO events have caused strong negative impacts on the adult phases of foundational species in coral reef ecosystems, but comparatively little is known about how climatic variables related to recent ENSOs are impacting the supply of larvae to benthic populations. In marine fishes and invertebrates, reproductive adults and planktonic larvae are generally more sensitive to environmental variability than older, non-reproductive adults. Further, the transport of larvae in ocean currents may also be strongly ENSO dependent. The interactions between the dynamics of larval survivorship and larval transport could lead to population bottlenecks as stronger ENSO events become more common. We tested the predictions of this hypothesis around the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) by constructing a correlation matrix of physical and biological time series variables that spanned 11 years (2007 – 2017) and multiple ENSO events. Our correlation matrix included four types of variables: i. published ENSO indices, ii. satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll variables, iii. abundance and diversity of larval fishes sampled during the late winter spawning season off Oahu, and iv. abundance and diversity of coral reef fish recruits sampled on the western shore of the Big Island of Hawaii. We found that the abundance and diversity of larval fishes was negatively correlated with the Multivariate El Niño Index (MEI), and that larval variables were positively correlated with measures of fall recruitment (September & November), but not correlated with spring-summer recruitment (May & July). In the MHI, SST variables were not correlated with the MEI, but two successive El Niño events of 2014-15 and 2015-2016 were characterized by SST maxima approaching 30 °C. Two large pulses of benthic recruitment occurred in the 2009 and 2014 recruitment seasons, with > 8000 recruits observed by divers over the summer and fall months. Both events were characterized by either neutral or negative MEI indices measured during the preceding winter months. These patterns suggest that La Niña and the neutral phases of the ENSO cycle are generally favorable for adult reproduction and larval development in the spring and summer, while El Niño phases may limit recruitment in the late summer and fall. We hypothesize that episodic recruitment during non-El Niño phases is related to favorable survivorship and transport dynamics that are associated with the formation of pairs of anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies on the leeward sides (western shores) of the Main Hawaiian Islands.</p>
Fig. 1 in Fish larvae from the upper Paraná River: Do abiotic factors affect larval density?
Fig. 1. Map of the upper Paraná River showing the location of the sampling stations.
Data from: A habitat and a parasite: Adult and larval parasitic freshwater mussels impact habitat choice and predator-prey interactions of a host fish and its prey
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Coupling and de-coupling of the El Niño Southern Oscillation to the supply of larval fishes to benthic populations in the Hawaiian Islands
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Data from: Larval developmental histories, phenotypes, and stage-specific fitness of a temperate reef fish (<em>Forsterygion lapillum</em>)
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Shifts in the composition and distribution of Pacific Arctic larval fish assemblages in response to rapid ecosystem change
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Post-larval processes reduce the diversity of coral reef fish communities
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Individual variation in marine larval-fish swimming speed and the emergence of dispersal kernels
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