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172 results for “life development”
Data from: Paternal starvation affects metabolic gene expression during zebrafish offspring development and life-long fitness
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Early, typical, and late talkers: an exploratory study on predictors of language development in the first two years of life
<p>Background: The consensus in scientific literature is that each child undergoes a unique linguistic development path, albeit with shared developmental stages. Some children excel or lag behind their peers in language skills. Consequently, a key challenge in language acquisition research is pinpointing factors influencing individual differences in language development.</p> <p>Methods: We observed children longitudinally from 3 to 24 months of life to explore early predictors of vocabulary size. Based on the productive vocabulary size of children at 24 months, 30 children met our sample selection criteria: 10 late talkers and 10 early talkers, and we compared them with 10 typical talkers. We evaluated interactive behaviors at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, considering vocal production, gaze at mother's face, and gestural production during mother-child interactions, and we considered mothers' report of children's actions and gestures and receptive-vocabulary size at 15 and 18 months.</p> <p>Results: Results indicated early precursors of language outcome at 24 months identifiable as early as 3 months in vocal productions, 6 months for gaze at mother's face and 12 months for gestural productions.</p> <p>Conclusions: Our research highlights both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, identifying the early indicators of belonging to the group of late or early talkers underscores the significant role of this developmental period for future studies. On a practical note, our findings emphasize the crucial need for early investigations to identify predictors of vocabulary development before the typical age at which lexical delay is identified.</p>
Life on a leaf: the development of spatial structure in epiphyll communities
<p>1. The spatial structure of biotic communities can be shaped by niche-based or stochastic processes, and the importance of both can change through time. Niche-based processes include neighbour interactions, which can change in intensity and quality as communities develop in dependence of environmental conditions. Epiphylls, miniature communities of liverworts, lichens, algae and fungi on leaves, develop only in relatively moist forests, but their leaf-surface habitat is still characterised by moisture stress, especially in more exposed parts of the forest. As neighbours may alleviate moisture stress, we expected that in forest gaps (dryer, brighter) epiphyll communities would show more positive neighbour interactions, resulting in more clustered spatial patterns, than in closed forest, in accordance with the stress-gradient hypothesis.</p> <p>2. To understand how the processes shaping epiphyll communities change through time and differ between gaps and closed forest, we examined the fine-scale spatial structure within and between epiphyll functional groups (algae, fungi, lichens, liverworts) during 12 months on 60 leaves across twelve sites in a tropical rainforest in Panama. We analysed changes in spatial positions and spatial associations within and between functional groups using spatial point pattern analysis based on repeated photography.</p> <p>3. Epiphyll densities increased through time for most epiphyll functional groups. However, although epiphyll groups changed their positions through time, the general types of spatial patterns remained similar for most groups: only lichen patterns shifted from mostly random to mostly aggregated through time. We found only random and aggregated spatial patterns within groups, while among groups we additionally found segregated spatial associations, but no consistent temporal trend. Patterns did not differ between gaps and closed forest, thus not supporting the stress-gradient hypothesis.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our results only weakly support the assumption that community-shaping processes change from neutral to niche-based as communities develop. We do provide empirical evidence that epiphyll communities are dynamic and exhibit different spatial association patterns within than among groups. This suggests different interactions and processes within than between groups. Experimental studies and monitoring of individual epiphyll patches are recommended to shed further light on what processes shape life on leaves.</p>
Fitness consequences of biochemical adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster populations under simultaneous selection for faster pre-adult development and extended life-span
<p>In holometabolous insect like <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, critical size is an important time point during larval life, for irreversible commitment to metamorphosis. Here, we studied the impact of restricted growth duration in terms of selection for faster pre-adult development in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> populations which resulted in the evolution of reduced critical size on adult life history traits. Selection for faster pre-adult development resulted in biochemical adaptation in larval physiology with no compromise in major biomolecules at critical size time point. The flies from the selected populations seem to not only commit to metamorphosis on the attainment of critical size but also seem to channelize resources to reproduction as indicated by similar life-time fecundity of CS and NS flies from selected populations, while the Control CS flies significantly lower life-time fecundity compared to Control NS flies. The flies from selected populations seem to achieve longevity comparable to control flies despite being significantly smaller in size- thus resource constrained due to faster pre-adult development.</p>
Data from: Novel methods to define invasive procedures at the end-of-life were developed to improve quality of end of life care research: A population-based cohort study in colorectal cancer
<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>Understanding the use of invasive procedures (IPs) at the end-of-life (EoL) is important to avoid under- and overtreatment, but epidemiologic analysis is hampered by limited methods to define treatment intent and EoL phase. This study applied novel methods to report IPs at the EoL using a colorectal cancer (CRC) case study.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>An English population-based cohort of adult patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2015 was used with follow-up to 2018. Procedure intent (curative, non-curative, diagnostic) by cancer site and stage at diagnosis was classified by two surgeons independently. Joinpoint regression modelled weekly rates of IPs for 36 sub-cohorts of patients with incremental survival of 0-36 months. EoL phase was defined by a significant IP rate change before death. Zero-inflated Poisson regression explored associations between IP rates and clinical/sociodemographic variables.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Of 87,731 patients included, 41,972 (48%) died. 9,492 procedures were classified by intent (interrater agreement 99.8%). Patients received 502,895 IPs (1.39 and 3.36 per person year for survivors and decedents). Joinpoint regression identified significant increases in IPs four weeks before death in those living 3-6 months, and eight weeks before death in those living 7–36 months from diagnosis. 7,908 (18.8%) patients underwent IPs at the EoL, with stoma formation the most common major procedure. Younger age, early-stage disease, men, lower comorbidity, those receiving chemotherapy and living longer from diagnosis were associated with IPs.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>Methods to identify and classify IPs at the EoL were developed and tested within a CRC population. This approach can be now extended and validated to identify potential under- and overtreatment. </p>
Compositional variation in early life parenting structures alters oxytocin and vasopressin 1a receptor development in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
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Life on a leaf: the development of spatial structure in epiphyll communities
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Fitness consequences of biochemical adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster populations under simultaneous selection for faster pre-adult development and extended life-span
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Data from: Novel methods to define invasive procedures at the end-of-life were developed to improve quality of end of life care research: A population-based cohort study in colorectal cancer
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Early, typical, and late talkers: an exploratory study on predictors of language development in the first two years of life
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Data from: Life-history traits of Tubastraea coccinea: reproduction, development, and larval competence
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Data set: Resource footprints, quality of life and economic development
<p>This data set accompanies the publication "Towards a comprehensive framework of the relationships between resource footprints, quality of life and economic development" by Stefan Cibulka and Stefan Giljum from the Institute for Ecological Economics at the Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU).</p> <p>The file provides data on resource footprints (carbon footprint, material footprint), Human Development Index, Happiness Index as well as GDP for countries world-wide in the time span from 1990 to 2015. In addition, it provides all specifications of the regression analyses undertaken in the course of this study and the detailed regression results.</p>
Dataset for "Appreciating our 60 years of life": Developing a transactional model of narrative identity and relationships experienced within an individualized, technological intervention for dementia care
<p>Interview transcripts and participant information for <strong>“Appreciating our 60 years of life”: Developing a transactional model of narrative identity and relationships experienced within an individualized, technological intervention for dementia care. </strong></p> <p>Collected as part of the SENSE-GARDEN Multisite Trial (https://sense-garden.eu/). This work was supported by AAL under Grant AAL/Call2016/054-b/2017, co-funded by the European Commission and National Funding Agencies of Norway, Belgium, Romania, and Portugal.</p>
Data from: Plant life history stage and nurse age change the development of ecological networks in an arid ecosystem
Understanding how ecological networks are organised over the course of an organism's lifetime is crucial for predicting the dynamics of interacting populations and communities across temporal scales. However, most studies so far considered only one life history stage at a time, such as adult, when studying networks of interacting species. Therefore, knowledge about how multiple life history stages affect the development and stability of plant–plant association networks is lacking. We measured the understory adult plant community and the soil seed bank across a plant age gradient of the nurse shrub Retama sphaerocarpa in an arid ecosystem in Spain. Using a multilayer network approach, we built adult understory–nurse and seed bank–nurse networks and analysed how network nestedness, species' role, and species specificity varied between them and with nurse plant age. We found that seed bank and adult understory networks changed depending on nurse plant age in two different ways. With increasing nurse plant age, adult understory networks became significantly more nested than seed bank networks. The nested architecture of seed bank networks was therefore a poor predictor of adult understory network nestedness. The contribution and specificity of species to network nestedness increased with increasing nurse plant age more in the adult understory than in seed bank networks, despite high species turnover. Our data show that life history and ontogeny affect the development of plant–plant association networks. Niche construction and environmental filtering along nurse ontogeny seem pivotal mechanisms structuring adult understory networks while the assembly of seed bank networks seems rather stochastic. We highlight the importance of mature plant communities for maintaining rare species populations and supporting the stability of ecological communities through time.
Data from: Effects of food restriction across stages of juvenile and early adult development on body weight, survival, and adult life history
Organisms have to allocate limited resources among multiple life-history traits, which can result in physiological trade-offs, and variation in environmental conditions experienced during ontogeny can influence reproduction later in life. Food restriction may lead to an adaptive reallocation of the limited resources among traits as a phenotypically plastic adjustment, or it can act as an overall constraint with detrimental effects throughout reproductive life. In this study, we investigated experimentally the effects of food restriction during different stages of the juvenile and early adult development on body weight, survival and reproductive success in females and males of the European earwig Forficula auricularia. Individuals either received limited or unlimited access to food across three different stages of development (fully crossed) allowing us to identify sensitive periods during development and to test both additive and interactive effects of food limitation across stages on development and reproduction. Food restriction during the early and late juvenile stage had additive negative effects on juvenile survival and adult body weight. With regard to reproductive success of females which produce up to two clutches in their lifetime, restriction specifically in the late juvenile stage led to smaller first and second clutch size, lower probability of second clutch production and reduced hatching success in the second clutch. Reproductive success of females was not significantly affected when their male mates experienced food restriction during their development. Our findings in general support the 'silver-spoon' hypothesis in that food restriction during juvenile development poses constraints on development and reproduction throughout life.
FIGURE 64 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification
FIGURE 64. Metarhombognathus nudus (Viets, 1928), genital opening, male. FIGURES 65–66. Mictognathus werthelloides Newell, 1984, 65. genital opening, female; 66. genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURE 67. Phacacarus flavellus Bartsch, 1992, genitoanal plate, female. FIGURE 68. Rhombognathides spinipes (Viets, 1933), genital opening, female. FIGURES 69–70. Scaptognathides hawaiiensis Bartsch, 1988, female, 69. posterior part of genitoanal plate; 70. left AE with epimeral pore. FIGURES 71–72. Simognathus maculatus Bartsch, 1994, 71. posterior part of genitoanal plate, female; 72. posterior idiosoma with genital plate, protonymph. FIGURE 73. Simognathus fuscus Viets, 1936, posterior idiosoma with genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURE 74. Simognathus sp., genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURE 75. Simognathus actius Otto, 2000, posterior idiosoma with genital plate, protonymph. (ep, epimeral tube; gac, genital acetabula) Scale = 50 µm
FIGURES 76–80 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification
FIGURES 76–80. Thalassarachna basteri (Johnston, 1836), 76. genital opening, female; 77. tip of everted ovipositor, female, dorsal aspect (anteroapical part omitted); 78. everted ovipositor, female, ventral aspect (posteroapical part omitted); 79. genital opening, male; 80. detail of posterior part of genital opening, male. FIGURE 81. Thalassarachna longipes (Trouessart, 1888), genital opening, female. FIGURES 82–83. Thalassarachna dissimilis (Bartsch, 1979), 82. genital region, female; 83. genital opening, male. FIGURE 84. Tropihalacarus longirostris (Bartsch, 1995), genital opening, male (three posterior pairs of subgenital setae omitted). FIGURE 85. Werthelloides bathyalis Bartsch, 1986, genital opening, female. (bgsp, basal genital spine; gac, genital acetabula; sgs, subgenital setae) Scale = 50 µm.
FIGURES 28–31 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification
FIGURES 28–31. Bradyagaue drygalskii (Lohmann, 1907), 28. genital opening, female; 29. genital opening, male (subgenital setae omitted); 30. genital plate, deutonymph; 31. genital plate, protonymph. FIGURES 32–33. Camactognathus tesselatus (Morselli & Mari, 1982), 32. genital opening, female; 33. genitoanal plate, deutonymph. FIGURES 34–35. Coloboceras longiusculus Trouessart, 1889, 34. genital opening, female; 35. genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURE 36. Copidognathides ampliatus Bartsch, 1999, genital opening, male. FIGURE 37. Copidognathus magniporus Bartsch, 1973, genital opening, female. FIGURE 38. Copidognathus magnipalpus (Police, 1909), genital opening, female. FIGURE 39. Copidognathus caelatus Bartsch, 1994, genital opening and everted ovipositor, ventral aspect. FIGURE 40. Copidognathus wadjemupis Bartsch, 1999, everted ovipositor, ventral aspect. (agsp, apical genital spines; bgsp, basal genital spine; gac, genital acetabula; pgs, perigenital setae; sgs, subgenital seta) Scale = 50 µm.
FIGURE 53. Isobactrus hartmanni Bartsch, 1972 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification
FIGURE 53. Isobactrus hartmanni Bartsch, 1972, genital region, female. FIGURES 54–55. Isobactrus obesus Bartsch, 1992, 54. genital plate, female; 55. genital region, tritonymph. FIGURES 56–59. Isobactrus aspidotus Bartsch, 2009, 56. genital opening, male; 57. genital region, tritonymph; 58. genital region, deutonymph; 59. genital region, protonymph. FIGURE 60. Isobactrus uniscutatus (Viets, 1939), genital plate, male. FIGURE 61. Lohmannella falcata (Hodge, 1863), genital plate, protonymph. FIGURES 62–63. Makarovana spinosa (Bartsch, 1978), female, 62. posterior part of genitoanal plate; 63. genital opening with everted ovipositor and two genital spines (enlarged), lateral aspect. (bgsp, basal genital spine; pgs, perigenital setae; pogs, postgenital sclerite; prgs, pregenital sclerite) Scale = 50 µm.
FIGURES 16–18 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification
FIGURES 16–18. Arhodeoporus gracilipes (Trouessart, 1889), 16. genital region, female; 17. everted ovipositor, ventrolateral aspect; 18. genital opening, male. FIGURES 19–20. Arhodeoporus corallinus Otto, 2000, 19. genital region, female; 20. genital opening, male. FIGURES 21–22. Arhodeoporus bonairensis (Viets, 1936), 21. genital opening, female; 22. genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURES 23–24. Atelopsalis pacifica Bartsch, 1985, 23. posterior part of genitoanal plate, female, ventrolateral aspect (genital acetabula of the other side not illustrated); 24. genital plate, protonymph. FIGURES 25–26. Australacarus pustulatus Bartsch, 1993, 25. genitoanal plate, female; 26. genitoanal plate, male. FIGURE 27. Bathyhalacarus acutus Bartsch, 1982, genital opening, female. (fo, foveate surface structure; gac, genital acetabula; ov, ovipositor; pa, porose surface structure) Scale = 50 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.