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55 results for “learning objects”
BRAIN Journal-Auto-generative Learning Objects in Online Assessment of Data Structures Disciplines-Figure 1. The AGLO online assessment approach
<p>In Figure 1, we present the lifetime of AGLOs in the context of online student assessment following a set of steps. In the backend, the tutor develops an AGLO model respecting a predefined meta-model. The model is intuitive, it has a few sections where symbols are defined using formulas and random numbers and then used in a section of a presentation for the student. When such models are created they are stored in a storage facility like a database to be selected by the student through the web application frontend. In the frontend, the students access the web application using a web browser from a workstation, tablet or smartphone. In the assessment process, the student will access several AGLOs. At this step, the accessed AGLOs are instantiated with random numbers, formulas are evaluated to fulfill the designed learning or testing scenario and to create the presentation content for the student. Nevertheless, the instantiated symbols will be used for the automatic assessment of the answers correctness</p>
BRAIN Journal-Auto-generative Learning Objects in Online Assessment of Data Structures Disciplines-Figure 4. Online test assessment example
<p>Thus, applying these restrictions the computed solution is C, E, G, J, L, H, I and is unique. Node C is the starting node since it is the first from the lexicographical point of view. The first step CE is the only choice coping with the restrictions from the [CE, CG, and CJ] edges. Next, EG is the first edge in the list of [EG, EJ]. The next step is GJ which is the only choice. Edge JL is another unique choice. Edge LH is the next step from the list [LH, LI]. Finally, the last edge is obtained by backtracking to node L and then taking edge LI. These restrictions allow us to drive the student to build only one solution from the possible set of solutions. This will determine an easier way of comparing the student’s answer with the answer of the computer. Another more general solution is to use validation functions which require implementation in domain libraries written in JavaScript. </p>
Supplementary Data: Data Imbalance in Drug Response Prediction: Multi-Objective Optimization Approach in Deep Learning Setting
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A deep learning dataset for underwater object detection of tropical freshwater fish species in northern Australia
<p>This dataset includes 44,112 images with 82,904 bounding box annotations for 23 tropical freshwater fish taxa from northern Australia. </p> <p>Images were derived from Remote Underwater Video (RUV) deployments in deep channel and shallow lowland billabongs, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory Australia. RUV deployments were conducted during the <a href="https://www.dcceew.gov.au/science-research/supervising-scientist">Supervising Scientists</a> annual fish monitoring program in the 2016, 2017 and 2018 recessional flow period (dry season). More information can be found <a href="https://www.dcceew.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/ss-atr-2020-21.pdf">here</a>.</p> <ul> <li>All images are in .jpg format and are 1920x1080 in dimension.</li> <li>Bounding box annotations are in COCO format. </li> </ul> <p>Two .zip files are included:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/990412db-e633-4f82-9b32-6990ef439ccd/202210-KakaduFishAI-CompactModel.zip">202210-KakaduFishAI-CompactModel.zip</a>: includes compact model weights in tensorflow format (.pb) trained using Azure's Custom Vision platform. This model is suitable for edge devices due to its reduced size. Code is provided to use the compact model for inferencing. </li> <li> <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/990412db-e633-4f82-9b32-6990ef439ccd/202210-KakaduFishAI-TrainingData.zip">202210-KakaduFishAI-TrainingData.zip</a>: includes all images and one COCO (.json) file with annotations. </li> </ul> <p>Fish taxa include: </p> <ol> <li><em>Ambassis agrammus</em></li> <li><em>Ambassis macleayi</em></li> <li><em>Amniataba percoides</em></li> <li><em>Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum</em></li> <li><em>Denariusa bandata</em></li> <li><em>Glossamia aprion</em></li> <li><em>Glossogobius</em> spp.</li> <li><em>Hephaestus fuliginosus</em></li> <li><em>Lates calcarifer</em></li> <li><em>Leiopotherapon unicolor</em></li> <li><em>Liza ordensis</em></li> <li><em>Megalops cyprinoides</em></li> <li><em>Melanotaenia nigrans</em></li> <li><em>Melanotaenia splendida inornata</em></li> <li><em>Mogurnda mogurnda</em></li> <li><em>Nemetalosa erebi</em></li> <li><em>Neoarius</em> spp.</li> <li><em>Neosilurus</em> spp.</li> <li><em>Oxyeleotris</em> spp.</li> <li><em>Scleropages jardinii</em></li> <li><em>Strongylura kreffti</em></li> <li><em>Syncomistes butleri</em></li> <li><em>Toxotes chatareus</em></li> </ol> <p>If you use this data for your own deep learning project we'd love to hear about how you used this dataset: andrew.jansen@environment.gov.au.</p>
An intracochlear electrocochleography dataset: From raw data to objective analysis using deep learning
<p>Electrocochleography (ECochG) measures electrophysiological inner ear potentials in response to acoustic stimulation. These potentials reflect the state of the inner ear and provide important information about its residual function. For cochlear implant (CI) recipients, we can measure ECochG signals directly within the cochlea using the implant electrode. We are able to perform these recordings during and at any point after implantation.<br>However, the analysis and interpretation of ECochG signals are not trivial. To assist the scientific community, we provide our intracochlear ECochG data set, which consists of approximately 5,000 signals recorded from 46 ears with a cochlear implant. We collected data either immediately after electrode insertion or postoperatively in subjects with residual acoustic hearing. This data descriptor aims to provide the research community access to our comprehensive electrophysiological data set and algorithms. It includes all steps from raw data acquisition to signal processing and objective analysis using Deep Learning. In addition, we collected subject demographic data, hearing thresholds, subjective loudness levels, impedance telemetry, radiographic findings, and classification of ECochG signals.</p>
Deep learning models challenge the prevailing assumption that face-like effects for objects of expertise support domain-general mechanisms
<p>The question of whether perceptual expertise is mediated by general-expert or domain-specific processing mechanisms has been debated for decades. Because humans are experts in face recognition, face-like neural and cognitive effects for objects of expertise were considered to support for the general-expertise hypothesis. Conversely, stronger effects for faces than objects of expertise were considered to support the domain-specific hypothesis. However, the effects of domain, experience, and level of categorization, are confounded in human studies, which may lead to erroneous inferences. To overcome these limitations, we used computational models of perceptual expertise and tested different domains (objects, faces, birds) and levels of categorization (basic, sub-ordinate, individual) in isolation, matched for amount of experience. Like humans, the models generated a larger inversion effect for faces than for objects. Importantly, a face-like inversion effect was found for individual-based categorization of non-faces (birds) but only in a network specialized for that domain. Thus, contrary to prevalent assumptions, face-like effects in objects of expertise may originate from domain-specific rather than domain-general processing mechanisms. More generally, we show how deep learning algorithms can be used to isolate the effects of factors that are inherently confounded in the natural environment of biological organisms.</p>
Deep learning models challenge the prevailing assumption that face-like effects for objects of expertise support domain-general mechanisms
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An intracochlear electrocochleography dataset: From raw data to objective analysis using deep learning
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Data from: SimPLE: A visuotactile method learned in simulation to precisely pick, localize, regrasp, and place objects
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Experimental Data for the Paper 'Hierarchical Fusion and Divergent Activation Based Weakly Supervised Learning for Object Detection from Remote Sensing Images'
<p><strong>Experimental Data for the Paper 'Hierarchical Fusion and Divergent Activation Based Weakly Supervised Learning for Object Detection from Remote Sensing Images'</strong></p> <p>In this repository, we provide the implementation of the algorithms developed in the paper 'Hierarchical Fusion and Divergent Activation Based Weakly Supervised Learning for Object Detection from Remote Sensing Images' along with the experimental results, and the methods used for comparison.<br> The goal is to provide the elements needed to validate and reproduce our research work as well as all the tools needed to reach the same conclusions as we did.<br> The data used in our experiments that we have the copyright of [<a href="http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3019956">A</a>],[<a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843229">B</a>] is already published <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843229">on zenodo</a>.<br> The licences valid for the elements of this repository are discussed under point "3. Licenses" below.</p> <p><strong>1. Structure</strong></p> <p>The repository contains the following items:</p> <ol> <li>"CODE_AND_RESULTS.zip" with the source codes and results of our method and the comparison methods,</li> <li>"README" - this text here.</li> <li>"LICENSE" - the <a href="https://mit-license.org/">MIT License</a></li> </ol> <p>We now focus on the structure of the file CODE_AND_RESULTS.zip.<br> It contains the following items:</p> <ol> <li>The directory "new_methods" contains the source code and results of the new methods proposed in our paper.</li> <li>The directory "comparison" contains the source code of the two approaches used for comparison: ACoL [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2018.00144">A</a>] and DANet [<a href="http://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2019.00669">B</a>].</li> <li>The folder "tools_and_metrics" holds additional libraries, software tools, and metrics using in our experiments. </li> <li>"README" - this text here.</li> <li>"LICENSE" - the <a href="https://mit-license.org/">MIT License</a></li> </ol> <p>Inside the folder "new_methods," the following sub-folders are provided:</p> <ol> <li>"data" includes data loading code and code for how organizing the input data of the neural network.</li> <li>"expr" includes training code.</li> <li>"model" includes neural network model, basic network and additional modules, depending on the file name, including improved network, and comparison model.</li> <li>"utils" includes some used library functions and test codes when testing, including image segmentation, searching for the largest connected area and data visualization, etc. Verification on the WSADD dataset is done via test_airplane.py and on the DIOR dataset via val_model.py.</li> </ol> <p>In our experiments, we used two datasets:</p> <p>"WSADD" [<a href="http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3019956">A</a>],[<a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843229">B</a>], which is already published <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843229">on zenodo</a> under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</a> license.<br> The "<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2018.00144">DIOR</a>" proposed in [<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.11.023">C</a>].</p> <p><strong>2. References</strong></p> <p>[<a href="http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3019956">A</a>] Z.-Z. Wu, T. Weise, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Convolutional neural network based weakly supervised learning for aircraft detection from remote sensing image, <em>IEEE Access</em> 8 (2020) 158097-158106. doi:<a href="http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3019956">10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3019956</a>. <br> [<a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843229">B</a>] Z.-Z. Wu. Weakly Supervised Airplane Detection Dataset: WSADD. May 2020. zenodo.org. doi:<a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843229">10.5281/zenodo.3843229</a>.<br> [<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.11.023">C</a>] K. Li, G. Wan, G. Cheng, L. Meng, J. Han, Object detection in optical remote sensing images: A survey and a new benchmark, <em>ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing</em> 159 (2020) 296-307. doi:<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.11.023">10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.11.023</a>. <br> [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2018.00144">D</a>] X. Zhang, Y. Wei, J. Feng, Y. Yang, T. S. Huang, Adversarial complementary learning for weakly supervised object localization, in: <em>Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition</em> (CVPR'18), Jun. 18-22, 2018, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, IEEE Computer Society, 2018, pp. 1325-1334. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2018.00144">10.1109/CVPR.2018.00144</a>. <br> [<a href="http://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2019.00669">E</a>] H. Xue, C. Liu, F. Wan, J. Jiao, X. Ji, Q. Ye, DANet: Divergent activation for weakly supervised object localization, in: <em>Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision</em> (ICCV'19), Oct. 27-Nov. 2, 2019, Seoul, Korea, IEEE, 2019, pp. 6588-6597. doi:<a href="http://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2019.00669">10.1109/ICCV.2019.00669</a>.</p> <p><strong>3. Licenses</strong></p> <p>The following licenses apply for the files and folders in the archive "CODE_AND_RESULTS.zip":</p> <ul> <li>The files in the folder `new_methods` are under the <a href="https://mit-license.org/">MIT License</a>.</li> <li>The files in the folder `comparison/ACoL` have been obtained from https://github.com/xiaomengyc/ACoL, which is under the <a href="https://mit-license.org/">MIT License</a>.</li> <li>We put our code and data under the </li> <li>The files in the folder "comparison/DANet" have been obtained from <a href="https://github.com/xuehaolan/DANet">https://github.com/xuehaolan/DANet</a>, which is an open source project without associated license at the time of this writing. They will therefore remain under the copyright of the user <a href="https://github.com/xuehaolan/">https://github.com/xuehaolan/</a>.</li> <li>The files in the folder "tools_and_metrics/detections_DIOR" are related to the repository <a href="https://github.com/rafaelpadilla/Object-Detection-Metrics">https://github.com/rafaelpadilla/Object-Detection-Metrics</a>, which is under the <a href="https://mit-license.org/">MIT License</a>, and therefore are under the same license.</li> <li>The files in the folder "tools_and_metrics/Nest-pytorch" are based on the repository <a href="https://github.com/ZhouYanzhao/Nest">https://github.com/ZhouYanzhao/Nest</a>, which is under the <a href="https://mit-license.org/">MIT License</a>.</li> <li>The files in the folder "tools_and_metrics/PRM-pytorch" are based on the repository <a href="https://github.com/ZhouYanzhao/PRM">https://github.com/ZhouYanzhao/PRM</a>, which is an open source project without associated license at the time of this writing. They will therefore remain under the copyright of the user <a href="https://github.com/ZhouYanzhao/">https://github.com/ZhouYanzhao/</a>.</li> </ul> <p>The <a href="https://mit-license.org/">MIT License</a> is included here as file "LICENSE".</p> <p><strong>4. Contact</strong></p> <p>1. Dr. <a href="http://iao.hfuu.edu.cn/146">Zhize WU</a>, wuzz@hfuu.edu.cn<br> 2. Dr. <a href="http://iao.hfuu.edu.cn/5">Thomas WEISE</a>, tweise@hfuu.edu.cn, tweise@ustc.edu.cn</p> <p>Institute of Applied Optimization, <br> School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, <br> Hefei University, South Campus 2, Jinxiu Dadao 99, <br> Hefei Economic and Technological Development Area, <br> Shushan District, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China<br> </p>
Data supporting "Lessons learned from multi-objective automatic optimizations of classical three-site rigid water models using microscopic and macroscopic target experimental observables"
<p>This repository contains the set of data and the code to reproduce the results shown in "Lessons learned from multi-objective automatic optimizations of classical three-site rigid water models using microscopic and macroscopic target experimental observables" published on Journal of Chemical Engineering and Data (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.3c00538).</p>
Research data supporting ""Lessons learned from multi-objective automatic optimizations of classical three-site rigid water models using microscopic and macroscopic target experimental observables""
<p>This repository contains the set of data and the code to reproduce the results shown in "Lessons learned from multi-objective automatic optimizations of classical three-site rigid water models using microscopic and macroscopic target experimental observables" published on Journal of Chemical Engineering and Data (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.3c00538).</p>
Grape bunch and vine trunk dataset for Deep Learning object detection.
<p>Grape bunch and vine trunk dataset containing images and annotations for Deep Learning object detection.</p>
A collection of X-ray projections of 131 pieces of modeling clay containing stones for machine learning-driven object detection
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>This submission contains a collection of 235800 X-ray projections of 131 pieces of modeling clay (Play-Doh) with various numbers of stones inserted. The submission is intended as an extensive and easy-to-use training dataset for supervised machine learning driven object detection. The ground truth locations of the stones are included. The data is supplementary material to the paper titled "A tomographic workflow enabling deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection" [Zeegers 2022].</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p><em>Sample information</em></p> <p>The samples are modeling clay (Play-Doh, Hasbro, RI, USA) with various numbers of pieces of gravel included. In total 131 samples are prepared, of which 20 samples contain 5-8 inserted stones, 3 samples contain three stones, 35 contain two stones, 62 contain one stone and 11 contain no stones. The stones have an average diameter of ca. 7mm (ranging from 3mm to 11mm). The Play-Doh is remolded for every sample.</p> <p><em>Apparatus</em></p> <p>The dataset is acquired in the FleX-ray Laboratory, developed by TESCAN-XRE, located at CWI in Amsterdam. The CT scanner consists consists of a cone-beam microfocus polychromatic X-ray point source, and a 1944x1536 pixel, 14-bit, flat detector panel (Dexela1512NDT). Full details can be found in [Coban 2020].</p> <p><em>Scanning setup</em></p> <p>For each sample, 1800 radiographs are collected by rotating the sample over 360 degrees in a circular and continuous motion. A peak voltage of 90kV is used, and the target power is set to 20W. The distance between the source and detector is 69.80 cm and the distance between the source and the object is 44.14 cm. An exposure time of 20 ms is used for each projection.</p> <p><em>Experimental plan</em></p> <p>This data is the result of a demonstration of a workflow to collect annotated data for supervised machine learning for X-ray based object detection. The ground truth locations are retrieved by tomographic reconstruction, segmentation and virtual projections with the same acquisition angles. A detailed description for the workflow to obtain a training dataset is given in [Zeegers 2022].</p> <p><em>Technical details</em></p> <p>All projections have been corrected with flatfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post radiographs) and darkfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post images). Both the X-ray projections and the ground truth images are resized to 128x128 pixels. The raw data is made available in another (larger) submission for complete reproduction (<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5866228">https://zenodo.org/record/5866228</a>). All images are stored in .tif format. The data for samples with 5-8 stones are put in a separate folder from the data with 0-3 stones. The size of the completely unpacked dataset is 19.6 GB.</p> <p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Because the dataset consists of 471600 files, fully extracting the dataset may take a while. Therefore, an additional and significantly smaller zip-file is included for previewing the data, with one X-ray projection for each sample.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Additional Links</strong><br> These datasets are produced by the Computational Imaging group at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CI-CWI) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands: <a href="https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging">https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contact details</strong><br> zeegers [at] cwi [dot] nl</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br> The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), project number 639.073.506. The authors also acknowledge TESCAN-XRE NV for their collaboration and support of the FleX-ray laboratory.</p> <p><br> <strong>References</strong><br> [Zeegers 2022] M. T. Zeegers, T. van Leeuwen, D. M. Pelt, S. B. Coban, R. van Liere, K. J. Batenburg, "A tomographic workflow enabling deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection", 2022 (in preparation)<br> [Coban 2020] S. B. Coban, F. Lucka, W. J. Palenstijn, D. Van Loo, and K. J. Batenburg, “Explorative imaging and its implementation at the FleX-ray Laboratory,” J. Imaging, vol. 6, no. 18, 2020, doi: 10.3390/jimaging6040018.</p> <p>If you use (parts of) this data in a publication, we would appreciate it if you would refer to the first article.</p>
Multimodal Sensory Learning for Object Manipulation
<p><strong>Multimodal Manipulation Learning Database</strong></p> <p>The dataset consists of data recordings for object manipulation with audio-tactile sensory feedback for object handover. It captures the auditory and tactile signals of a Kuka IIWA robot with an Allegro hand holding a plastic container containing different materials. The robot manipulates the container with vertical shaking and rotation motions. The data consists of force/pressure measurements on the Allegro hand using a Tekscan tactile skin sensor, auditory signals from a microphone, and the joints data of the IIWA robot and the Allegro hand joints. </p> <p><strong>Dataset</strong></p> <p>Each datafile is a rosbag file containing the data recording from one trial of a robot motion with one material, with rostopics on the following data:</p> <ul> <li>Kuka IIWA 7 Joint data: /iiwa/TorqueController/command /iiwa/eePose /iiwa/joint_states</li> <li>Allegro hand joint data: /allegro_hand_right/joint_states</li> <li>Tekscan sensor recording (tactile force/pressure sensor data on hand): /tekscan/frame</li> <li>Audio data (for microphone attached to hand): /audio/audio /audio/audio_info</li> <li>Experiment information: /trialInfo <ul> <li>which contains: <ul> <li>trial information (motion type, speed, etc.)</li> <li>start/stop of different phases of the trials</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Motion Types</strong></p> <p>The database contains recordings for the robot executing two different motion types: vertical shaking of the object and rotation of the object.</p> <p><strong>Materials</strong></p> <p>The database contains recordings for 5 different material classes in the plastic container, as shown below: empty, vitamins, gummies, cornflakes, and rice. We used approximately the same volume of each material for each trial. We tested each material class and motion combination for a total of 10 different experimental conditions and collected 30 trials for each condition.</p> <p>The vertical motion dataset was entirely collected on 2021/08/25. The rotation dataset was split into two day. The empty, gummies and rice class data was collected on 2021/08/26. The vitamins and cornflakes classes were collected on 2021/09/13.</p> <p><strong>Database Setup</strong></p> <p>The database consists of the data in two formats: annotated ('annotated_bags_mml.zip') and unannotated/numbered filenames ('numbered_bags_mml.zip') datasets. The data in the two datasets are identical- the annotated filename dataset has the experimental descriptions in the filename directly (as described below).</p> <p>The annotated filenames dataset ('annotated_bags_mml.zip') consists of a single directory with all 300 rosbag datafiles (10 experimental conditions, 30 trials each). Each rosbag (<code>.bag</code>) is saved in the directory, with filename specified ('Date Recorded YYYYMMDD' + '_motion' + '_material' + '_trialID' + '.bag'). Motion Types are: {'vertical', 'rotation'}. Materials are: {'empty', 'cornflakes', 'gummies', 'rice', 'vitamins'}. For each experimental condition, there are 30 datafiles with trial IDs from 0-29.</p> <p>All data recordings for the vertical motion have filenames: '20210825_vertical_+ 'material' + 'trialID' +'.bag). For the rotation motion, the empty, gummy and rice classes have filenames: '20210826_rotation_+ 'material' + 'trialID' +'.bag). For cornflakes and vitamins classes, the filenames are: '20210913_rotation_+ 'material' + 'trialID' +'.bag).</p> <p>The numbered/unannotated file dataset ('numbered_bags_mml.zip') consists of the same 300 data files as in the annotated dataset except here the filenames are numbered '{000-299}.bag'. The directory contains a spreadsheet ('annotations.csv') listing the experimental descriptions for each file name. The columns of the xls spreadsheet are {'Bagfile name', 'Year', 'Month', 'Day', 'Motion/Movement (mvt_type)', 'Material', 'Trial ID'}, where {Year, Month, Day} refer to the date that trial data was collected (either 2021/08/25, 2021/08/26, or 2021/09/13). </p>
BIM Learning Objects Compass
<p>The figure contains the learning compass applied to BIM Learning Objects.</p>
Support Material for: S.I. Mimilakis et al., ``Examining the Perceptual Effect of Alternative Objective Functions for Deep Learning Based Music Source Separation''
<p>The audio corpus used for conducting the listening tests reported in S.I. Mimilakis et al., ``Examining the Perceptual Effect of Alternative Objective Functions for Deep Learning Based Music Source Separation''.</p>
Deep learning object detection to estimate the nectar sugar mass of flowering vegetation
<p>Floral resources are a key driver of pollinator abundance and diversity, yet their quantification in the field and laboratory is laborious and requires specialist skills.</p> <p>Using a dataset of 25000 labelled tags of fieldwork-realistic quality, a Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) was trained to detect the nectar-producing floral units of 25 taxa in surveyors' quadrat images of native, weed-rich grassland in the UK.</p> <p>Floral unit detection on a test set of 50 model-unseen images of comparable vegetation returned a precision of 90%, recall of 86% and F1 score (the harmonic mean of precision and recall) of 88%. Model performance was consistent across the range of floral abundance in this habitat. </p> <p>Comparison of the nectar sugar mass estimates made by the CNN and three human surveyors returned similar means and standard deviations. Over half of the nectar sugar mass estimates made by the model fell within the absolute range of those of the human surveyors.</p> <p>The optimal number of quadrat image samples was determined to be the same for the CNN as for the average human surveyor. For a standard quadrat sampling protocol of 10–15 replicates, this application of deep learning could cut pollinator-plant survey time per stand of vegetation from hours to minutes.</p> <p>The CNN is restricted to a single view of a quadrat, with no scope for manual examination or specimen collection, though in contrast to human surveyors its object detection is deterministic and floral unit definition is standardised.</p> <p>As agri-environment schemes move from prescriptive to results-based, this approach provides an independent barometer for grassland management which is usable by both landowner and scheme administrator. The model can be adapted to visual estimations of other ecological resources such as winter bird food, floral pollen volume, insect infestation and tree flowering/fruiting, and by adjustment of classification threshold may show acceptable taxonomic differentiation for presence-absence surveys.</p>
Deep learning object detection to estimate the nectar sugar mass of flowering vegetation
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Supplementary video of the paper "Robotic Object Sorting via Deep Reinforcement Learning: a generalized approach"
<p>Supplementary video of the paper "Robotic Object Sorting via Deep Reinforcement Learning: a generalized approach" showing the experimental results.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.