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39 results for “long-distance migration”
Data from: A full annual perspective on sex-biased migration timing in long-distance migratory birds
In many taxa, the most common form of sex-biased migration timing is protandry – the earlier arrival of males at breeding areas. Here we test this concept across the annual cycle of long-distance migratory birds. Using more than 350 migration tracks of small-bodied trans-Saharan migrants, we quantify differences in male and female migration schedules and test for proximate determinants of sex-specific timing. In spring, males on average departed from the African non-breeding sites about 3 days earlier and reached breeding sites ca. 4 days ahead of females. In autumn, males started migration about 2 days earlier, but this difference did not carry-over to arrival at the non-breeding sites. A cross-species comparison revealed large variation in the level of protandry and protogyny across the annual cycle. While we found tight links between individual timing of departure and arrival within each migration season, only for males the timing of spring migration was linked to the timing of previous autumn migration. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that protandry is not exclusively a reproductive strategy but rather occurs year-round and the two main proximate determinants for the magnitude of sex-biased arrival times in autumn and spring are sex-specific differences in departure timing and migration duration.
Data from: Migrating songbirds on stopover prepare for, and recover from, oxidative challenges posed by long-distance flight
Managing oxidative stress is an important physiological function for all aerobic organisms, particularly during periods of prolonged high metabolic activity, such as long-distance migration across ecological barriers. However, no previous study has investigated the oxidative status of birds at different stages of migration and whether that oxidative status depends on the condition of the birds. In this study, we compared (1) energy stores and circulating oxidative status measures in (a) two species of Neotropical migrants with differing migration strategies that were sampled at an autumn stopover site before an ecological barrier; and (b) a species of trans-Saharan migrant sampled at a spring stopover site after crossing an ecological barrier; and (2) circulating oxidative measures and indicators of fat metabolism in a trans-Saharan migrant after stopovers of varying duration (0–8 nights), based on recapture records. We found fat stores to be positively correlated with circulating antioxidant capacity in Blackpoll Warblers and Red-eyed Vireos preparing for fall migration on Block Island, USA, but uncorrelated in Garden Warblers on the island of Ponza, Italy, after a spring crossing of the Sahara Desert and Mediterranean Sea. In all circumstances, fat stores were positively correlated with circulating lipid oxidation levels. Among Garden Warblers on the island of Ponza, fat anabolism increased with stopover duration while oxidative damage levels decreased. Our study provides evidence that birds build antioxidant capacity as they build fat stores at stopover sites before long flights, but does not support the idea that antioxidant stores remain elevated in birds with high fuel levels after an ecological barrier. Our results further suggest that lipid oxidation may be an inescapable hazard of using fats as the primary fuel for flight. Yet, we also show that birds on stopover are capable of recovering from the oxidative damage they have accrued during migration, as lipid oxidation levels decrease with time on stopover. Thus, the physiological strategy of migrating songbirds may be to build prophylactic antioxidant capacity in concert with fuel stores at stopover sites before a long-distance flight, and then repair oxidative damage while refueling at stopover sites after long-distance flight.
Data from: Combined genetic and telemetry data reveal high rates of gene flow, migration, and long-distance dispersal potential in Arctic ringed seals (Pusa hispida)
Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) are broadly distributed in seasonally ice covered seas, and their survival and reproductive success is intricately linked to sea ice and snow. Climatic warming is diminishing Arctic snow and sea ice and threatens to endanger ringed seals in the foreseeable future. We investigated the population structure and connectedness within and among three subspecies: Arctic (P. hispida hispida), Baltic (P. hispida botnica), and Lake Saimaa (P. hispida saimensis) ringed seals to assess their capacity to respond to rapid environmental changes. We consider (a) the geographical scale of migration, (b) use of sea ice, and (c) the amount of gene flow between subspecies. Seasonal movements and use of sea ice were determined for 27 seals tracked via satellite telemetry. Additionally, population genetic analyses were conducted using 354 seals representative of each subspecies and 11 breeding sites. Genetic analyses included sequences from two mitochondrial regions and genotypes of 9 microsatellite loci. We found that ringed seals disperse on a pan-Arctic scale and both males and females may migrate long distances during the summer months when sea ice extent is minimal. Gene flow among Arctic breeding sites and between the Arctic and the Baltic Sea subspecies was high; these two subspecies are interconnected as are breeding sites within the Arctic subspecies.
Experimental manipulation of photoperiod influences migration timing in a wild, long-distance migratory songbird
<p>Previous laboratory studies have demonstrated the role of photoperiod in cueing the migration timing of small land birds; however, how migration timing of young birds in wild environments develops in relation to these cues have rarely been investigated. Such investigations can make important contributions to our developing understanding of the phenotypic plasticity of migration timing to new conditions with climate change, where changes in the timing of nesting may expose juvenile birds to different photoperiods. We investigated the impact of manipulating photoperiod during nestling development in a long-distance migratory songbird on the timing of post-breeding movements in the wild. Using programmable lighting installed in the nest-boxes of purple martins (<em>Progne subis</em>), we exposed developing nestlings, from hatch to fledge date, to an extended photoperiod that matched the day length of the summer solstice in Manitoba, Canada. We found that birds with a simulated, earlier photoperiod had a longer nesting period and later fledge and autumn departure dates than control group birds. This study demonstrates the phenotypic plasticity of first-year birds to the ontogenetic effect of their hatch date in the formation of the timing of their first post-breeding movements. Further, we discuss how these results have implications for the potential use of assisted evolution approaches to alter migration timing to match new conditions with climate change.</p>
Migration-tracking integrated phylogeography supports long-distance dispersal-driven divergence for a migratory bird species in the Japanese archipelago
<p>Previous phylogeographic studies of migratory bird species have not discriminated long-distance dispersal (LDD) from vicariant speciation in their diversification process. We conducted an integrative phylogeographic approach to test the LDD hypothesis, which predicts that a Japanese migratory bird subspecies diverged from a population in the coastal region of the East China Sea (CRECS) via LDD over the East China Sea (ECS). We used the Brown Shrike as a model species, and we conducted molecular phylogenetics, species distribution models (SDMs) and migration tracking. We assessed whether the LDD hypothesis is applicable to the divergence history of the Japanese subspecies of the Brown Shrike.</p> <p>The datasets include three zipped files, namely DataS1.zip, DataS2.zip, and DataS3.zip. See the READ ME (AOKI_et_al_2021_DATASET_README.txt) for how each of the folder and files contained in them can be used to reproduce our results.</p> <p>DataS1.zip inlcudes an xml file to conduct the BEAST analysis. Molecular data, which include nucleotide sequences obtained for cytochrome b (cytb), cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI), myoglobin intron-2 (MB) and transforming growth factor beta 2 intron-5 (TGFb2), have been all reposited to DDBJ international nucleotide sequence database, and accession numbers have been already given to them. Accession numbers are provided in the appendix attached to the main manuscript.</p> <p>DataS2.zip includes several data that are related to produce occurrence data of the Brown Shrike used in the analysis and an R code to reproduce the SDMs. Explanatory climatic variables are all available at WorldClim v.1.4 (Hijmans et al., 2005), which are processed in the R code.</p> <p>DataS3.zip includes migratory route analyses using light-level geolocator data are available as the original light-level data and R codes. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted in these analyses, but their codes and results are seperately provided here.</p>
Data from: Nathusius' bats optimize long-distance migration by flying at maximum range speed.
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Data from: Assessing reliance on vector navigation in the long-distance oceanic migrations of green sea turtles
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Migration-tracking integrated phylogeography supports long-distance dispersal-driven divergence for a migratory bird species in the Japanese archipelago
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Experimental manipulation of photoperiod influences migration timing in a wild, long-distance migratory songbird
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Data from: Polymorphism at the Clock gene predicts phenology of long-distance migration in birds
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Data from: Combined genetic and telemetry data reveal high rates of gene flow, migration, and long-distance dispersal potential in Arctic ringed seals (Pusa hispida)
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Data from: Migrating songbirds on stopover prepare for, and recover from, oxidative challenges posed by long-distance flight
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Data from: A full annual perspective on sex-biased migration timing in long-distance migratory birds
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Data from: To migrate or not: drivers of over-summering in a long-distance migratory shorebird
<p>The phenomenon of over-summering in southern non-breeding areas by boreal-breeding birds is particularly prevalent among shorebirds. Despite its frequency, it is understudied compared with most other aspects of shorebird ecology. Our aim was to expand knowledge of this subject through a study of Red Knots <i>Calidris canutus rufa </i>over-summering at a site in Argentina during the austral winter. We measured the proportion of one-year-old and adult over-summerers and evaluated the roles of flight-feather condition and physiological status (through leukocite profile, physiological stress index, and presence of blood parasites) as triggers for over-summering. We also explore sex-ratio, the evolution of body mass and extent of breeding plumage within each age-class. Over-summerers were 57% yearlings and 43% adults, 46% females and 54% males. Almost all yearlings exhibited incomplete molt of primary feathers and some were in active primary molt. This suggests that the condition of flight-feathers and the timing of molt are likely to be important factors selecting for deferred migration during the first year of life. Other factors, not associated with flight-feather molt, seem to trigger over-summering in adults, which had completed flight feather molt but had low fat loads and/or incomplete alternate plumage. We found no evidence of a weakened immune system, high loads of blood parasites, or high stress levels that can explain this poor migratory conditioning and therefore over-summering. Our data indicates that our adult age-class comprises both young individuals postponing first breeding until they are at least two years old and sexually mature individuals with prior reproductive experience skipping a breeding opportunity. Breeding propensity and age at first breeding are both poorly known, but key demographic parameters that determine population growth. This study suggests that potentially they can be estimated from mark-recapture at non-breeding areas and this warrants further study.</p>
Data from: Around the Mediterranean: an extreme example of loop migration in a long-distance migratory passerine
An important issue in migration research is how small-bodied passerines pass over vast geographical barriers; in European-African avian migration, these are represented by the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert. Eastern (passing Eastern Mediterranean), central (passing Apennine Peninsula) and western (via western Mediterranean) major migration flyways are distinguished for European migratory birds. The autumn and spring migration routes may differ (loop migration) and there could be a certain level of individual flexibility in how individuals navigate themselves during a single migration cycle. We used light-level loggers to map migration routes of barn swallows Hirundo rustica breeding in the centre of a wide putative contact zone between the north-eastern and southern-western European populations that differ in migration flyways utilised and wintering grounds. Our data documented high variation in migration patterns and wintering sites of tracked birds (n = 19 individuals) from a single breeding colony, with evidence for loop migration in all but one of the tracked swallows. In general, two migratory strategies were distinguished. In the first, birds wintering in a belt stretching from south-central to southern Africa that used an eastern route for both the spring and autumn migration, then shifted their spring migration eastwards (anti-clockwise loops, n = 12). In the second, birds used an eastern or central route to their wintering grounds in central Africa, shifting the spring migration route westward (clockwise loops, n = 7). In addition, we observed an extremely wide clockwise loop migration encompassing the entire Mediterranean, with one individual utilising both the eastern (autumn) and western (spring) migratory flyway during a single annual migration cycle. Further investigation is needed to ascertain whether clockwise migratory loops encircling the entire Mediterranean also occur other small long-distance passerine species.
Data from: Individual consistency of long-distance migration in a songbird: significant repeatability of autumn route, stopovers and wintering sites but not in timing of migration
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Data from: To migrate or not: drivers of over-summering in a long-distance migratory shorebird
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Data from: Around the Mediterranean: an extreme example of loop migration in a long-distance migratory passerine
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Short- and long-distance extrinsic regulation of interneuron specification and migration
GEO Series GSE202874. Homo sapiens. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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