Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 19 in Cranial Anatomy Of Kryptobaatar Dashzevegi (Mammalia, Multituberculata), And Its Bearing On The Evolution Of Mammalian Characters

Fig. 19. Stereophotograph of the left orbitotemporal region of the skull of Kryptobaatar dashzevegi PSSMAE 113 in oblique dorsolateral view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines denote breakage. Abbreviations: al anterior lamina; ef ethmoidal foramen; fr frontal; ju jugal; lac lacrimal; mx maxilla; pa parietal; pop postorbital process (broken); spf sphenopalatine foramen; sq squamosal.

Fig. 4 in Cranial Anatomy Of Kryptobaatar Dashzevegi (Mammalia, Multituberculata), And Its Bearing On The Evolution Of Mammalian Characters

Fig. 4. The skull of Kryptobaatar dashzevegi PSSMAE 113 in (clockwise from upper left) dorsal ventral, anterior, posterior, right lateral, and left lateral views.

Fig. 16 in Cranial Anatomy Of Kryptobaatar Dashzevegi (Mammalia, Multituberculata), And Its Bearing On The Evolution Of Mammalian Characters

Fig. 16. Stereophotograph of the skull of Kryptobaatar dashzevegi PSSMAE 101 in posterior view with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines denote breakage. Abbreviations: aar atlas arch; ax axis; con (mandibular) condyle; cor coronoid process; exoc exoccipital lac lacrimal; lacf lacrimal foramen; mx maxilla; ocon occipital condyle; pc pterygoid crest; pet petrosal ptc posttemporal canal; sq squamosal; sup supraoccipital.

Fig. 14 in Cranial Anatomy Of Kryptobaatar Dashzevegi (Mammalia, Multituberculata), And Its Bearing On The Evolution Of Mammalian Characters

Fig. 14. Stereophotograph of the skull of Kryptobaatar dashzevegi PSSMAE 101 in ventral view with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix. Abbreviations: ali alisphenoid; ax axis; azr anterior zygomatic ridge; bo basioccipital; cp crista parotica; fhy fragment of hyoid arch; foi foramen ovale inferium; fv fenestra vestibuli; gl glenoid fossa; i3a alveolus for third upper incisor; inf incisive foramen; iof infraorbital foramen; jf jugular fossa; mpf minor palatine foramen; msy mandibular symphysis; muf muscular facet; mx maxilla; oiof orbital aperture of infraorbital canal; P3 third upper premolar; pal palatine; pat postpalatine torus; pef perilymphatic foramen; pmx premaxilla; ptc posttemporal canal; ptca pterygoid canal; rvnf recess for vascular and nervous foramina (prootic canal, ventral ascending canal, canal for ramus inferior, and facial canal); sth stylohyal; tpmx thickenings of premaxilla; ttf tensor tympani fossa; vo vomer.

Fig. 12 in Cranial Anatomy Of Kryptobaatar Dashzevegi (Mammalia, Multituberculata), And Its Bearing On The Evolution Of Mammalian Characters

Fig. 12. Stereophotograph of the skull of Kryptobaatar dashzevegi PSSMAE 101 in left lateral view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines denote breakage Abbreviations: aar atlas arch; al anterior lamina; ano nasal notch; ef ethmoidal foramen; fr frontal; izr intermediate zygomatic ridge; maf masseteric fossa; mafo masseteric fovea; mf mental foramen; mx maxilla; na nasal; ocon occipital condyle; opf optic foramen; or orbitosphenoid; otc orbitotemporal canal; pa parietal; pmx premaxilla; pop postorbital process (broken); ppr paroccipital process; ptc posttemporal canal; son supraorbital notch; spf sphenopalatine foramen; sq squamosal; sth stylohyal.

Fig. 8 in Cranial Anatomy Of Kryptobaatar Dashzevegi (Mammalia, Multituberculata), And Its Bearing On The Evolution Of Mammalian Characters

Fig. 8. Stereophotograph of the skull of Kryptobaatar dashzevegi PSSMAE 101 in dorsal view with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines denote breakage. Abbreviations: al anterior lamina; ano nasal notch; con (mandibular) condyle; cor coronoid process; exoc exoccipital; fdac foramen of dorsal ascending canal; fr frontal; frt foramen for ramus temporalis; ju jugal; juf jugal facet; lac lacrimal; mx maxilla; na nasal; naf nasal foramen; pa parietal; pmx premaxilla sgf supraglenoid foramen; sq squamosal; sup supraoccipital.

Fig. 11 in Cranial Anatomy Of Kryptobaatar Dashzevegi (Mammalia, Multituberculata), And Its Bearing On The Evolution Of Mammalian Characters

Fig. 11. Stereophotograph of the skull of Kryptobaatar dashzevegi PSSMAE 113 in right lateral view.

Fig. 3 in Cranial Anatomy Of Kryptobaatar Dashzevegi (Mammalia, Multituberculata), And Its Bearing On The Evolution Of Mammalian Characters

Fig. 3. The skull and lower jaws of Kryptobaatar dashzevegi PSSMAE 101 in (clockwise from upper left) dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, right lateral, and left lateral views.

Fig. 6 in Cranial Anatomy Of Kryptobaatar Dashzevegi (Mammalia, Multituberculata), And Its Bearing On The Evolution Of Mammalian Characters

Fig. 6. Stereophotograph of the skull and lower jaws of Kryptobaatar dashzevegi PSSMAE 101 in anterior view, with accompanying line drawing. Gray pattern represents matrix; parallel lines denote breakage. Abbreviations: con (mandibular) condyle; fr frontal; gl glenoid fossa; iof infraorbital foramen mf mental foramen; mx maxilla; na nasal; pmx premaxilla; sq squamosal.

Fig. 1 in Cranial Anatomy Of Kryptobaatar Dashzevegi (Mammalia, Multituberculata), And Its Bearing On The Evolution Of Mammalian Characters

Fig. 1. Map of Mongolia (A) with inset of southcentral region (B) indicating the major fossil localities visited by the joint expeditions of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and the American Museum of Natural History. The specimens of Kryptobaatar dashzevegi described here come from Ukhaa Tolgod and Tugrugeen Shireh.

Figure 11 in Evolution of South American mammalian predators (Borhyaenoidea): anatomical and palaeobiological implications

Figure 11. Pelecyornis australis, from the Santa Cruz Formation (end of early Miocene) of Patagonia, Argentina. A, skeletal reconstruction modified from Sinclair & Farr (1932). Scale bar = 10 cm. B, life reconstruction modified from Scott (1932).

Figure 9 in Evolution of South American mammalian predators (Borhyaenoidea): anatomical and palaeobiological implications

Figure 9. Scapula in lateral view showing variations in the shape of the supraspinous fossa and in the angle between the scapular spine and the vertebral border. A, Borhyaena tuberata PU 015701. B, Lycopsis longirostris UCMP 38061. C, Mayulestes ferox MHNC 1249. D, Prothylacinus patagonicus PU 015700. E, Cladosictis patagonica PU 015170. The scapular spine is broken and the acromion in unknown in all specimens except Mayulestes. Not to scale.

Figure 8 in Evolution of South American mammalian predators (Borhyaenoidea): anatomical and palaeobiological implications

Figure 8. General morphology of the pes in various borhyaenoids, showing the variable development of the first metatarsal. Abbreviations: As, astragalus; Ca, calcaneum; Cu, cuboid; Ec, ectocuneiform; En, entocuneiform; Mc, mesocuneiform; Mt I, first metatarsal; Mt III, third metatarsal; Na, navicular. A, Cladosictis patagonica PU 015046. B, Sipalocyon gracilis PU 015154. C, Prothylacinus patagonicus PU 015700. D, Lycopsis longirostris UCMP 38061. E, Thylacosmilus atrox FMNH P 14344. Not to scale.

Figure 5 in Evolution of South American mammalian predators (Borhyaenoidea): anatomical and palaeobiological implications

Figure 5. Calcaneum in dorsal (top) and anterior (bottom) views, showing the orientation of the ectal facet (arrowed). Abbreviations: CaA, calcaneoastragalar facet; CaCu, calcaneocuboid facet; CaFi, calcaneofibular facet; Su, sustentacular facet. A, Mayulestes ferox MHNC 1249. B, Lycopsis longirostris UCMP 38061. C, Sipalocyon gracilis PU 015154. D, Thylacosmilus atrox FMNH P 14344. E, Borhyaena tuberata MACN 2074–78. Not to scale.

Figure 6 in Evolution of South American mammalian predators (Borhyaenoidea): anatomical and palaeobiological implications

Figure 6. Innominate in lateral right view and proximal extremity of the femur in anterior view in various borhyaenoids, showing: (1) on the innominate, the general shape and orientation of the ilium, and the development of the anterior inferior iliac spine; (2) on the femur, the height of the greater trochanter and the orientation of the femoral head. A, E, Mayulestes ferox MHNC 1249. B, F, Cladosictis patagonica PU 015702. C, J, Lycopsis longirostris UCMP 38061. D, G, Prothylacinus patagonicus PU 015700. H, Borhyaena tuberata PU 015701. I, Thylacosmilus atrox FMNH P 14531. Not to scale.

Figure 7 in Evolution of South American mammalian predators (Borhyaenoidea): anatomical and palaeobiological implications

Figure 7. Tibia and fibula, underlining the general shape of the tibia. A, Mayulestes ferox MHNC 1249. B, Prothylacinus patagonicus PU 015700. C, Lycopsis longirostris UCMP 38061. D, Thylacosmilus atrox FMNH P 14344. Not to scale.

Figure 3 in Evolution of South American mammalian predators (Borhyaenoidea): anatomical and palaeobiological implications

Figure 3. General morphology of the manus in various borhyaenoids, focusing on the first metacarpal and associated proximal phalanx, showing the asymmetrical metacarpophalangeal joint. A, Cladosictis patagonica PU 015046 (manus as found in matrix); proximal phalanx in dorsal and proximal views, Mc I is in dorsal and ventral views. B, Sipalocyon gracilis PU 015154 (manus as found in matrix); proximal phalanx in proximal view. C, Lycopsis longirostris UCMP 38061 (association of phalanges is conjectural); proximal phalanx in dorsal, ventral and proximal views, Mc I in dorsal, ventral and distal views. D, Thylacosmilus atrox FMNH P 14531 (association of phalanges is conjectural); Mc I in dorsal, ventral and distal views. Not to scale.

Figure 2 in Evolution of South American mammalian predators (Borhyaenoidea): anatomical and palaeobiological implications

Figure 2. Humerus in proximal (top) and lateral (bottom) views, showing the variable development of the greater tubercle and deltopectoral crest. A, Mayulestes ferox MHNC 1249. B, Prothylacinus patagonicus PU 015700. C, Thylacosmilus atrox FMNH P 14531. D, Lycopsis longirostris UCMP 38061. E, borhyaenoid UCMP 39250. Not to scale.

Figure 1 in Evolution of South American mammalian predators (Borhyaenoidea): anatomical and palaeobiological implications

Figure 1. Skull and cervical vertebrae in lateral left view, showing the anteroposterior extension of the axial neural process, and the development of strong ventral triangular processes on the axis, C3, and C4 (arrowed). A, Borhyaena tuberata PU 015701 (the fourth cervical is unknown) modified from Sinclair (1906). B, Lycopsis longirostris UCMP 38061 modified from Marshall (1977a). C, Prothylacinus patagonicus PU 015700 (the sixth and seventh cervicals are unknown) modified from Sinclair (1906). D, Cladosictis patagonica PU 015046 (skull) and PU 015170 (cervicals) modified from Sinclair (1906). E, Thylacosmilus atrox FMNH P 14531 (skull, modified from Riggs, 1934), and FMNH P 14344 (cervicals). F, axis in Mayulestes ferox MHNC 1249. The natural curvature of the cervical area is preserved only in Lycopsis (B) and Cladosictis (D). Scale bars: 50 mm in A-E, 5 mm in F.

Figure 4 in Evolution of South American mammalian predators (Borhyaenoidea): anatomical and palaeobiological implications

Figure 4. Distal extremity of the humerus in anterior (top) and distal (middle) views, and ulna (bottom) in lateral view, showing: (1) the presence or absence of the entepicondylar foramen; (2) the protrusion of the medial epicondyle of the humerus; (3) the curvature of the posterior border of the ulna. A, Mayulestes ferox MHNC 1249. B, Cladosictis patagonica PU 015702. C, Prothylacinus patagonicus PU 015700. D, Borhyaena tuberata MACN 2074–78 (humerus) and PU 015701 (ulna). E, Lycopsis longirostris UCMP 38061. Not to scale.