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37 results for “lifetime reproductive success”
Data from: Birds with high lifetime reproductive success experience increased telomere loss
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Data from: Determinants of age at first reproduction and lifetime breeding success revealed by full paternity assignment in a male ungulate
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Data from: Are there indirect fitness benefits of female extra-pair reproduction? Lifetime reproductive success of within-pair and extra-pair offspring
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Data from: Variance in within-pair reproductive success influences the opportunity for selection annually and over the lifetimes of males in a multi-brooded songbird
<p>In socially monogamous species, male reproductive success consists of 'within-pair' offspring produced with their socially-paired mate(s), and 'extra-pair' offspring produced with additional females throughout the population. Both reproductive pathways offer distinct opportunities for selection in wild populations, as each is composed of separate components of mate attraction, female fecundity, and paternity allocation. Identifying key sources of variance and covariance among these components is a crucial step towards understanding the reproductive strategies that males use to maximize fitness both annually and over their lifetimes. We use 16 years of complete reproductive data from a population of black-throated blue warblers (<i>Setophaga caerulescens</i>) to partition variance in male annual and lifetime reproductive success, and thereby identify if the opportunity for selection varies over the lifetimes of individual males and what reproductive strategies likely favor maximum lifetime fitness. The majority of variance in male reproduction was attributable to within-pair success, but the specific effects of individual components of variance differed between total annual and total lifetime reproductive success. Positive overall lifetime covariance between within-pair and extra-pair components indicates that males able to maximize within-pair success, particularly with double-brooding females, likely achieve higher overall lifetime fitness via both within-pair and extra-pair reproductive pathways.</p>
Data from: Pulsed food resources, but not forest cover, determines lifetime reproductive success in a forest-dwelling rodent
1. The relative contributions of habitat and food availability on fitness may provide evidence for key habitat features needed to safeguard population persistence. However, defining habitat quality for a species can be a complex task, especially if knowledge on the relationship between individual performance and habitat quality is lacking. 2. Here, we determined the relative importance of availability of suitable forest habitat, body mass, and food from masting tree species on female lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of Siberian flying squirrels (Pteromys volans). 3. We calculated LRS of 500 female flying squirrels based on a 22 year-long longitudinal data set of two populations from western Finland. We assessed with generalised additive models the potential effects of availability of suitable habitat and cumulative lifetime availability of food from masting tree species on female LRS, longevity and fecundity. On a reduced dataset, we evaluated the importance of female winter body mass and conducted a piecewise path analysis to determine how variables were connected. 4. According to generalised additive models female longevity, fecundity and LRS were mainly determined by variation in cumulative lifetime availability of food from masting alder and birch. Instead, habitat and body mass had smaller role. The path analysis indicated that lifetime food availability had direct effect on longevity and fecundity, and these had equal effect on LRS at both study sites. 5. Our results on LRS shows that the occurrence of tree masting events during a flying squirrel female's lifetime have profoundly larger effect on lifetime reproductive success than the cover of suitable forest habitat. Furthermore, this study emphasises the importance of both fecundity and longevity, and the indirect effects of food availability via those components, as determinants of lifetime fitness of female flying squirrels.
Data from: Pluck or luck: does trait variation or chance drive variation in lifetime reproductive success?
While there has been extensive interest in how intraspecific trait variation affects ecological processes, outcomes are highly variable even when individuals are identical: some are lucky while others are not. Trait variation is therefore only important if it adds substantially to the variability produced by luck. We ask when trait variation has a substantial effect on variability in lifetime reproductive success (LRS), using two approaches: 1) we partition the variation in LRS into contributions from luck and trait variation; 2) we ask what can be inferred about an individual's traits, and with what certainty, given their observed LRS. In theoretical stage- and size-structured models, and two empirical case studies, we find that luck usually dominates the variance of LRS. Even when individuals differ substantially in ways that affect expected LRS, unless the effects of luck are substantially reduced (e.g. low variability in reproductive lifespan or in annual fecundity), most variance in lifetime outcomes is due to luck, implying that departures from "null" models omitting trait variation will be hard to detect. Luck also obscures the relationship between realized LRS and individual traits. While trait variation may influence the fate of populations, luck often governs the lives of individuals.
Lifetime reproductive success and lifespan of Estonians born between 1905-1945
<p>The dataset contains the data and R code to reproduce the plots and tables in a paper about survival costs and benefits of reproduction in early 20th century Estonia.<br>The paper delves into the concept of cost of reproduction, a core concept in life-history evolution, which suggests a trade-off between increased investment in reproduction and reduced longevity or future reproductive capacity. However, this trade-off may not be easily observable due to individual variation in resource allocation, referred to as the "big car - big house effect".</p><p>The study also discusses the non-linear association between offspring number and parental survival, often resulting in a J-shaped curve. This indicates that adults with two or three children have the lowest mortality risk, which increases with further increases in parity.</p><p>The mechanisms behind these survival costs and benefits can be traced back to evolutionary genetics, suggesting a heritable component in human life history that involves a trade-off between fertility and longevity. This is rooted in the concept of antagonistic pleiotropy, where alleles beneficial for one set of fitness components may have detrimental effects on others. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of these complex relationships and their implications on human lifespan and senescence.</p>
The contribution of extra-pair paternity to the variation in lifetime and age-specific male reproductive success in a socially monogamous species
<p>In socially monogamous species, extra-pair paternity (EPP) is predicted to increase variance in male reproductive success beyond that resulting from genetic monogamy, thus increasing the 'opportunity for selection' (maximum strength of selection that can act on a trait). This prediction is challenging to investigate in wild populations because lifetime reproduction data are often incomplete. Moreover, age-specific variances in reproductive success have been rarely quantified. We analysed 21 years of near-complete social and genetic reproduction data from an insular population of Seychelles warblers (<em>Acrocephalus sechellensis</em>). We quantified the contribution of EPP to lifetime and age-specific opportunities for selection in males. We also compared the variance in male genetic reproductive success (RS) vs. social ('apparent') reproductive success (RSap) to assess if EPP increased the opportunity for selection over that resulting from genetic monogamy. EPP contributed substantially to the variance in lifetime RS, despite not causing a statistically significant excess of this over the variance in lifetime RSap. Partitioning the opportunity for selection into age-specific (co)variance components, showed that EPP provided a substantial contribution at most ages, varying with age. Therefore, in Seychelles warblers EPP likely provides an age-dependent contribution to the opportunity for selection, which can influence evolutionary processes in age-structured populations.</p>
Data from: MHC diversity, malaria and lifetime reproductive success in collared flycatchers
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes encode proteins involved in the recognition of parasite-derived antigens. Their extreme polymorphism is presumed to be driven by coevolution with parasites. Host-parasite coevolution was also hypothesised to optimize within-individual MHC diversity at the intermediate level. Here, we use unique data on lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of female collared flycatchers to test whether LRS is associated with within-individual MHC class II diversity. We also examined the association between MHC and infection with avian malaria. Using 454 sequencing, we found that individual flycatchers carry between 3 and 23 functional MHC class II B alleles. Predictions of the optimality hypothesis were not confirmed by our data as the prevalence of blood parasites decreased with functional MHC diversity. Furthermore, we did not find evidence for an association between MHC diversity and LRS.
Data from: Lifetime reproductive success, selection on lifespan and multiple sexual ornaments in male European barn swallows
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Data from: MHC diversity, malaria and lifetime reproductive success in collared flycatchers
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The contribution of extra-pair paternity to the variation in lifetime and age-specific male reproductive success in a socially monogamous species
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Data from: Early reproductive investment, senescence and lifetime reproductive success in female Asian elephants
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Data from: Pulsed food resources, but not forest cover, determines lifetime reproductive success in a forest-dwelling rodent
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Data from: Variance in within-pair reproductive success influences the opportunity for selection annually and over the lifetimes of males in a multi-brooded songbird
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Data from: Pluck or luck: does trait variation or chance drive variation in lifetime reproductive success?
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Data from: Relative contributions of fixed and dynamic heterogeneity to variation in lifetime reproductive success in kestrels (Falco tinnunculus)
<p>These data contain information about the survival and reproduction of Common kestrels in the Haarlemmermeer, The Netherlands. This dataset was used by Broekman et al. (2020) to fit a capture-mark-recapture multistate model, which was subsequently used to analyse relative contributions of fixed and dynamic heterogeneity to variation in lifetime reproductive success.</p> <p>The Common Kestrel (<em>Falco tinnunculus</em>) is a small raptor that is widespread in Europe and is the most common bird of prey in the Netherlands. It is a short-lived species and can start breeding in their second calendar year (Village 1990). We studied a kestrel population in the Haarlemmermeer (185 km<sup>2</sup>), which contains Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. This area has on average 56 breeding pairs per year (varying between 36 and 73 breeding pairs per year, see table S1 in Broekman et al. 2020), with clutch sizes ranging from 1 to 8 eggs. The Life-time Reproductive Success (LRS) in this population ranges between 0-42 for females and 0-38 for males, with the majority of the offspring produced by a small fraction of the population (4% of the kestrels produce around 30% of the offspring). </p> <p>Data on this population were collected by Bert Jan Bol between 1993-2015 and entailed capturing and individually marking of birds, as well as observing the success of all nests (mainly in nest boxes) in the study area (Bol 1997). In addition, breeding biology data were gathered, which included, among others, the location, the number of fledglings and the identity and age of the parents. The identity of the mother was known for 81% of the nests and the identity of the father was known for 29% of the nests (N = 1194). Furthermore, in a previous study on this population we determined the amount of extra-pair paternities in 109 different nests from 2011-2014, including years with both low and high prey abundance and did not find any extra-pair paternities (Broekman 2016). We can therefore assume that the identified father of a nest is the father off all offspring from that nest.</p> <p> </p> <p>Description of each of the variables in the dataset:</p> <p><strong>ID</strong></p> <p>Unique ID of the individual</p> <p><strong>sex</strong></p> <p>Male or Female. The sex of some individuals is unknown because it is difficult to determine the sex of young individuals</p> <p><strong>age</strong></p> <p>Age of the individual. Individuals are 0 years old when they are captured in the year they were born or when they are captured in the first three months of the following year (the same applies to 1, 2, 3 years old individuals, etc.). It is therefore possible that age and year do not increase in concert along the observations on an individual. Some individuals have an unknown age, but it is at least known they are older than 1 year. The age of these individuals is >1 (or >2 if its age was >1 the previous year) </p> <p><strong>year</strong></p> <p>Year in which the individual was captured, found dead, or identified (retrospectively) as the father through DNA analysis of offspring</p> <p><strong>nOffspring</strong></p> <p>Number of fledglings an individual produced. If it is NA the individual was not found breeding, which could either mean the individual was not breeding or it was breeding but has not been detected while breeding</p> <p><strong>closeToSchiphol</strong></p> <p>Indicates whether the individual was captured within 3 km from the closest runway from Schiphol (= Yes) or further away (= No) </p> <p><strong>insideHaarlemmermeer</strong></p> <p>Indicates whether the individual was captured within the Haarlemmermeerpolder, the study area (= Yes) or outside the Haarlemmermeerpolder (= No). Some individuals are captured both inside or outside the Haarlemmermeerpolder in the same year. In these cases, both observations of the individuals are retained in the dataset, indicating that the individual migrated into or away from the study area</p> <p><strong>dead</strong></p> <p>Indicates whether the individual was captured alive (= No) or found dead (Yes)</p> <p> </p>
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