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FIGURES 16–18 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 16–18. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 16, 17, paratype, slide no. AD712; 18, same, phallus, slide no. AD716.

FIGURES 12–15 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 12–15. Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 12, adult, male, holotype; 13, same, female, paratype; 14, male genitalia, slide no. AD711, holotype, capsule; 15, same, phallus.

FIGURES 24–27 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 24–27. Female genitalia of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 24, paratype, slide no. AD719; 25, same, coils of ductus spermathecae; 26, 27, paratype, apophyses, slide no. AD714.

FIGURES 22, 23 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 22, 23. Female genitalia of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov., paratype, slide no. AD719.

FIGURES 7–11 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 7–11. Bionomics of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 7, 8, host-plant Sida rhombifolia L., Malvaceae; 9–11, leaf-mines with feeding larvae (9, 10) and pupa (11).

FIGURES 1–6 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 1–6. Distribution of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 1, 6, habitat, Puerto Misahuallí, Ecuador; 2, same, Puerto Maldonado, Peru; 3, 5, same, El Remate & Tikal, Guatemala; 4, map of currently known distribution.

FIGURES 53–60. Leaf mines and adults. 53–55 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 53–60. Leaf mines and adults. 53–55, leaf mines of Coptotriche sp. discovered on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes; 56, 57, novel host plant, Serjania sp., possibly S. grandis Seem. (Sapindaceae); 58, habitat where the leaf mines were found on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes (Huacapistana, NW of Carpapata, 2900 m); 59, 60, male holotype of C. carmencita Stonis & Diškus, a recently described species (Stonis et al. 2019a) discovered in the Peruvian "selva alta" (Ecological Park Fundo San José, La Merced, Junín Region, Peru, 840–900 m)

FIGURES 35–40 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 35–40. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria yungasi Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 35, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1070; 36, uncus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1034; 37, valvae and vinculum, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1034; 38, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide AD1070; 39, 40, details of capsule, paratype, genitalia slide no. 1034 (ZIN)

FIGURES 11–18 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 11–18. Astrotischeria serjaniphaga Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. 11–13, leaf mines on Serjania Mill., possibly S. squarrosa Radlk. (Sapindaceae), Curahuasi, Apurímac Department, central Peru, at an elevation of about 2700 m; 14, 15, male adult, holotype; 16–18 pupal exuviae (NRC)

FIGURES 47–52 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 47–52. Female genitalia of new Astrotischeria species. 47, 48, A. yungasi Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1068; 49, 50, A. mystica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1051; 51, 52, A. parapallens Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1042 (ZIN)

FIGURES 41–46 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 41–46. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria parapallens Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1045; 42, dorsal lobes of valvae, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1052; 43, basally connected valvae and vinculum, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1052; 44, apex of phallus, paratype, genitalia slide AD1052; 45, general view of phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. 1046; 46, same, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1045 (ZIN)

FIGURES 1–6 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 1–6. Bionomics of Astrotischeria mystica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 1–3, host plant Verbesina L. (possibly V. plowmanii Sagást.) (Asteraceae), Urubamba Province, Peru, 2180 m; 4–6, leaf mines

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Figure 1. A in Intense inhabitation and relaxed host-leaf preference of aquatic chironomid leaf-miners in headwater streams in Asian lucidophyllous forests

Figure 1. A map showing sampling sites in the Japanese Island Arc. Triangles, sites where leafmines were not found; circles, sites where leaf-mines were found (S1–S11). Northern limit of lucidophyllous forests is also shown.

Figure 9 from: Cerdeña J, Farfán J, Vargas HA, Brito R, Gonçalves GL, Lazo A, Moreira GRP (2020) Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov.: a new species of leaf-miner associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae) from Southern Peru (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). ZooKeys 996: 121-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.53958

Figure 9 COI trees showing the specific classification of Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. (blue), and its position among 23 Neotropical Phyllocnistis lineages A phylogeny inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method with Kimura 2-parameter model. Host plants, when known, are indicated for each species [data were obtained from Brito et al. (2017) and BOLD database] B maximum parsimony consensus tree (length 1006, consistency index 0.3315, and retention index 0.4675) C maximum likelihood tree using the general time reversible model of sequence ecolution. –ln likelihood = 4913.93 The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown above the branches in A, B, and C. Angelabella tecomae Vargas & Parra, 2005 (Oecophyllembiinae) and Marmara arbutiella Busck, [1904] (Marmarinae) were used as outgroups. Bold indicates species/lineages that use Baccharis species as host plants.

Figure 8 from: Cerdeña J, Farfán J, Vargas HA, Brito R, Gonçalves GL, Lazo A, Moreira GRP (2020) Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov.: a new species of leaf-miner associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae) from Southern Peru (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). ZooKeys 996: 121-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.53958

Figure 8 Transverse histological sections of P. furcata sp. nov. mine on Baccharis alnifolia Meyen & Walp. (Asteraceae) leaf A intermediate portion (location indicated by line 1 in Fig. 7G) B final portion (location indicated by line 2 in Fig. 7G). Feces are indicated by open arrows. Ab, epidermis of abaxial surface; Ad, epidermis of adaxial surface; Lm, leaf mine; Pp, palisade parenchyma; Sp, spongy parenchyma. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 7 from: Cerdeña J, Farfán J, Vargas HA, Brito R, Gonçalves GL, Lazo A, Moreira GRP (2020) Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov.: a new species of leaf-miner associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae) from Southern Peru (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). ZooKeys 996: 121-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.53958

Figure 7 Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) BB. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H–J).

Figure 4 from: Cerdeña J, Farfán J, Vargas HA, Brito R, Gonçalves GL, Lazo A, Moreira GRP (2020) Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov.: a new species of leaf-miner associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae) from Southern Peru (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). ZooKeys 996: 121-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.53958

Figure 4 Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. sap-feeding larva A–C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D labrum, dorsal E labium, ventral F antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral G prothoracic shield, dorsal H abdominal spiracle, lateral I last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C), 50 µm (D, E), 25 µm (F), 100 µm (G, I), 5 µm (H).

Figure 1 from: Cerdeña J, Farfán J, Vargas HA, Brito R, Gonçalves GL, Lazo A, Moreira GRP (2020) Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov.: a new species of leaf-miner associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae) from Southern Peru (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). ZooKeys 996: 121-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.53958

Figure 1 Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. adult morphology A, B holotype of P. furcata, male, with head in detail, dorsal view (MUSM) C, D paratype of P. furcata, female, with head in detail, dorsal (MUSA_ENT 015143) E detail of right forewing with terminologies adopted, lf: longitudinal fascia; tf (1–4) transverse fascia(e) F lateral view of a male head with labial palpus (indicated by closed arrow head) and antenna (indicated by open arrow head). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (E), 0.4 mm (F).

Figure 3 from: Cerdeña J, Farfán J, Vargas HA, Brito R, Gonçalves GL, Lazo A, Moreira GRP (2020) Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov.: a new species of leaf-miner associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae) from Southern Peru (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). ZooKeys 996: 121-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.53958

Figure 3 Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm.

Figure 2 from: Cerdeña J, Farfán J, Vargas HA, Brito R, Gonçalves GL, Lazo A, Moreira GRP (2020) Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov.: a new species of leaf-miner associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae) from Southern Peru (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). ZooKeys 996: 121-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.53958

Figure 2 Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. genital morphology under light microscopy A male genital segments, ventral view B phallus, lateral C male genitalia with phallus removed, ventral D coremata (open arrows indicate wide rounded flat scales) E female genitalia, ventral F female last abdominal segments, in detail (seta points to ostium bursae) G corpus bursae in detail (closed arrows indicate two small signa with minute dark spots). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–C, F, G), 0.3 mm (D), 0.4 mm (E). Genitalia slides: MUSA_Gent_015142 (A), MUSA_Gent_015146 (B–D), MUSA_Gent_015148 (E–G).