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91 results for “light environment”
Data from: Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths
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Active and low-cost hyperspectral imaging for spectral analysis in low lighting environment
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Data from: Light environment influences mating behaviours during the early stages of divergence in tropical butterflies
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Data from: Light environment and seasonal variation in the visual system of the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis)
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Datasets used in the publication "Trends in Winter Light Environment Over the Arctic Ocean..."
<p>These are datasets accompanying the publication DOI:10.1029/2020GL089037.</p> <p>For each year and for every pixel in a daily time series of OC-CCI v3.1 Chlorophyll at 4 km resolution, the first day (Ts) (in Day of Year) when a valid chlorophyll value appears in the data set is identified. A valid pixel implies that the satellite sensor has detected open water with clear skies. Te denotes the last day in the year when there is a valid chlorophyll value in the data set. For each year, the open‐water duration for the pixel is computed as D = Te − Ts.</p> <p>The file <strong>Ts_Te_D_statistics_OC-CCI.nc</strong> contains all data needed to generate figures 1-2, and panels A-C in figure 3.</p> <p>The file <strong>Ts_Te_D_statistics_SeaIce-CCI.n</strong>c contains all data needed to generate panels D-F in figure 3.</p> <p>The file <strong>PAR_Chl_first_last_day.nc</strong> contains all data needed to generate figure 4</p>
Self-organising cicada choruses respond to the local sound and light environment
<p>1. Periodical cicadas exhibit an extraordinary capacity for self-organising spatially synchronous breeding behavior. The regular emergence of periodical cicada broods across the US is a phenomenon of longstanding public and scientific interest, as the cicadas of each brood emerge in huge numbers and briefly dominate their ecosystem. During the emergence, the 17-year periodical cicada species Magicicada cassini is found to form synchronised choruses, and we investigated their chorusing behavior from the standpoint of spatial synchrony.</p> <p>2. Cicada choruses were observed to form in trees, calling regularly every five seconds. In order to determine the limits of this self-organising behaviour, we set out to quantify the spatial synchronisation between cicada call choruses in different trees, and how and why this varies in space and time.</p> <p>3. We performed 20 simultaneous recordings in Clinton State Park, Kansas, in June 2015 (Brood IV) with a team of citizen-science volunteers using consumer equipment (smartphones). We use a wavelet approach to show in detail how spatially synchronous, self-organised chorusing varies across the forest.</p> <p>4. We show how conditions that increase the strength of audio interactions between cicadas also increase the spatial synchrony of their chorusing. Higher forest canopy light levels increase cicada activity, corresponding to faster and higher-amplitude chorus cycling and to greater synchrony of cycles across space. We implemented a relaxation-oscillator-ensemble model of interacting cicadas, finding that a tendency to call more often, driven by light levels, results in all these effects.</p> <p>5. Results demonstrate how the capacity to self-organise in ecology depends sensitively on environmental conditions. Spatially correlated modulation of cycling rate by an external driver can also promote self-organisation of phase synchrony.</p>
Data from: Small Carbonaceous Fossils (SCFs) from North Greenland: new light on metazoan diversity in early Cambrian shelf environments
<p>The Sirius Passet <i>Lagerstätte</i> of North Greenland provides one of the oldest records of soft-bodied metazoan-dominated ecosystems from within the early Cambrian. The <i>Lagerstätte</i> site itself is restricted to just a single ~1 km-long outcrop located offshore from the shelf margin, in an area that has been affected by metamorphic alteration during the Ellesmerian Orogeny (Devonian–Early Carboniferous). The recent recovery of Small Carbonaceous Fossils (SCFs) to the south in areas that have escaped the effects of this deformation has substantially expanded the known coverage of organic preservation into shallower-water depositional settings in this region. Here we describe additional SCF assemblages from the siliciclastic shelf succession of the Buen Formation (Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3-4; ∼ 515 Ma), expanding upon the previously documented SCF biota. Newly recovered material reveals a rich diversity of non-mineralizing metazoans, chiefly represented by arthropod remains. These include the filtering and grinding elements of a sophisticated crustacean feeding apparatus - the oldest crustacean remains reported to date - alongside an assortment of bradoriid sclerites, including almost complete, three-dimensional valves which tie-together a number of SCFs previously found in isolation. Other metazoan remains include various trilobite cuticles, diverse scalidophoran sclerites, and a range of metazoan fragments of uncertain affinities. This shallower-water assemblage differs substantially from the Sirius Passet biota, which is dominated by problematic euarthropod stem-group members and sponges. Though some of these discrepancies are attributable to taphonomic or temporal factors, these lateral variations in taxonomic composition also point to significant palaeoenvironmental and/or palaeoecological controls on early Cambrian metazoan communities.</p>
Data from: Acclimation of leaf traits in seasonal light environments: are non-native species more plastic?
1. In temperate deciduous forests, understory light environments vary dramatically throughout spring, summer, and autumn due to tree canopy leaf display. This variability in light level is a physiological challenge for understory species that produce sun-adapted leaves in the spring before being shaded by the tree canopy. Similarly, some understory species display leaves late into autumn after the tree canopy senesces. 2. Many species in North American deciduous forests with extended leaf display are not native to North America. Since many non-native species have been shown to have greater plasticity than natives, we hypothesized that leaves of non-native species may be more plastic with respect to seasonal light changes than natives, and that this plasticity may allow them to assimilate more carbon in the same environment. 3. We measured leaf traits and photosynthetic capacity of 17 native and 13 non-native understory shrub species in a common garden in Syracuse, New York, during spring, summer, and autumn. We tested for the contribution of seasonal mean and variance (plasticity) of leaf traits to a species' average photosynthetic rate and total leaf production. We also analyzed the extent to which leaf adjustments depended on whether plants continued to produce new leaves over the growing season. 4. Leaf traits of both native and non-native species varied seasonally, but plasticity varied in extent and contribution to overall carbon gain. Non-native species had the highest seasonal plasticity, but, contrary to our hypothesis, such plasticity did not contribute to their overall carbon gain. However, leaf trait plasticity was adaptive for native species that continued to produce leaves throughout the year, primarily due to increases in quantum efficiency and electron transport rate in leaves produced mid-year compared to leaves produced early in the year. 5. Synthesis. Despite large adjustments in leaf traits across seasonal light environments for both native species and non-native species, we found little evidence that leaf-level plasticity drives non-native invasion or contributes strongly to annual carbon gain or productivity in understory species. Instead, differences in mean leaf traits across seasons are sufficient to explain carbon gain advantages of non-native woody species in deciduous forests.
Data from: Multiple signaling in a variable environment: expression of song and color traits as a function of ambient sound and light
Many animals communicate using more than one signal, and several hypotheses exist to explain the evolution of multiple signals. However, these hypotheses typically assume static selection pressures and previous work has not addressed how spatial and temporal environmental variation can shape variation in signaling systems. In particular, environmental variability, such as ambient lighting or noise, may affect efficacy (e.g. detectability/perception by receivers) of signals. To examine how signal expression varies intraspecifically as a function of habitat characteristics, we evaluated relationships between spatial environmental variation and song and plumage color expression in a tropical songbird, the red-throated ant-tanager (Habia fuscicauda) in Panama. We recorded male ant-tanager song, plucked feathers to measure coloration, and recorded the acoustic and light environments from each male's territory. In addition, we took several morphometric measurements from each male to assess the potential information content of song and plumage color. We found that males with redder and more saturated crowns occurred on darker territories, and males that sang shorter and lower frequency songs occurred on noisier territories. We also found that more colorful males tended to sing longer and lower frequency songs. Finally we found that song and color correlated similarly with male morphology (e.g. tarsus length, body mass). Altogether these results indicate that spatial variation in the environment is related to male coloration and song, and that males might be optimizing color and song expression for their particular territorial environment.
Data from: The pervasive effects of lighting environments on sensory drive in bluefin killifish: an investigation into male/male competition, female choice, and predation
Sensory drive predicts that the conditions under which signaling takes place have large effects on signals, sensory systems, and behavior. The coupling of an ecological genetics approach with sensory drive has been fruitful. An ecological genetics approach compares populations that experience different environments and asks whether population differences are adaptive and are the result of genetic and/or environmental variation. The multi-faceted effects of signaling environments are well-exemplified by the bluefin killifish. In this system, males with blue anal fins are abundant in tannin-stained swamps that lack UV/blue light but are absent in clear springs where UV/blue light is abundant. Past work indicates that lighting environments shape genetic and environmental variation in color patterns, visual systems, and behavior. Less is known about the selective forces creating the across population correlations between UV/blue light and the abundance of blue males. Here, we present three new experiments that investigate the roles of lighting environments on male competition, female mate choice, and predation. We found strong effects of lighting environments on male competition where blue males were more likely to emerge as dominant in tea-stained water than in clear water. Our preliminary study on predation indicated that blue males may be less susceptible to predation in tea-stained water than in clear water. However, there was little evidence for female preferences favoring blue males. The resulting pattern is one where the effects of lighting environments on genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity match the direction of selection and favor the expression of blue males in swamps.
Data from: Genet dynamics of a regenerating dwarf bamboo population across heterogeneous light environments in a temperate forest understorey
Despite the advantage of plant clonality in patchy environments, studies focusing on genet demography in relation to spatially heterogeneous environments remain scarce. Regeneration of bamboos in forest understoreys after synchronous die-off provides an opportunity for assessing how they come to proliferate across heterogeneous light environments. In a Japanese forest, we examined genet demography of a population of Sasa kurilensis over a 7-year period starting 10 years after die-off, shortly after which some genets began spreading horizontally by rhizomes. The aboveground biomass was estimated and genets were discriminated in 9-m2 plots placed under both canopy gaps and closed canopies. Overall, the results suggest that the survival and spread of more productive genets and the spatial expansion of genets into closed canopies underlie the proliferation of S. kurilensis. Compared to canopy gaps, the recovery rate of biomass was much slower under closed canopies for the first 10 years after the die-off, but became accelerated during the next seven years. Genet survival was greater for more productive genets (with greater initial number of culms), and the spaces occupied by genets that died were often colonized afterward by clonal growth of surviving genets. The number of genets decreased under canopy gaps due to greater mortality, but increased under closed canopies where greater number of genets colonized clonally from outside the plots than genets died. The colonizing genets were more productive (having larger culms) than those originally germinated within the plots, and the contribution of colonizing genets to the biomass was greater under closed canopies. Our study emphasizes the importance of investigating genet dynamics over relevant spatio-temporal scales to reveal processes underlying the success of clonal plants in heterogeneous habitats.
Data from: Effects of light environment during growth on the expression of cone opsin genes and behavioral spectral sensitivities in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Background: The visual system is important for animals for mate choice, food acquisition, and predator avoidance. Animals possessing a visual system can sense particular wavelengths of light emanating from objects and their surroundings and perceive their environments by processing information contained in these visual perceptions of light. Visual perception in individuals varies with the absorption spectra of visual pigments and the expression levels of opsin genes, which may be altered according to the light environments. However, which light environments and the mechanism by which they change opsin expression profiles and whether these changes in opsin gene expression can affect light sensitivities are largely unknown. This study determined whether the light environment during growth induced plastic changes in opsin gene expression and behavioral sensitivity to particular wavelengths of light in guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Results: Individuals grown under orange light exhibited a higher expression of long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin genes and a higher sensitivity to 600-nm light than those grown under green light. In addition, we confirmed that variations in the expression levels of LWS opsin genes were related to the behavioral sensitivities to long wavelengths of light. Conclusions: The light environment during the growth stage alters the expression levels of LWS opsin genes and behavioral sensitivities to long wavelengths of light in guppies. The plastically enhanced sensitivity to background light due to changes in opsin gene expression can enhance the detection and visibility of predators and foods, thereby affecting survival. Moreover, changes in sensitivities to orange light may lead to changes in the discrimination of orange/red colors of male guppies and might alter female preferences for male color patterns.
Data from: A quantitative test of the predicted relationship between countershading and lighting environment.
Countershading, a vertical luminance gradient from a dark back to a light belly, is perhaps the most common coloration phenotype in the animal kingdom. Why? We investigated whether countershading functions as self-shadow concealment (SSC) in ruminants. We calculated "optimal" countershading for SSC by measuring illumination falling onto a model ruminant as a function of time of day and lighting environment. Calibrated images of 114 species of ruminant were compared to the countershading model, and phylogenetic analyses were used to find the best predictors of coats' countershading characteristics. In many species, countershading was close to the model's prediction of "optimal" countershading for SSC. Stronger countershading was associated with increased use of open lighting environments, living closer to the equator, and small body size. Abrupt transitions from dark to light tones were more common in open lighting environments but unassociated with group size or antipredator behavior. Though the SSC hypothesis prediction for stronger countershading in diurnal species was not supported and noncountershaded or reverse-countershaded species were unexpectedly common, this basic pattern of associations is explained only by the SSC hypothesis. Despite extreme variation in lighting conditions, many terrestrial animals still find protection from predation by compensating for their own shadows.
Data for: Light-absorbing impurities in glacial environments over western Himalaya from reanalysis data and in situ observations
<p>The repository contains information about 6 aerosol variables extracted from MERRA-2 reanalysis over western Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir. It also contains data about glacier ice chemistry based on 9 physicochemical characteristics of 3 glaciers nestled in the Greater Himalayan Mountain range of Kashmir. Air mass back trajectories as simulated from HYSPLIT model on a seasonal basis are also provided.</p>
Data from: Diversity and evolution of frog visual opsins: spectral tuning and adaptation to distinct light environments
<p>Datasets for the publication Diversity and evolution of frog visual opsins: spectral tuning and adaptation to distinct light environments.</p>
Ecological impacts of photosynthetic light harvesting in changing aquatic environments: A systematic literature map
<p>Underwater light is spatially as well as temporally variable and directly affects phytoplankton growth and competition. Here we systematically (following the guidelines of PRISMA-EcoEvo) searched and screened the published literature resulting in 640 individual articles. We mapped the conducted research for the objectives of (1) phytoplankton fundamental responses to light, (2) effects of light on the competition between phytoplankton species and (3) effects of climate change induced changes in the light availability in aquatic ecosystems. Among the fundamental responses of phytoplankton to light, the effects of light intensity (quantity, as measure of total photon or energy flux) were investigated in most identified studies. The effects of the light spectrum (quality) that via species-specific light absorbance result in direct consequences on species competition emerged more recently. Complexity in competition arises due to variability and fluctuations in light which effects are sparsely investigated on community level. Predictions regarding future climate change scenarios included changes in in stratification and mixing, lake and coastal ocean darkening, UV radiation, ice melting as well as light pollution which affect the underwater light-climate. Generalization of consequences is difficult due to a high variability, interactions of consequences as well as a lack in sustained timeseries and holistic approaches. Nevertheless, our systematic literature map, and the identified articles within, provide a comprehensive overview and shall guide prospective research.</p>
Diurnal regulation of photosynthetic light absorption, electron transport and carbon fixation in two contrasting oceanic environments
<p>Dataset accompanying the publication Schuback N & Tortell PD, Diurnal regulation of photosynthetic light absorption, electron transport and carbon fixation in two contrasting oceanic environments, Biogeosciences, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-524.</p>
Characterizing the modern light environment and its influence on circadian rhythms
<p>Humans have largely supplanted natural light cycles with a variety of electric light sources and schedules misaligned with day-night cycles. Circadian disruption has been linked to a number of disease processes, but the extent of circadian disruption among the population is unknown. In this study, we measured light exposure and wrist temperature among residents of an urban area during each of the four seasons, as well as light illuminance in nearby outdoor locations. Daily light exposure was significantly lower for individuals, compared to outdoor light sensors, across all four seasons. There was also little seasonal variation in the realized photoperiod experienced by individuals, with the only significant difference occurring between winter and summer. We tested the hypothesis that differential light exposure impacts circadian phase timing, detected via the wrist temperature rhythm. To determine the influence of light exposure on circadian rhythms, we modeled the impact of morning and nighttime light exposure on the timing of the maximum wrist temperature. We found that morning and nighttime light exposure had significant but opposing impacts on maximum wrist temperature timing. Our results demonstrate that, within the range of exposure seen in everyday life, nighttime light can delay the onset of the maximum wrist temperature, while morning light can lead to earlier onset. Our results demonstrate that humans are minimizing natural seasonal differences in light exposure, and that circadian shifts and disruptions may be a more regular occurrence in the general population than is currently recognized.</p>
Data for: The photosynthetic response of spectral chlorophyll fluorescence differs across species and light environments in a boreal forest ecosystem
<p>Chlorophyll fluorescence can serve as a proxy of photosynthesis in boreal forests. When sustained non-photochemical quenching (NPQS) relaxes towards summer, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) emission increases along with photosynthesis. Yet, other physical and physiological factors can also leave a measurable imprint on the fluorescence emission spectra, and disrupt this relationship.</p> <p>We measured leaf-level spectral ChlF of Scots pine, Norway spruce and lingonberry exposed to contrasting light environments throughout the spring recovery of photosynthesis, simultaneously with a series of photosynthetic, biochemical and morphological traits. Correlations between traits and ChlF spectral components were analyzed to identify the mechanisms underlying both the spatial variation found between species and light environments, and the temporal variation found across the study period.</p> <p>Spatially, we found evidence of baseline differences in leaf-level ChlF magnitude, which we attribute to species- and light environment-specific changes in leaf morphology. Temporally, ChlF magnitude followed the relaxation of NPQS towards summer, but only in upper canopy foliage and lingonberry, suggesting a seasonal compensation effect between sustained photochemical quenching (PQS) and NPQS, potentially decoupling the seasonal relationship between ChlF and photosynthesis in shaded foliage. Finally, we show subtle changes in the shape of the ChlF spectra that took place independently of chlorophyll concentration dynamics, pointing to the complexity of NPQs which can involve structural rearrangements in the thylakoids and changes in the relative contribution of PSI to emitted ChlF.</p> <p>We conclude that the diversity of species and light environments found within an ecosystem generates a baseline level of variation in leaf spectral ChlF as well as contrasting seasonal photosynthetic acclimation patterns. These sources of variability should be taken into account when developing quantitative models for the interpretation of ChlF data, in particular for applications involving high resolution SIF imaging systems capable of resolving different plant individuals and their parts.</p>
Dataset for "Improving data quality of low-cost light-scattering PM sensors: Towards automatic air quality monitoring in urban environments"
<p>The dataset contains the data used in the article "Improving data quality of low-cost light-scattering PM sensors: Towards automatic air quality monitoring in urban environments".</p> <p>A low-cost monitoring system composed of 14 monitoring stations was positioned at the official monitoring station of Torino Rubino in the city of Turin (Italy). The official station is managed by the environmental agency ARPA Piemonte.</p> <p>Each low-cost station contains four low-cost light-scattering PM sensors (Honeywell HPMA115S0-XXX), one temperature and relative humidity sensor (DHT22), and one atmospheric pressure sensor (BME/BMP280).<br>The sampling time of the PM sensors was set to one second, while the other sensors generated measurements every 3-4 seconds.</p> <p>The official monitoring station uses both a gravimetric and a beta attenuation instrument for measuring PM.</p> <p>The data contained in this dataset was collected from October 2020 to November 2021. It contains the PM2.5, relative humidity, and temperature measurements of the low-cost monitoring system and the official measurements of the beta attenuation device.</p> <p>Measurements of low-cost sensors are expressed in UTC, while official measurements are expressed in UTC+1.</p> <p>Official PM measurements can be also found at https://aria.ambiente.piemonte.it/qualita-aria/dati.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.