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57 results for “marine dispersal”
Data from: Cycles of trans‐Arctic dispersal and vicariance, and diversification of the amphi‐boreal marine fauna
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Parentage analyses identify local dispersal events and sibling aggregations in a natural population of Millepora hydrocorals, a free-spawning marine invertebrate
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Dispersal is a critical process for the persistence and productivity of marine populations. For many reef species, there is increasing evidence that local demography and self-recruitment have major consequences on their genetic diversity and adaptation to environmental change. Yet empirical data of dispersal patterns in reef-building species remain scarce. Here, we document the first genetic estimates of self-recruitment and dispersal distances in a free-spawning marine invertebrate, the hydrocoral <i>Millepora platyphylla</i>. Using twelve microsatellite markers, we gathered genotypic information from 3,160 georeferenced colonies collected over 9,000 m<sup>2</sup> of a single reef in three adjacent habitats in Moorea, French Polynesia; the mid slope, upper slope, and back reef. Although the adult population was predominantly clonal (85% were clones), our parentage analysis revealed a moderate self-recruitment rate with 8 to 37% of sexual propagules produced locally. Assigned offspring often settled at less than 10 meters from their parents and dispersal events decrease with increasing geographic distance. There were no discrepancies between the dispersal distances of offspring assigned to parents belonging to clonal <i>versus</i> non-clonal genotypes. Inter-habitat dispersal events via cross-reef transport were also detected for sexual and asexual propagules. Sibship analysis showed that full siblings recruit together on the reef (more than 40% settled at < 30 m), resulting in sibling aggregations. Our findings highlight the importance of self-recruitment together with clonality in stabilizing population dynamics, which may ultimately enhance local sustainability and resilience to disturbance.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Evaluating the boundaries of marine biogeographic regions of the Southwestern Atlantic using halacarid mites (Halacaridae), meiobenthic organisms with a low dispersal potential
<p>Aim</p> <p>We evaluated traditional biogeographic boundaries of coastal marine regions in SW Atlantic using DNA sequence data from common, rocky-shore inhabiting, marine mites of the genera <i>Agauopsis</i> and <i>Rhombognathus,</i> family Halacaridae.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We investigated geographic population genetic structure using CO1 gene sequences, estimated divergence times using a multigene dataset and absolute time-calibrated molecular clock analyses, and performed environmental niche modeling (ENM) of common marine mite species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><i>Agauopsis legionium</i> has a shallow history (2.01 Ma) with four geographically differentiated groups. Two of them corresponded to the traditional Amazonian and Northeastern ecoregions, but the boundary between the two other groups was inferred at the Abrolhos Plateau, not Cabo Frio. <i>Rhombognathus levigatoides </i>s. lat. was represented by two cryptic species that diverged 7.22 (multilocus data) or 10.01 Ma (CO1-only analyses), with their boundary, again at the Abrolhos Plateau. ENM showed that <i>A. legionium</i> has suitable habitats scattered along the coast, while the two <i>R. levigatoides </i>cryptic species differ considerably in their niches, especially in parameters related to upwelling. This indicates that genetic isolation associated with the Abrolhos Plateau occurred in both lineages, but for the <i>R. levigatoides </i>species complex, ecological niche specialization was also an important factor.</p> <p>Main conclusions</p> <p>Our study suggests that the major biogeographic boundary in the Southwestern Atlantic lies not at Cabo Frio but at the Abrolhos Plateau. There, two biogeographically relevant factors meet: (i) changes in current directions (which limit dispersal) and (ii) abrupt changes in environmental parameters associated with the South Atlantic Central Waters (SACW) upwelling (offering distinct ecological niches). We suggest that our result represents a general biogeographic pattern because a barrier at the Abrolhos Plateau was found previously for the fish genus <i>Macrodon </i>(phylogeographic data), prosobranch mollusks, ascidians, and reef fishes (community-level data).</p>
Data from: Testing the consistency of connectivity patterns for a widely dispersing marine species
Connectivity is widely recognised as an important component in developing effective management and conservation strategies. While managers are generally most interested in demographic, rather than genetic connectivity, new analytic approaches are able to provide estimates of both demographic and genetic connectivity measures from genetic data. Combining such genetic data with mathematical models represents a powerful approach for accurately determining patterns of population connectivity. Here, we use microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic population structure of the New Zealand Rock Lobster, Jasus edwardsii, which has one of the longest known larval durations of all marine species (> 2 years), a very large geographic range (> 5500 km), and has been the subject of extensive dispersal modelling. Despite earlier mitochondrial DNA studies finding homogeneous genetic structure, the mathematical model suggests that there are source-sink dynamics for this species. We found evidence of genetic structure in J. edwardsii populations with three distinct genetic groups across New Zealand and a further Australian group; these groups and patterns of gene flow were generally congruent with the earlier mathematical model. Of particular interest was the consistent identification of a self-recruiting population/region from both modelling and genetic approaches. While there is the potential for selection and harvesting to influence the patterns we observed, we believe oceanographic processes are most likely responsible for the genetic structure observed in J. edwardsii. Our results, using a species at the extreme end of the dispersal spectrum demonstrate that source-sink population dynamics may still exist for such species.
Data from: Reduced genetic diversity and increased reproductive isolation follow population-level loss of larval dispersal in a marine gastropod
Population-level consequences of dispersal ability remain poorly understood, especially for marine animals in which dispersal is typically considered a species-level trait governed by oceanographic transport of microscopic larvae. Transitions from dispersive (planktotrophic) to non-dispersive, aplanktonic larvae are predicted to reduce connectivity, genetic diversity within populations, and the spatial scale at which reproductive isolation evolves. However, larval dimorphism within a species is rare, precluding population-level tests. We show the sea slug Costasiella ocellifera expresses both larval morphs in Florida and the Caribbean, regions with divergent mitochondrial lineages. Planktotrophy predominated at 11 sites, 10 of which formed a highly connected and genetically diverse Caribbean metapopulation. Four populations expressed mainly aplanktonic development and had markedly reduced connectivity, and lower genetic diversity at one mitochondrial and six nuclear loci. Aplanktonic dams showed partial post-zygotic isolation in most inter-population crosses, regardless of genetic or geographic distance to the sire's source, suggesting outbreeding depression affects fragmented populations. Dams from genetically isolated and neighboring populations also exhibited pre-mating isolation, consistent with reinforcement contingent on historical interaction. By increasing self-recruitment and genetic drift, the loss of dispersal may thus initiate a feedback loop resulting in the evolution of reproductive isolation over small spatial scales in the sea.
Data from: A parallel population genomic and hydrodynamic approach to fishery management of highly-dispersive marine invertebrates: the case of the Fijian black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera
Fishery management and conservation of marine species increasingly relies on genetic data to delineate biologically relevant stock boundaries. Unfortunately for high gene flow species which may display low, but statistically significant population structure, there is no clear consensus on the level of differentiation required to resolve distinct stocks. The use of fine-scale neutral and adaptive variation, considered together with environmental data can offer additional insights to this problem. Genome-wide genetic data (4,123 SNPs), together with an independent hydrodynamic particle dispersal model were used to inform farm and fishery management in the Fijian black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, where comprehensive fishery management is lacking, and the sustainability of exploitation uncertain. Weak fine-scale patterns of population structure were detected, indicative of broad-scale panmixia among wild oysters, while a hatchery-sourced farmed population exhibited a higher degree of genetic divergence (Fst = 0.0850–0.102). This hatchery-produced population had also experienced a bottleneck (NeLD = 5.1; 95% C.I. = [5.1–5.3]); compared to infinite NeLD estimates for all wild oysters. Simulation of larval transport pathways confirmed the existence of broad-scale mixture by surface ocean currents, correlating well with fine-scale patterns of population structuring. Fst outlier tests failed to detect large numbers of loci supportive of selection, with 2–5 directional outlier SNPs identified (average Fst = 0.116). The lack of biologically significant population genetic structure, absence of evidence for local adaptation and larval dispersal simulation, all indicate the existence of a single genetic stock of P. margaritifera in the Fiji Islands. This approach using independent genomic and oceanographic tools has allowed fundamental insights into stock structure in this species, with transferability to other highly-dispersive marine taxa for their conservation and management.
Data from: Exploring potential establishment of marine rafting species after transoceanic long-distance dispersal
Aim On March 11, 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake triggered a massive tsunami that resulted in the largest known rafting event in recorded history. By spring 2012, marine debris began washing ashore along the Pacific Coast of the U.S. and Canada with a wide-range of Asian coastal species attached. We used this unique dataset, where the source region, date of dislodgment, and landing location are known, to assess the potential for species invasions by transoceanic rafting on marine debris. Location Northeast Pacific from 20 to 60°N Time period Current Major taxa studied Forty-eight invertebrate and algal species recorded on Japanese tsunami marine debris. Methods We developed Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) species distribution models for 48 species recorded on Japanese tsunami marine debris to predict establishment potential along the Pacific Coast from 20-60°N. Models were compared within the context of historical marine introductions from Japan to this region to validate the emergence of marine debris as a novel vector for species transfer. Results Overall, 27% (13 species) landed with debris at locations with suitable environmental conditions for establishment and survival, indicating that these species may be able to establish new populations or introduce greater genetic diversity to already established non-native populations. A further 22 species have environmental match in areas where tsunami debris likely landed, but was not extensively sampled. Nearly 100 Japanese marine species previously invaded the northeastern Pacific, demonstrating this region's environmental suitability for rafting Japanese biota. Historical invasions from Asia are highest in California and largely known from bays and harbors. Main conclusions Marine debris is a novel and growing vector for non-native species introduction. By utilizing a unique dataset of Japanese tsunami marine debris species, our predictive models show capacity for new transoceanic invasions and can focus monitoring priorities to detect successful long-distance dispersal across the world's oceans.
Data from: Collective dispersal leads to variance in fitness and maintains offspring size variation within marine populations
Variance in fitness is well known to influence the outcome of evolution but is rarely considered in the theory of marine reproductive strategies. In coastal environments, turbulent mesoscale eddies can collect larvae into 'packets' resulting in collective dispersal. Larvae in packets return to the coast or are lost offshore in groups, producing variance in fitness. Using a Markov process to calculate fixation probabilities for competing phenotypes, we examine the evolution of offspring size and spawning duration in species with benthic adults and pelagic offspring. The offspring size that provides mothers with the highest mean fitness also generates the greatest variance in fitness, but pairwise invasion plots show that bet-hedging strategies are not evolutionarily stable: maximizing expected fitness correctly predicts the unique evolutionarily stable strategy. Nonetheless, fixation can take a long time. We find that selection to increase spawning duration as a risk-avoidance strategy to reduce the negative impacts of stochastic recruitment success can allow multiple offspring sizes to coexist in a population for extended periods. This has two important consequences for offspring size: 1) coexistence occurs over a broader range of sizes and is longer when spawning duration is longer, because longer spawning durations reduce variation in fitness and increase the time to fixation, and 2) longer spawning durations can compensate for having a non-optimal size and even allow less optimal sizes to reach fixation. Collective dispersal and longer spawning durations could effectively maintain offspring size variation even in the absence of good and bad years or locations. Empirical comparisons of offspring size would, therefore, not always reflect environment-specific differences in the optimal size.
Data from: Genotype by sequencing identifies natural selection as a driver of intraspecific divergence in Atlantic populations of the high dispersal marine invertebrate, Macoma petalum
Mitochondrial DNA analyses indicate that the Bay of Fundy population of the intertidal tellinid bivalve Macoma petalum is genetically divergent from coastal populations in the Gulf of Maine and Nova Scotia. To further examine the evolutionary forces driving this genetic break, we performed double digest genotype by sequencing (GBS) to survey the nuclear genome for evidence of both neutral and selective processes shaping this pattern. The resulting reads were mapped to a partial transcriptome of its sister species, M. balthica, to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in protein-coding genes. Population assignment tests, principle components analyses, analysis of molecular variance, and outlier tests all support differentiation between the Bay of Fundy genotype and the genotypes of the Gulf of Maine, Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Nova Scotia. Although both neutral and non-neutral patterns of genetic subdivision were significant, genetic structure among the regions was nearly 20 times higher for loci putatively under selection, suggesting a strong role for natural selection as a driver of genetic diversity in this species. Genetic differences were the greatest between the Bay of Fundy and all other population samples, and some outlier proteins were involved in immunity-related processes. Our results suggest that in combination with limited gene flow across the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, local adaptation is an important driver of intraspecific genetic variation in this marine species with high dispersal potential.
Genetic structure and dispersal in peripheral populations of a marine fish (Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus) and their importance for adaptation to climate change
<p>Small and isolated peripheral populations, which are often remnants of glacial refugia, offer an opportunity to determine the magnitude and direction of fine-scale connectivity in high gene flow marine species. When located at the equatorial edge of a species' range, these populations may also harbor genetic diversity related to survival and reproduction at higher temperatures, a critical resource for marine species facing warming ocean temperatures. Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), a marine fish in the North Pacific, has already experienced major shifts in biomass and distribution linked to climate change. We estimated the magnitude and direction of connectivity between peripheral populations of Pacific cod at the southern edge of the species' range, by conducting restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing and individual assignment on fish collected around the Korean Peninsula during the spawning season. Three populations on the western, eastern, and southern Korean coasts were highly differentiated (FST =0.025 – 0.042) and relatively small (Ne = 433-1777). Ten putative dispersers and estimates of contemporary migration rates revealed asymmetrical, west-to-east movement around the Korean Peninsula, at a higher rate than predicted by indirect estimates of connectivity (FST). Allele frequencies at 87 RAD loci were decisively correlated with strong marine temperature gradients between the warmer southern coast and the cooler waters of the eastern and western coasts. Despite relatively small sample sizes, our data suggest asymmetrical dispersal and gene flow, potentially involving adaptive alleles, between peripheral populations inhabiting markedly different thermal regimes. Our study emphasizes the conservation value of peripheral populations in high gene flow marine fish species.</p>
Impact of dispersion correction in DFT-enhanced anisotropic NMR for stereochemical elucidation of flexible marine natural products
<p><strong>Supplementary Data of the article "Impact of dispersion correction in DFT-enhanced anisotropic NMR for stereochemical elucidation of flexible marine natural products."</strong></p> <p> </p>
Figure 31. Energy dispersive X in Morphological And Molecular Description Of Rhadinorhynchus Hiansi Soota And Bhattacharya, 1981 (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) From Marine Fish Off The Pacific Coast Of Vietnam
Figure 31. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of a gallium cut trunk spine of a Rhadinorhynchus hiansi specimen showing high levels of sulfur. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the center of the spine; see boldfaced numbers in Table V. Insert: SEM of a lateral longitudinal cut spine.
Figure 29. Energy dispersive X in Morphological And Molecular Description Of Rhadinorhynchus Hiansi Soota And Bhattacharya, 1981 (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) From Marine Fish Off The Pacific Coast Of Vietnam
Figure 29. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of the base center of a gallium cut large anterior hook of a Rhadinorhynchus hiansi specimen showing high levels of calcium and phosphorus. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the hook base (see boldfaced figures in Table III). Insert: SEM of a cross and lateral longitudinal gallium cut hook.
Figure 30. Energy dispersive X in Morphological And Molecular Description Of Rhadinorhynchus Hiansi Soota And Bhattacharya, 1981 (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) From Marine Fish Off The Pacific Coast Of Vietnam
Figure 30. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of the tip of a gallium cut small base hook of a Rhadinorhynchus hiansi specimen showing high levels of sulfur. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the hook tip (see boldfaced figures in Table IV). Insert: SEM of a cross and lateral longitudinal gallium cut hook.
Dataset of Larval dispersal simulations of marine benthic invertebrates around New Zealand
<p>Dataset generated from biophysical simulations modelling larval dispersal around New Zealand with OpenDrift and the Moana Hindcast Backbone from 15 different locations and 4 different maximum PLD lengths. </p> <p>Within each file, the first 2 columns are a particles starting co-ordinates, columns 3 and 4 are ending co-ordinates, column 5 was state at the end of simulations (contact Charles Michie for more information), and column 6 is the origin.</p> <p>Abbreviations for locations: LMR - Leigh Marine Reserve, CTC - Cathedral Cove, RKK - Rongokako, CST - Castlepoint, ISB - Island Bay, KAI - Kaikoura, SPO - Seal Point, HMB - Half Moon Bay, DBS - Doubtful Sound, JSB - Jackson Bay, CFW - Cape Foulwind, OKB - Okiwi Bay, CPE - Cape Egmont, PIH - Piha Beach, CPR - Cape Reinga (also called FRN - Far North elsewhere).</p> <p>Data will accompany the publication "Variation in the dispersal of marine invertebrate larvae around coastal New ZealandVariation in the dispersal of marine invertebrate larvae around coastal New Zealand" </p>
Animations for Marine dispersal in the western Indian Ocean
<p>Animations associated with <em>Marine dispersal in the western Indian Ocean</em>. Please see the thesis text for animation explanations.</p>
Data from: Testing the consistency of connectivity patterns for a widely dispersing marine species
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Data from: Dispersal of a near-shore marine fish connects marine reserves and adjacent fished areas along an open coast
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Data from: Multiple dispersal vectors drive range expansion in an invasive marine species
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Data from: A parallel population genomic and hydrodynamic approach to fishery management of highly-dispersive marine invertebrates: the case of the Fijian black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.