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31 results for “macrofossils”
Data from: A comparative study of ancient sedimentary DNA, pollen and macrofossils from permafrost sediments of northern Siberia reveals long-term vegetational stability
Although ancient DNA from sediments (sedaDNA) has been used to investigate past ecosystems, the approach has never been directly compared to the traditional methods of pollen and macrofossil analysis. We conducted a comparative survey of 18 ancient permafrost samples spanning the Late Pleistocene (46–12.5 thousand years ago), from the Taymyr Peninsula in northern Siberia. The results show that pollen, macrofossils and sedaDNA are complementary rather than overlapping, and in combination reveal more detailed information on plant palaeocommunities than can be achieved by each individual approach. SedaDNA and macrofossils share greater overlap in plant identifications than with pollen, suggesting that sedaDNA is local in origin. These two proxies also permit identification to lower taxonomic levels than pollen, enabling investigation of temporal changes in species composition and the determination of indicator species to describe environmental changes. Combining data from all three proxies, reveals an area continually dominated by a mosaic vegetation of tundra-steppe, pioneer and wet-indicator plants. Such vegetational stability is unexpected, given the severe climate changes taking place in the northern hemisphere during this time, with changes in average annual temperatures of > 22ºC. This may explain the abundance of ice-age mammals such as horse and bison in Taymyr Peninsula during the Pleistocene, and why it acted as a refugium for the last mainland woolly mammoth. Our finding reveals the benefits of combining sedaDNA, pollen and macrofossil for palaeovegetational reconstruction and add to the increasing evidence suggesting large areas of the northern hemisphere remained ecologically stable during the Late Pleistocene.
FIGURE 2 in Evaluating the taxonomy of macrofossils used in macroevolution: a case study of Artemisia (Asteraceae)
FIGURE 2. Leaf morphology of the macrofossils and extant Artemisia frigida leaves. A. Fossil leaf (redrawn from Zazula et al. 2003: Fig. 1d); B. Fossil leaf (redrawn from Zazula et al. 2007: Fig. 7i); C. Extant leaf central lobe of A. frigida; D. Extant upper leaf of A. frigida; E. Extant middle leaf of A. frigida; F. Extant lower leaf of A. frigida. Scale bar = 2 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Evaluating the taxonomy of macrofossils used in macroevolution: a case study of Artemisia (Asteraceae)
FIGURE 1. Leaf lobes and venation of Artemisia and its three closely related genera. A. A. igniaria; B. A. tridentata; C. A. chinensis; D. A. maritima; E. A. annua; F. A. stechmanniana; G. A. frigida; H. A. scoparia; I. Kaschgaria komarovii; J. Chrysanthemum indicum; K. Ajania pallasiana; L. fossil leaf (redrawn from Zazula et al. 2003); M. fossil leaf (redrawn from Zazula et al. 2007). Three pictures per species, 1 is the line drawing, 2 is the original image, and 3 is a partial enlarged view, showing the details of venation. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Evaluating the taxonomy of macrofossils used in macroevolution: a case study of Artemisia (Asteraceae)
FIGURE 3. Corolla morphology of disc floret of extant Artemisia, its allies and the fossils. A. A. igniaria; B. A. tridentata; C. A. chinensis; D. A. maritima; E. A. annua; F. A. stechmanniana; G. A. frigida; H. A. scoparia; I. Kaschgaria komarovii; J. Chrysanthemum indicum; K. Ajania pallasiana; L. fossil (redrawn from Zazula et al. 2003: Fig. 1a). Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE S1 in Evaluating the taxonomy of macrofossils used in macroevolution: a case study of Artemisia (Asteraceae)
FIGURE S1. Morphological comparison of Artemisia and its three closely related genera in the phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree was summarized from Malik et al. (2017), Mei et al. (2016) and Sanz et al. (2008). The pictures in black boxes are A. A. igniaria; B. A. tridentata; C. A. chinensis; D. A. maritima; E. A. annua; F. A. stechmanniana; G. A. frigida; H. A. scoparia; and I. Kaschgaria komarovii; J. Chrysanthemum indicum; K. Ajania pallasiana; L1. fossil leaf (redrawn from Zazula et al. 2003); L2. fossil leaf (redrawn from Zazula et al. 2007); and L3. fossil corolla (redrawn from Zazula et al. 2003).
Plant macrofossil, peat geochemical and chronological data from sub-Arctic European peatlands
<p>This dataset consists of raw data from peat records analysed for plant macrofossils, peat geochemical properties supplemented by chronological control data from high-latitude Sweden, Finland and European Russia. Altogether, 33 peat cores were analysed from 16 peatlands. Peat cores were collected from seasonally thawed active peat layer with a box corer or a so-called Russian corer. Peat records cover both currently intermediate (n= 25) and dry (n= 8) surfaces. Majority of the sites (n= 12) are permafrost peatlands either with sporadic or discontinuous permafrost. Changes in peatland vegetation and peat and carbon accumulation were studied to resolve how high-latitude peatlands react to past and recent changes in climate. Peat properties were examined for bulk density, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and C/N ratio. C accumulation was calculated for the past two millennia. To establish chronological control, peat layers were dated with 210Pb and radiocarbon 14. To create age-depth models we used Plum and the ages retrieved form the models are found in this dataset. The data have been analysed between 2016 and 2020. More information about the methods can be found from Piilo et al. “Consistent centennial-scale change in European sub-Arctic peatland vegetation towards <em>Sphagnum</em> dominance – implications for carbon sink capacity”. Global Change Biology.</p>
Data from: A comparative study of ancient sedimentary DNA, pollen and macrofossils from permafrost sediments of northern Siberia reveals long-term vegetational stability
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Data from: Reliability of macrofossils in woodrat (Neotoma) middens for detecting low-density tree populations
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Data from: The Beothukis/Culmofrons problem and its bearing on Ediacaran macrofossil taxonomy: evidence from an exceptional new fossil locality
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Data from: X-rays and virtual taphonomy resolve the first Cissus (Vitaceae) macrofossils from Africa as early diverging members of the genus
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Data from: Proxy comparison in ancient peat sediments: pollen, macrofossil and plant DNA
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